Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xix | |
Author |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Fabric Manufacturing 1 |
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1.1 Fabric Manufacturing Technologies |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (15) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Some Basic Definitions |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.5.2 Packing Factor or Packing Coefficient |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2.5.5 Fractional Cover and Cover Factor |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (8) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Loop Formation in Knitting |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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1.3.6 Single Jersey and Double Jersey Fabrics |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (4) |
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1.4.1 Needle Punching Technology |
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25 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Hydro-Entanglement Technology |
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26 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Spunbond Technology |
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27 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Meltblown Technology |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (8) |
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31 | (5) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (72) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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2.3 Types of Yarn Withdrawal |
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38 | (2) |
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2.4 Types of Wound Packages |
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40 | (1) |
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2.5 Important Definitions of Winding |
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41 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Traverse Ratio or Wind Ratio or Wind per Double Traverse |
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41 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Angle of Wind and Coil Angle |
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41 | (1) |
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2.5.3.1 Measuring the Angle of Wind |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.7 Classification of Winding Principles |
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45 | (14) |
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2.7.1 Drum-Driven Winders |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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2.7.1.3 Path of Yarn on Cheese |
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51 | (2) |
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2.7.1.4 Steps to Draw the Path of Yarn on Cheese |
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53 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Spindle-Driven Winders |
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54 | (4) |
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2.7.3 Step Precision Winder or Digicone Winder |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (2) |
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2.10 Conditions For Uniform Package Building |
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63 | (8) |
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63 | (2) |
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2.10.2 Conditions for Uniform Cone Winding |
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65 | (2) |
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2.10.2.1 Example of Uniform Cone Winding |
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67 | (3) |
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2.10.3 Grooves on Winding Drums |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (6) |
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2.11.1 Types of Tensioning Devices |
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71 | (2) |
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2.11.2 Relation between Input and Output Tensions in Multiplicative Tensioner |
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73 | (1) |
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2.11.3 Tension Variation during Unwinding from Cop Build Packages |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (10) |
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2.12.1 Objectives of Yarn Clearing |
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77 | (1) |
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2.12.2 Principles of Measurement |
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78 | (2) |
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2.12.3 Yarn Imperfections and Yarn Faults |
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80 | (2) |
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2.12.3.1 Causes of Classimat Faults |
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82 | (2) |
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2.12.3.2 Settings of Yarn Clearing Channels |
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84 | (1) |
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2.12.4 Removal of Foreign and Coloured Fibres |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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2.14 Some Important Issues of Winding |
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88 | (21) |
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2.14.1 Yarn Winding for Package Dyeing |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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2.14.3 Defects in Wound Packages |
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91 | (1) |
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2.14.4 Winding and Yarn Hairiness |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (14) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (18) |
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109 | (1) |
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3.2 Beam Warping and Sectional Warping |
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109 | (2) |
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3.3 Components of Warping Machine |
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111 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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3.3.1.3 Travelling or Swivelling Creel |
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113 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Calculation for Warping Efficiency with Different Creels |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (3) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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3.6 Developments in Warping |
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121 | (6) |
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3.6.1 Sample Warping Machine |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (46) |
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127 | (1) |
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4.2 Characteristics of Sized Yarn |
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127 | (1) |
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4.3 Important Definitions of Sizing |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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4.5 Size Encapsulation and Size Penetration |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (11) |
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4.6.1 Desirable Properties of Sizing Materials |
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132 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Composition of Sizing Material |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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4.6.3.1 Chemical Structure of Starch |
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133 | (2) |
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4.6.3.2 Cooking of Starch |
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135 | (1) |
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4.6.3.3 Acid Treatment of Starch |
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136 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) |
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137 | (1) |
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4.6.4.1 Degree of Hydrolysis |
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137 | (3) |
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4.6.4.2 Degree of Polymerisation and Viscosity |
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140 | (1) |
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4.6.5 Typical Recipe of Sizing |
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140 | (1) |
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4.6.5.1 Carded Cotton Yarn |
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140 | (1) |
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4.6.5.2 Combed Cotton Yarn |
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140 | (1) |
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4.6.5.3 Polyester-Cotton Blended Yarn |
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140 | (1) |
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4.6.6 Steps for Preparing the Size Paste |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (20) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (2) |
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4.7.2.1 Viscosity of Size Paste |
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147 | (1) |
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4.7.2.2 Squeezing Pressure |
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148 | (2) |
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4.7.2.3 Hardness of Top Squeeze Roll |
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150 | (1) |
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4.7.2.4 Thickness of Synthetic Rubber on the Top Roller |
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150 | (1) |
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4.7.2.5 Position of Immersion Roller |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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4.7.2.7 Percent Occupation and Equivalent Yarn Diameter |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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4.7.2.9 Crowning of Top Roller |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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4.7.3.1 Methods of Drying |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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4.9 Quality Evaluation of Sized Yarns |
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162 | (11) |
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164 | (7) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (22) |
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5.1 Introduction to Weave Design |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (12) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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5.3.1.3 Matt or Basket Weave |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Satin and Sateen Weaves |
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185 | (1) |
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5.3.3.1 Six-End Regular Sateen |
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186 | (1) |
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5.3.3.2 Rules for Making Satin or Sateen Weaves |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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5.5 Computer-Aided Design |
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192 | (1) |
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5.6 Weave and Fabric Properties |
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192 | (3) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (64) |
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6.1 Primary and Secondary Motions |
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195 | (1) |
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6.2 Transmission of Motions in Shuttle Loom |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (35) |
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6.3.1 Negative and Positive Cams |
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199 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Distinct (Clear) and Indistinct (Unclear) Shed |
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200 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Lift or Throw of Cam |
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201 | (2) |
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6.3.4 Diameter of Reversing Rollers |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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6.3.6 Calculation of Warp Strain during Shedding |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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6.3.7.3 Effects of Shed Timing and Backrest Position |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (1) |
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6.3.10 Heald Reversing Mechanism |
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216 | (2) |
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6.3.11 Positive Cam Shedding |
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218 | (1) |
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6.3.11.1 Grooved Positive Cam |
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218 | (1) |
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6.3.11.2 Matched Positive Cam |
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219 | (1) |
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6.3.12 Design of Shedding Cams |
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220 | (1) |
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6.3.12.1 Design of Linear Cam |
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221 | (6) |
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6.3.12.2 Design of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Cam |
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227 | (5) |
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6.3.12.3 Advantages of SHM Cam over Linear Cam |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (8) |
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6.4.1 Limitation of Cam Shedding |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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6.4.2.1 System of Pegging |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Modern Rotary Dobby |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (11) |
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6.5.1 Single-Lift Single-Cylinder (SLSC) Jacquard |
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241 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Double-Lift Single-Cylinder (DLSC) Jacquard |
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243 | (2) |
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6.5.3 Double-Lift Double-Cylinder (DLDC) Jacquard |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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6.5.5 Problems in Jacquard Harness in Wide Looms |
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248 | (1) |
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6.5.6 Pattern of Harness Tying |
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249 | (1) |
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6.5.7 Electronic Jacquard |
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250 | (2) |
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6.6 Types of Heald Movement |
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252 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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6.7 Dual-Directional Shedding |
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254 | (5) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Picking in Shuttle Loom |
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259 | (34) |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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7.3 Classification of Shuttle Picking Mechanism |
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261 | (8) |
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7.3.1 Cone Over-Pick Mechanism |
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261 | (1) |
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7.3.1.1 Adjustments for Strength and Timing of Over-Pick Mechanism |
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262 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Cone Under-Pick Mechanism |
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264 | (1) |
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7.3.2.1 Adjustments for Strength and Timing of Under-Pick Mechanism |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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7.3.2.4 Side Lever Under-Pick Mechanism |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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7.5 Shuttle Velocity, Loom Speed and Picking Power |
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269 | (4) |
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7.5.1 Relation between Shuttle Velocity and Loom Speed |
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269 | (3) |
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7.5.2 Power Required for Picking |
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272 | (1) |
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7.6 Nominal and Actual Displacement of Shuttle |
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273 | (4) |
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7.6.1 Nominal Movement in Straight Line |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (16) |
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7.7.1 Mechanism of Shuttle Checking |
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277 | (1) |
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7.7.2 A Simplified Theoretical Model of Shuttle Checking |
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278 | (3) |
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7.7.3 Checking by the Action of Picker |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (7) |
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291 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Picking in Shuttleless Looms |
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293 | (66) |
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8.1 Limitations of Shuttle Loom |
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293 | (2) |
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8.2 Projectile Picking System |
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295 | (17) |
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8.2.1 Torsion of a Circular Rod |
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295 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Principle of Torsion Rod Picking Mechanism |
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297 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Acceleration and Deceleration of Picker and Projectile |
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299 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Hypothetical Velocity Profile of Picker |
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301 | (1) |
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8.2.4.1 Uniform Acceleration |
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302 | (1) |
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8.2.4.2 Non-Uniform Acceleration |
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303 | (3) |
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8.2.5 Sequence of Weft Insertion in Projectile Loom |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (2) |
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8.3 Air-Jet Picking System |
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312 | (23) |
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8.3.1 Bernoulli's Theorem |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Velocity and Acceleration of Pick |
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316 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Devices to Control the Air Flow |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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8.3.5.1 Types of Relay Nozzles |
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323 | (1) |
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8.3.6 Design of Main Nozzle |
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323 | (2) |
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8.3.7 Weft Storage Systems |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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8.3.9 Effect of Yarn Characteristics on Yarn Velocity |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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8.3.9.5 Denier per Filament |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (2) |
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8.3.11 Tension Profile of Weft Yarn |
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330 | (1) |
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8.3.12 New Features in Air-Jet Looms |
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331 | (1) |
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8.3.12.1 Programmable Speed Control |
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331 | (1) |
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8.3.12.2 Individual Control of Relay Nozzles |
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332 | (1) |
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8.3.12.3 Adaptive Control System |
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332 | (3) |
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8.4 Water-Jet Picking System |
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335 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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8.5 Rapier Picking System |
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338 | (9) |
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8.5.1 Classification of Rapier Picking System |
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339 | (3) |
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8.5.2 Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration Profiles of Rapier |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Tip Transfer or Dewas System |
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345 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Multicolour Weft Selection |
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346 | (1) |
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8.6 Selvedge Formation in Shuttleless Looms |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (11) |
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351 | (7) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (32) |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (10) |
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9.2.1 Sley Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration |
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359 | (7) |
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366 | (1) |
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9.2.2.1 Calculation Related to Sley Eccentricity |
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367 | (2) |
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9.2.2.2 Effect of Sley Eccentricity |
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369 | (1) |
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9.3 Force, Torque and Power Required to Drive the Sley |
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369 | (3) |
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9.4 Analysis of Motions of Various Points on the Sley |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (6) |
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9.5.1 Cloth Fell Position and Pick Spacing |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (2) |
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9.6 Factors Influencing the Beat-up Force |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (8) |
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384 | (6) |
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390 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Secondary and Auxiliary Motions |
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391 | (32) |
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391 | (9) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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10.1.2.1 Negative Take-Up |
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392 | (1) |
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10.1.2.2 Positive Take-Up |
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393 | (1) |
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10.1.3 Five-Wheel Take-Up |
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393 | (1) |
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10.1.4 Seven-Wheel Take-Up |
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394 | (1) |
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10.1.4.1 Case I: One Tooth of One Gear Is Faulty |
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395 | (3) |
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10.1.4.2 Case II: All Teeth of Any One Gear Are Faulty |
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398 | (1) |
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10.1.4.3 Case III: Any One Gear Is Eccentric |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (7) |
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400 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Classification of Let-Off |
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401 | (1) |
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10.2.2.1 Negative Let-Off |
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401 | (3) |
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10.2.2.2 Semi-Positive Let-Off |
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404 | (2) |
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10.2.2.3 Positive Let-Off |
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406 | (1) |
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10.3 Auxiliary or Stop-Motions |
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407 | (16) |
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10.3.1 Warp Protecting Motion |
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408 | (1) |
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10.3.1.1 Fast-Reed Warp Protecting Motion |
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408 | (1) |
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10.3.1.2 Loose-Reed Warp Protecting Motion |
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408 | (1) |
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10.3.1.3 Electromagnetic Warp Protecting Motion |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (2) |
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412 | (1) |
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10.3.3.1 Side Weft Fork Motion |
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412 | (3) |
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10.3.3.2 Centre Weft Fork Motion |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (6) |
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421 | (2) |
Index |
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423 | |