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E-raamat: Principles of Forensic Engineering Applied to Industrial Accidents

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  • ISBN-13: 9781118962794
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118962794
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An introductory text on the investigation of industrial accidents Forensic engineering should be seen as a rigorous approach to the discovery of root causes that lead to an accident or near-miss.

An introductory text on the investigation of industrial accidents

Forensic engineering should be seen as a rigorous approach to the discovery of root causes that lead to an accident or near-miss. The approach should be suitable to identify both the immediate causes as well as the underlying factors that affected, amplified, or modified the events in terms of consequences, evolution, dynamics, etc., as well as the contribution of an eventual "human error".

This book is a concise and introductory volume to the forensic engineering discipline which helps the reader to recognize the link among those important, very specialized aspects of the same problem in the global strategy of learning from accidents (or near-misses). The reader will benefit from a single point of access to this very large, technical literature that can be only correctly understood with the right terms, definitions, and links in mind.

Keywords:

  • Presents simple (real) cases, as well as giving an overview of more complex ones, each of them investigated within the same framework;
  • Gives the readers the bibliography to access more in-depth specific aspects;
  • Offers an overview of the most commonly used methodologies and techniques to investigate accidents, including the evidence that should be collected to define the cause, dynamics and responsibilities of an industrial accident, as well as the most appropriate methods to collect and preserve the evidence through an appropriate chain of security.

Principles of Forensic Engineering Applied to Industrial Accidents is essential reading for researchers and practitioners in forensic engineering, as well as graduate students in forensic engineering departments and other professionals.

Foreword xiii
Giomi
Foreword xv
Chiaia
Foreword xvii
Tee
Preface xix
Acknowledgement xxi
List of Acronyms xxiii
1 Introduction 1(8)
1.1 Who Should Read This Book?
1(1)
1.2 Going Beyond the Widget!
2(3)
1.3 Forensic Engineering as a Discipline
5(2)
References
7(1)
Further Reading
7(2)
2 Industrial Accidents 9(70)
2.1 Accidents
9(30)
2.1.1 Principles of Combustion
14(9)
2.1.1.1 Flammable Gases and Vapors
17(4)
2.1.1.2 Flammable Liquids
21(1)
2.1.1.3 The Ignition
22(1)
2.1.2 Fires
23(4)
2.1.3 Explosions
27(6)
2.1.4 Incidental Scenarios
33(6)
2.2 Near Misses
39(1)
2.3 Process Safety
40(7)
2.3.1 Management of Safety
41(6)
2.4 The Importance of Accidents
47(21)
2.4.1 Seveso disaster
48(3)
2.4.2 Bhopal Disaster
51(4)
2.4.3 Flixborough Disaster
55(3)
2.4.4 Deepwater Horizon Drilling Rig Explosion
58(2)
2.4.5 San Juanico Disaster
60(4)
2.4.6 Buncefield Disaster
64(4)
2.5 Performance Indicators
68(4)
2.6 The Role of 'Uncertainty' and 'Risk'
72(3)
References
75(3)
Further reading
78(1)
3 What is Accident Investigation? What is Forensic Engineering? What is Risk Assessment? Who is the Forensic Engineer and what is his Role? 79(36)
3.1 Investigation
79(8)
3.2 Forensic Engineering
87(4)
3.3 Legal Aspects
91(4)
3.4 Ethic Issues
95(1)
3.5 Insurance Aspects
96(2)
3.6 Accident Prevention and Risk Assessment
98(7)
3.6.1 "What-if" Analysis
100(1)
3.6.2 Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) & Hazard Identification (HAZID)
101(4)
3.6.3 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
105(1)
3.7 Technical Standards
105(7)
References
112(1)
Further Reading
113(2)
4 The Forensic Engineering Workflow 115(68)
4.1 The Workflow
115(3)
4.2 Team and Planning
118(6)
4.3 Preliminary and Onsite Investigation (Collecting the Evidence)
124(6)
4.3.1 Sampling
127(3)
4.3.1.1 Selection of the Sample
127(1)
4.3.1.2 Collection of the Sample
128(1)
4.3.1.3 Packaging of the Sample
129(1)
4.3.1.4 Sealing the Packaging
130(1)
4.4 Sources and Type of Evidence to be Considered
130(22)
4.4.1 People
133(5)
4.4.1.1 Conducting the Interview
136(2)
4.4.2 Paper Documentation
138(2)
4.4.3 Digital Documentation and Electronic Data
140(5)
4.4.3.1 An Example About the Value of Digital Evidence
141(4)
4.4.4 Physical Evidence
145(1)
4.4.5 Position Data
146(1)
4.4.6 Photographs
147(5)
4.4.6.1 The Collection of the Photographs
148(2)
4.4.6.2 Photograph Cataloguing
150(2)
4.5 Recognise the Evidence
152(14)
4.5.1 Short Case Studies
155(13)
4.5.1.1 Explosion of Flour at the Mill of Cordero in Fossano
156(1)
4.5.1.2 Explosion at the Pettinatura Italiana Plant
157(3)
4.5.1.3 Explosion of the Boiler of the SISAS Plant of Pioltello
160(3)
4.5.1.4 Explosion of the Steam Generator of the Plant Enichem Synthesis at Villadossola
163(1)
4.5.1.5 Aluminium Dust Explosion at Nicomax in Verbania
163(3)
4.6 Organize the Evidence
166(2)
4.7 Conducting the Investigation and the Analysis
168(7)
4.7.1 Method of the Conic Spiral
172(1)
4.7.2 Evidence Analysis
173(2)
4.8 Reporting and Communication
175(5)
References
180(2)
Further Reading
182(1)
5 Investigation Methods 183(84)
5.1 Causes and Causal Mechanism Analysis
183(9)
5.2 Time and Events Sequence
192(7)
5.2.1 STEP Method
196(3)
5.3 Human Factor
199(13)
5.3.1 Human Error
204(4)
5.3.2 Analysis of Operative Instructions and Working Procedures
208(4)
5.4 Methods
212(51)
5.4.1 Expert Judgment and Brainstorming
213(1)
5.4.2 Structured Methods and Approaches
214(60)
5.4.2.1 Pre-structured Methods
218(4)
5.4.2.2 Barrier-based Systematic Cause Analysis Technique (BSCAT™)
222(6)
5.4.2.3 Tripod Beta
228(4)
5.4.2.4 Barrier Failure Analysis (BFA)
232(6)
5.4.2.5 Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
238(15)
5.4.2.6 QRA derived tools
253(10)
References
263(3)
Further Reading
266(1)
6 Derive Lessons 267(42)
6.1 Pre and Post Accident Management
267(7)
6.2 Develop Recommendations
274(16)
6.2.1 An Application of Risk Analysis to Choose the Best Corrective Measure
284(6)
6.3 Communication
290(6)
6.4 Safety (and Risk) Management and Training
296(2)
6.5 Organization Systems and Safety Culture
298(5)
6.6 Behavior-based Safety (BBS)
303(1)
6.7 Understanding Near-misses and Treat Them
304(3)
References
307(1)
Further Reading
308(1)
7 Case Studies 309(168)
7.1 Jet Fire at a Steel Plant
309(20)
7.1.1 Introduction
309(1)
7.1.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
310(4)
7.1.3 Why it Happened
314(7)
7.1.4 Findings
321(1)
7.1.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
322(4)
7.1.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
326(2)
7.1.7 References and Further Readings
328(1)
7.2 Fire on Board a Ferryboat
329(25)
7.2.1 Introduction
329(1)
7.2.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
330(1)
7.2.3 Why it Happened
330(8)
7.2.4 Findings
338(4)
7.2.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
342(1)
7.2.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
342(12)
7.2.6.1 The Discharge Activity and the Evidence Collection
342(3)
7.2.6.2 Use of and Issues Regarding Digital Evidences
345(3)
7.2.6.3 Expected Performances of the Installed Digital Memories
348(1)
7.2.6.4 The VDR (Voyage Data Recorder) System
348(2)
7.2.6.5 Data Extraction from the "Black Box" (i.e.: FRM Module)
350(1)
7.2.6.6 Analysis and Use of Extracted Data
351(1)
7.2.6.7 Documentation Analysis of the Fire Detection System
352(2)
7.2.7 References and Further Readings
354(1)
7.3 LOPC of Toxic Substance at a Chemical Plant
354(12)
7.3.1 Introduction
354(1)
7.3.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
354(1)
7.3.3 Why it Happened
355(3)
7.3.4 Findings
358(5)
7.3.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
363(1)
7.3.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
364(2)
7.4 Refinery's Pipeway Fire
366(15)
7.4.1 Introduction
366(1)
7.4.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
367(4)
7.4.3 Why it Happened
371(2)
7.4.4 Findings
373(2)
7.4.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
375(3)
7.4.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
378(1)
7.4.7 References and Further Readings
379(2)
7.5 Flash Fire at a Lime Furnace Fuel Storage Silo
381(8)
7.5.1 Introduction
381(1)
7.5.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
382(3)
7.5.3 Why it Happened
385(3)
7.5.4 Findings
388(1)
7.5.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
388(1)
7.5.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
388(1)
7.5.7 Further Readings
388(1)
7.6 Explosion of a Rotisserie Van Oven Fueled by an LPG System
389(18)
7.6.1 Introduction
389(1)
7.6.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
390(4)
7.6.3 Why it Happened
394(4)
7.6.4 Findings
398(1)
7.6.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
399(1)
7.6.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
399(7)
7.6.7 Further Readings
406(1)
7.7 Fragment Projection Inside a Congested Process Area
407(22)
7.7.1 Introduction
407(1)
7.7.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
408(1)
7.7.3 Why it Happened
408(1)
7.7.4 Findings
409(18)
7.7.4.1 Collection of Evidences and Data
410(1)
7.7.4.2 Initial Plate Velocity and Box Deformation
410(5)
7.7.4.3 Development of a Piping Damage Criteria
415(6)
7.7.4.4 Evaluation of Damages
421(1)
7.7.4.5 Results for Impacts for Some Pipes
421(1)
7.7.4.6 FI-BLAST© Adaptation to Perform a Parametric Study
422(4)
7.7.4.7 Results of the Parametric Study
426(1)
7.7.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
427(1)
7.7.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
428(1)
7.7.7 References and Further Readings
429(1)
7.8 Refinery Process Unit Fire
429(20)
7.8.1 Introduction
429(1)
7.8.2 How it Happened (Incident Dynamics)
429(4)
7.8.3 Why it Happened
433(2)
7.8.4 Findings
435(3)
7.8.4.1 Examination of the Effects of the Fire
437(1)
7.8.4.2 Water and Foam Consumption
438(1)
7.8.4.3 Damages
438(1)
7.8.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
438(1)
7.8.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
439(9)
7.8.7 References and Further Readings
448(1)
7.9 Crack in an Oil Pipeline
449(14)
7.9.1 Introduction
449(1)
7.9.2 How it Happened (Accident Dynamics)
450(3)
7.9.3 Why it Happened
453(1)
7.9.4 Experimental Campaign on the Pipeline Segment
453(4)
7.9.5 Findings
457(3)
7.9.6 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
460(2)
7.9.7 Forensic Engineering Highlights
462(1)
7.9.8 References and Further Readings
463(1)
7.10 Storage Building on Fire
463(6)
7.10.1 Introduction
463(1)
7.10.2 How it Happened (Accident Dynamics)
464(1)
7.10.3 Why it Happened
464(1)
7.10.4 Findings
465(1)
7.10.5 Lessons Learned and Recommendations
466(1)
7.10.6 Forensic Engineering Highlights
467(1)
7.10.7 Further Readings
467(2)
8 Conclusions and Recommendations
469(4)
References
471(2)
9 A Look Into the Future
473(4)
References
476(1)
A Principles on Probability 477(2)
A.1 Basic Notions on Probability
477(2)
Index 479
Professor Luca Fiorentini is an internationally recognized expert in the field of industrial, process safety and fire engineering. He is owner and CEO of TECSA S.r.l. international consulting company working in the field of loss prevention and industrial safety, fire engineering and environmental protection. He is senior process safety, HSE, fire engineering and reliability consultant. Professor Fiorentini has experience in QRA (Hazop, LOPA, FTA, ETA, Consequence analysis), CFD and FEM methods, RAM analysis and industrial risk assessment for a number of industries: major hazard industries, refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, liquid hydrocarbons and LPG storage farms, oil and gas onshore installations and offshore platforms, steelwork plants, food processing facilities, pharmaceutical and fine chemicals production plants, hospitals and health care facilities, ports and piers. He is an expert of fire engineering and fire risk assessment. Fiorentini is a recognized forensic engineer and investigator for fires, explosions and industrial and marine accidents. He is the author of several books, articles and conference papers as well as a reviewer for a number of scientific magazines. He is also a professional member of the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences (UK) and an editorial board member of "International Journal of Forensic Engineering" and "Fire Protection Engineering Magazine" (SFPE).

Professor Luca Marmo is a researcher at Politecnico di Torino technical university, holder of the chair of "Safety of industrial Processes" on the Chemical Engineering course, and director of the "Experimental Centre for Explosive Atmosphere Safety" at the Politecnico di Torino Scientific Activity. Consultant to the Public prosecutor and to the Court as a forensic engineer, he has investigated more than one hundred industrial and civil accidents, mainly fires and explosions. The skills of his research group are mainly focused on industrial safety and risk analysis, production of microorganisms and biomolecules of industrial interest, valorisation processes of wastes and industrial by-products, and production of microorganisms and enzymes applied in toxic compounds biodegradation processes. Other research fields concern experimental activity on fluidised bed reactors, CFD modelling of gas–solid multiphase reactors, and experimental activity on the valorisation of wastes. Author of more than 60 papers on international journals or presented at conferences, he is also a consultant to many companies and public bodies in the field of industrial safety and accident prevention, including government agencies at national and European level.