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E-raamat: Project-Based Approach to Translation Technology

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A Project-Based Approach to Translation Technology

provides students of translation and trainee translators with a real-time translation experience, with its translation platforms, management systems, and teamwork.

This book is divided into seven chapters reflecting the building blocks of a project-based approach to translation technology. The first chapter identifies the core elements of translation environment tools and collaborative work methods, while Chapters 2 and 4 review the concept of translation memory and terminology databases and their purposes. Chapter 3 covers machine translation embedded in the technology, and the other chapters discuss human and technological quality assurance, digital ethics and risk management, and web-based translation management systems. Each chapter follows a common format and ends with project-based assignments. These assignments draw and build on real-time contexts, covering the consecutive steps in the workflow of large and multilingual translation projects.

Reviewing the many translation technology tools available to assist the translator and other language service providers, this is an indispensable book for advanced students and instructors of translation studies, professional translators and technology tool providers.

Arvustused

This book represents a very accessible yet comprehensive introduction to a panoply of computer-based tools that translators must be familiar with today. Each chapter concludes with a challenging project-based learning activity that provides an opportunity for students to work collaboratively to acquire a deeper and practical understanding of how and when to use these essential tools.

Don Kiraly, University of Mainz, Germany

Elegantly tackling the most complicated issue in translation education and translator training, this fine book offers a solid solution and multimodal approach on how to marry academia and industry when it comes to translation production. Mitchell-Schuitevoerder provides a rich and varied look into the concepts at stake, the technology at play, and the manner in which to gather skills, insight, and experience in delivering translation projects in a professional manner.

Christophe Declercq, KU Leuven, Belgium

List of figures
xii
List of tables
xiv
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvi
List of abbreviations
xvii
Glossary xix
Introduction for instructors xxiv
Introduction for students and translators xxxi
1 Computer-aided translation tools and translation project management
1(24)
Key concepts
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
1.1 Translation environment tools (TEnT)
2(1)
1.2 Compatibility
2(2)
1.3 Translation memory
4(2)
Food for thought...
6(1)
1.4 File management
6(4)
1.4.1 Filenames
7(3)
1.5 From Microsoft to CAT tools
10(2)
1.5.1 The ribbon
10(1)
1.5.2 Keyboard shortcuts
11(1)
1.6 The CAT tool
12(3)
1.6.1 CAT tool features
12(1)
1.6.2 Standalone and web-based CAT tools
13(1)
1.6.3 CAT tools and cognitive ergonomics
14(1)
Food for thought...
15(1)
1.7 Translation project management
15(6)
1.7.1 Volume and demands
15(1)
1.7.2 Translation workflow
16(1)
1.7.3 The translator in the workflow
17(1)
1.7.4 Project management by the language service provider
18(1)
1.7.5 Project-based assignments and project management
19(1)
1.7.6 Human resources database
20(1)
1.8 Cognitive friction
21(1)
Project-based assignment
22(1)
Concluding remarks
23(1)
Further reading
24(1)
2 The translation memory database
25(26)
Key concepts
25(1)
Introduction
25(1)
2.1 Creating a translation memory database
26(2)
Food for thought...
28(8)
2.1.1 Segmentation
28(2)
2.1.2 The concordance and consistency
30(3)
2.1.3 The analysis feature and fees
33(3)
Food for thought...
36(1)
2.2 Metadata and subsegment matching
36(2)
2.3 Boosting the translation memory
38(3)
2.3.1 Alignment
39(1)
2.3.2 Translation memory and reference files
39(1)
2.3.3 TMX files
40(1)
2.4 Formats
41(3)
2.5 Other functions and features on the ribbon
44(4)
2.5.1 Filters
45(1)
2.5.2 Regex
46(2)
Project-based assignment
48(1)
Concluding remarks
49(1)
Further reading
50(1)
3 Integration of machine translation in translation memory systems
51(18)
Key concepts
51(1)
Introduction
51(1)
3.1 Artificial intelligence and machine translation
52(1)
3.2 From statistical to neural machine translation in the CAT tool
53(1)
3.3 Matches from the translation memory and machine translation compared
54(2)
3.4 Machine translation -- access and integration
56(1)
Food for thought...
57(1)
3.5 Translation memories train machine translation engines
57(1)
3.6 Adaptive MT engines
58(1)
Food for thought...
59(1)
3.7 MT quality in the CAT tool
59(3)
3.7.1 Quality management
60(2)
Food for thought...
62(4)
3.7.2 How to evaluate machine translation
62(1)
3.7.3 Evaluation models and metrics
63(3)
Project-based assignment
66(1)
Concluding remarks
67(1)
Further reading
68(1)
4 The terminology database
69(23)
Key concepts
69(1)
Introduction
69(2)
4.1 Terms and terminology
71(1)
4.1.1 Glossary
71(1)
Food for thought...
72(4)
4.1.2 Term extraction
72(2)
4.1.3 Metadata
74(2)
Food for thought...
76(1)
4.1.4 Standardisation and quality assurance
77(1)
4.2 Web searches
77(2)
4.2.1 Search techniques
78(1)
4.3 Corpora
79(4)
4.3.1 Digital dictionaries
79(1)
4.3.2 Multilingual data corpora
80(2)
4.3.3 The creation of corpora
82(1)
Food for thought...
83(1)
4.4 CAT concordance
84(2)
4.4.1 External concordances
85(1)
4.5 Morphology and the terminology database
86(1)
4.6 Termbanks
86(2)
Project-based assignment
88(2)
Concluding remarks
90(1)
Further reading
90(2)
5 Human and technological quality assurance
92(21)
Key concepts
92(1)
Introduction
92(1)
5.1 Quality and standards
93(2)
5.1.1 Quality assurance and assessment
93(2)
5.2 Quality in different TEnTs
95(2)
5.2.1 Quality assurance in CAT tools
95(1)
5.2.2 Quality assessment of MT technology
96(1)
Food for thought...
97(2)
5.2.3 Web localisation and quality
97(2)
5.3 Revision in CAT tools
99(2)
5.3.1 CAT revision of bilingual and monolingual files
100(1)
5.4 ISO standards
101(2)
Food for thought...
103(1)
5.5 Revision and evaluation
104(3)
5.5.1 Human evaluation
105(2)
5.6 The post-edit of wholly or partly machine translated texts
107(1)
Food for thought...
108(1)
5.6.1 PEMT quality
108(1)
Project-based assignment
109(2)
Concluding remarks
111(1)
Further reading
112(1)
6 Digital ethics and risk management
113(19)
Key concepts
113(1)
Introduction
113(1)
6.1 Intellectual property rights (IP) and ownership
114(1)
6.2 Confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements
115(1)
6.3 Business terms and conditions in relation to confidentiality and digital security
116(3)
Food for thought...
119(1)
6.4 Data sharing and data protection
119(2)
6.4.1 Google and GDPR
120(1)
6.5 Digital ethics of shared TM and MT databases
121(1)
6.6 Risk management
122(2)
6.6.1 Our security and intellectual property rights in translation projects
123(1)
Food for thought...
124(4)
6.6.2 Risk factors
124(3)
6.6.3 Risk response
127(1)
Project-based assignment
128(2)
Concluding remarks
130(1)
Further reading
130(2)
7 Web-based translation environment tools
132(21)
Key concepts
132(1)
Introduction
132(1)
7.1 Integrated translation environment
133(3)
7.1.1 Speech recognition
134(2)
7.2 Servers and web-based CAT tools
136(1)
7.3 Digital platforms
137(5)
7.3.1 Translator platform
138(1)
7.3.2 Marketplace platform
139(1)
7.3.3 Localisation platform
139(1)
7.3.4 Translation platform
140(1)
7.3.5 Knowledge platform
141(1)
7.3.6 Crowdsourcing platform
141(1)
7.3.7 The portal
142(1)
Food for thought...
142(1)
7.4 From content to translation management systems
143(1)
7.5 Translation management systems
143(2)
Food for thought...
145(1)
7.6 Localisation of webpages and search engine optimisation
146(1)
7.7 Translation technology and the users
147(2)
Project-based assignment
149(2)
Concluding remarks
151(1)
Further reading
152(1)
Bibliography 153(6)
Index 159
Rosemary Mitchell-Schuitevoerder holds a PhD in Translation Studies from Durham University, UK, and has taught Translation Technology on the MA programmes at Durham University, UK, and Newcastle University, UK. She is a freelance translator of Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish into English, and English into Dutch.
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