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E-raamat: Pseudogapping and Ellipsis

(University of Stuttgart)
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Pseudogapping and EllipsisSuurem pilt
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This book is all about ellipsis in natural language - the phenomena in which words and phrases go missing in the linguistic signal, but are nonethe less interpreted by the receiver, eg in the following sentence, the second instance of read is understood whether or not it is spoken Claire read a book and Heather [ read] a magazine. Contemporary theoretical linguistics has described several forms of ellipsis in English, and different syntactic mechanisms have been proposed which account for their structures.

Kirsten Gengel investigates pseudogapping, which, she proposes, is one variety of ellipsis. At the heart of her discussion lies the interaction between focus and deletion. Her analysis - which draws on new research in Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, and Dutch, as well as data from Portuguese, French, and English - provides a novel approach to not only this particular form of ellipsis but to the derivation of ellipsis in general, and has the potential of unifying several elliptical phenomena in generative grammar.
Acknowledgements ix
General Preface xi
List of Abbreviations xiii
Part I Introduction
1 Introduction
3(5)
1.1 The puzzle
5(1)
1.2 Overview of the book
6(2)
2 An Overview of the Data
8(14)
2.1 Elliptical structures in English
8(8)
2.1.1 VP Ellipsis
8(1)
2.1.2 Pseudogapping
9(2)
2.1.3 Differences between Pseudogapping and VP Ellipsis
11(2)
2.1.4 Gapping
13(1)
2.1.5 Differences between Pseudogapping and Gapping
13(1)
2.1.6 Sluicing, Fragment answers, and Bare Argument Ellipsis
14(1)
2.1.7 NP Ellipsis
15(1)
2.2 Pseudogapping cross-linguistically
16(6)
2.2.1 Pseudogapping in Norwegian, Danish, and Icelandic
16(4)
2.2.1.1 Pseudogapping in Norwegian
17(1)
2.2.1.2 Pseudogapping in Danish
18(1)
2.2.1.3 Pseudogapping in Icelandic
19(1)
2.2.2 Pseudogapping in Portuguese
20(1)
2.2.3 Pseudogapping in French
21(1)
3 Previous Accounts of Pseudogapping
22(17)
3.1 Pseudogapping as an instance of VP Ellipsis
23(10)
3.1.1 A-movement analysis: overt Object Shift
23(3)
3.1.2 A-bar-movement analyses
26(3)
3.1.2.1 Heavy Noun Phrase Shift
27(1)
3.1.2.2 Focus Movement
28(1)
3.1.3 A-movement and A-bar-movement combined
29(4)
3.1.3.1 Dutch Scrambling
30(1)
3.1.3.2 The 'Eclectic' approach: Heavy NP Shift and Object Shift
31(2)
3.2 Pseudogapping as an instance of Gapping
33(3)
3.2.1 Across-the-Board Movement (ATB)
33(1)
3.2.2 Sidewards Movement
34(2)
3.3 Conclusion
36(3)
Part II Movement
4 A-Movement in Pseudogapping
39(25)
4.1 The Object Shift analysis
39(6)
4.2 The EPP as trigger for Object Shift
45(3)
4.3 Challenges for EPP-driven Object Shift
48(6)
4.4 Object Shift in the 'Eclectic' account of Pseudogapping
54(4)
4.5 Binding effects in Pseudogapping
58(2)
4.6 Parasitic gaps in Pseudogapping
60(2)
4.7 Control in Pseudogapping
62(1)
4.8 Conclusion
63(1)
5 A-Bar-Movement in Pseudogapping
64(35)
5.1 Reconsidering Binding effects in Pseudogapping
64(8)
5.1.1 Reconstruction effects
66(1)
5.1.2 Parasitic gap licensing in Pseudogapping
67(3)
5.1.3 Control in Pseudogapping
70(1)
5.1.4 Binding relations and A-bar-movement
71(1)
5.2 Heavy Noun Phrase Shift
72(3)
5.3 Syntactic Focus Movement
75(20)
5.3.1 Syntactic Focus Movement from a cross-linguistic perspective
76(8)
5.3.1.1 Hebrew
76(1)
5.3.1.2 Italian
77(1)
5.3.1.3 Hungarian
78(1)
5.3.1.4 Malayalam
79(1)
5.3.1.5 Korean `Pseudogapping'
80(2)
5.3.1.6 Syntactic Focus Movement in English cleft constructions
82(2)
5.3.2 Syntactic Focus Movement in English Pseudogapping
84(33)
5.3.2.1 Focus effects in Pseudogapping: an argument against the 'Eclectic' approach
84(4)
5.3.2.2 The landing site of Syntactic Focus Movement
88(3)
5.3.2.3 Deriving direct object remnants and PPs in Pseudogapping
91(1)
5.3.2.4 Deriving indirect object remnants in Pseudogapping
92(3)
5.4 Conclusion
95(4)
Part III Deletion
6 The Semantics of Focus and Ellipsis
99(26)
6.1 The Alternative Semantics approach to Focus
99(3)
6.2 Challenges for the Alternative Semantics approach
102(4)
6.3 Implementing F-indexing in syntactic structure
106(3)
6.4 Licensing Ellipsis with the Squiggle operator
109(2)
6.5 A challenge for semantic licensing in Ellipsis: deaccenting structures
111(2)
6.6 The concept of E-Givenness
113(4)
6.7 Challenges for the E-Givenness approach
117(5)
6.7.1 Argument alternations
117(2)
6.7.2 E-Givenness and F-marking
119(3)
6.8 A new Focus Condition on Ellipsis
122(3)
7 The Deletion Process
125(16)
7.1 The definition of the E-feature
125(3)
7.2 The E-feature in different elliptical structures
128(3)
7.3 The position of the E-feature
131(5)
7.4 The relationship between E-feature and Focus feature
136(5)
Part IV A Uniform Account of Ellipsis
8 Movement and Deletion: A Uniform Account of Ellipsis
141(29)
8.1 Pseudogapping
141(1)
8.2 VP Ellipsis
142(1)
8.3 The size of the elided structure in Pseudogapping and VP Ellipsis
143(10)
8.3.1 VP as deletion site
144(3)
8.3.2 VP as deletion site
147(6)
8.4 Phase-based deletion at the VP level
153(2)
8.5 Sluicing and Fragment answers
155(3)
8.6 Gapping
158(7)
8.7 Phase-based deletion at the CP level
165(1)
8.8 NP Ellipsis
166(3)
8.8.1 A Focus projection in DP
166(2)
8.8.2 Phase-based deletion at the DP level
168(1)
8.9 Conclusion
169(1)
9 Conclusion
170(5)
References 175(8)
Index 183
Kirsten Gengel studied English and French linguistics and literature at the University of Tübingen before joining the Linguistics Graduate School at the University of Stuttgart. She received her PhD in 2008 and continued as a researcher at the University, where her work focused on adjectives in the Romance Languages, Classifiers, and DP Structure.
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