"Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers is an overdue and pioneering book by two excellent political scientists. Political scientists have not paid enough attention to the ways in which parties differ in presidential compared to parliamentary systems. David Samuels and Matthew Shugart fill this important gap in the literature and show that parties behave and organize in systematically different ways in presidential compared to parliamentary democracies. Their mix of quantitative data and case studies is fruitful and compelling." - Scott Mainwaring, University of Notre Dame
"This is a terrific book by two leading scholars of parties and elections. It is especially rich empirically. The authors mix analysis of comprehensive data from across all democracies with a variety of case studies and extensive examples. They describe compelling and underrecog-nized links between formal constitutional structure and the goals of party leaders. Those goals of party leaders, the authors argue, get complicated under presidential systems, and they are different from the goals of party leaders in parliamentary systems. Put together, the quantitative analysis and case studies make the overall case in this book hard to refute." - Kenneth Kollman, University of Michigan
"This book sets out, in very clear and cogent terms, why anyone who is interested in understanding party competition needs to put constitutional distinctions between presidential and parliamentary government at center stage in their analysis." - Michael Laver, New York University
"Samuels and Shugart's book constitutes a giant step forward in exploring how institutional rules shape the internal power dynamics of political parties. Going beyond sociological or political-economic conditions of party organization, this book demonstrates that institutions have a major impact on how politicians coordinate their efforts to win and exercise political power through political parties. I have no doubt that this book will be an agenda setter, triggering a train of new comparative research on the political process inside political parties." - Herbert Kitschelt, Duke University
Muu info
David J. Samuels and Matthew S. Shugart provide the first systematic analysis of how democratic constitutional design shapes party politics.
Preface and Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
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1 | (21) |
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Democracies with Elected Presidents Are Now in the Majority |
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4 | (3) |
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The Comparative Study of Political Parties and the Missing Variable of Regime-Type |
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7 | (5) |
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Clues from Existing Research |
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12 | (2) |
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"Presidentialized" versus "Parliamentarized" Parties |
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14 | (4) |
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18 | (4) |
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2 Political Parties in the Neo-Madisonian Theoretical Framework |
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22 | (40) |
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Democratic Regimes and the Neo-Madisonian Framework |
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25 | (9) |
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Parties in the Neo-Madisonian Framework |
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34 | (2) |
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Situating Parties within the Separation of Powers |
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36 | (3) |
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President-Party Relationships under Semi-Presidentialism |
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39 | (7) |
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Party Dilemmas under the Separation of Powers |
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46 | (7) |
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53 | (2) |
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Appendix 2A Cohabitation in Semi-Presidential Systems - Cases and Data |
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55 | (7) |
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3 Insiders and Outsiders: Madison's Dilemma and Leadership Selection |
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62 | (32) |
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Defining Insiders and Outsiders |
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65 | (3) |
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Insiders versus Outsiders: Hypotheses |
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68 | (4) |
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Career Paths of Insiders and Outsiders |
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72 | (11) |
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Limits of Presidentialization in Hybrid Regimes |
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83 | (7) |
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90 | (1) |
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Appendix 3A Constructing the Database on Leaders' Career Paths |
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91 | (3) |
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4 Constitutional Design and Intraparty Leadership Accountability |
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94 | (29) |
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Firing Party Agents under Parliamentarism |
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95 | (3) |
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Firing Prime Ministers under Semi-Presidentialism |
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98 | (10) |
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Firing a Directly Elected President |
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108 | (12) |
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120 | (3) |
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5 Electoral Separation of Purpose within Political Parties |
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123 | (39) |
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Electoral Separation of Purpose: The Physical Separation of Votes |
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126 | (2) |
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Sources of Variation in Electoral Separation of Purpose |
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128 | (2) |
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Measuring Electoral Separation of Purpose |
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130 | (2) |
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Illustrative Examples of Electoral Separation of Purpose |
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132 | (10) |
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The Global Extent of Electoral Separation of Purpose |
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142 | (8) |
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150 | (2) |
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Appendix 5A Sources for District-Level Electoral Data |
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152 | (7) |
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Appendix 5B Countries and Elections Included |
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159 | (3) |
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6 The Impact of Constitutional Change on Party Organization and Behavior |
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162 | (31) |
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Constitutional Reforms and Expectations for Party Adaptation |
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164 | (6) |
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Presidentialized Parties in France |
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170 | (9) |
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Presidentialized Parties in Israel |
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179 | (11) |
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190 | (3) |
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7 Parties' "Presidential Dilemmas" in Brazil and Mexico |
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193 | (25) |
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Presidential Dilemmas in Brazilian Parties |
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194 | (10) |
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Presidential Dilemmas in Mexican Parties |
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204 | (11) |
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215 | (3) |
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8 Presidents, Prime Ministers, and Mandate Representation |
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218 | (31) |
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Parties, Presidents, and Political Representation |
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222 | (9) |
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Policy-Switching or Mandate Representation: A Global Exploration |
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231 | (16) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (16) |
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Semi-Presidentialism Is More Presidential Than Parliamentary |
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255 | (2) |
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Pure Types and Hybrids: Implications of Trends in Constitutional Design |
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257 | (5) |
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262 | (3) |
References |
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265 | (24) |
Index |
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289 | |
David J. Samuels is the Benjamin E. Lippincott Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. He is the author of Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil (Cambridge University Press, 2003) and the co-editor of Decentralization and Democracy in Latin America (2004). He has published articles in the American Political Science Review, the Journal of Politics, Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, Legislative Studies Quarterly, and the British Journal of Political Science. Matthew S. Shugart is Professor at the Department of Political Science and the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego. Among his books are Seats and Votes (with Rein Taagepera, 1989), Presidents and Assemblies (with John Carey, Cambridge University Press, 1992), Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America (co-edited with Scott Mainwaring, Cambridge University Press, 1997), Executive Decree Authority (co-edited with John Carey, Cambridge University Press, 1998), and Mixed-Member Electoral Systems (co-edited with Martin Wattenberg, 2001). His articles have appeared in numerous journals, including the American Journal of Political Science, the American Political Science Review, the British Journal of Political Science, and Electoral Studies.