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E-raamat: QOS-Enabled Networks: Tools and Foundations

(Juniper Networks), (Juniper Networks)
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Written by two experts in the field who deal with QOS predicaments every day and now in this 2nd edition give special attention to the realm of Data Centers, QoS Enabled Networks: Tools and Foundations, 2nd Edition provides a lucid understanding of modern QOS theory mechanisms in packet networks and how to apply them in practice. This book is focuses on the tools and foundations of QoS providing the knowledge to understand what benefits QOS offers and what can be built on top of it.

Arvustused

"My long-time friends Miguel Barreiros and Peter Lundqvist have deep experience designing modern QoS strategies, and they share that experience in this book, from modern QoS building blocks to applied case studies. Theyll equip you well for designing the best QoS approach for your own network." Jeff Doyle "An excellent overview of the fundamentals of QoS tools and their application, "QoS-enabled Networks" can serve both as an introduction and as a reference. Free from vendor-specific implementation details and configuration knobs, the book focuses on core concepts and on how to apply them to real-world scenarios, making this complex topic come into sharp focus" Ina Minei, Network Architect, Google

"This book addresses the real world scenarios faced by many telcos across the globe. Prioritisation and scheduling at the forefront of network design is key to every telcos utopia of a fully converged, multiservice network. A great resource in the designers tool kit" Phill Magill, Head of Network Innovation at Talk Talk Group

"This is the first book about QOS that I actually enjoyed reading precisely because the authors focused on real-life QoS and not in academic discussions about it." Per Nihlen, IP Network Manager, NORDUnet

"This book provides a new approach of the complex realm which is the QoS . It offers a detailed theoretical explanation of QoS mechanisms but also great case studies of concrete QoS applications. This book allowed me to better grasp complex QoS configurations such as the hierarchical CoS in BNG environment." David Roy, IP/MPLS NOC engineer - Orange France

"This book contains useful scenarios and real world case studies which expertly convert theoretical knowledge in practical application" Matheu Leonards, Head of Architecture, Finance and Risk, Thomson Reuters

"Mercifully, this book is not a dry academic dissertation on QoS. Rather, it offers an accessibly written and useful insight into the concepts and mechanisms of QoS that augment the tool kit of todays Network Engineer" Russell Thompson, Network Engineer, Telstra

About the Authors x
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations xvi
Part I THE QOS REALM
1(80)
1 The QOS World
3(10)
1.1 Operation and Signaling
4(1)
1.2 Standards and Per-Hop Behavior
5(3)
1.3 Traffic Characterization
8(3)
1.4 A Router without QOS
11(1)
1.5 Conclusion
12(1)
References
12(1)
Further Reading
12(1)
2 The QOS Tools
13(21)
2.1 Classifiers and Classes of Service
13(2)
2.2 Metering and Coloring---CIR/PIR Model
15(1)
2.3 The Policer Tool
16(1)
2.4 The Shaper Function
17(1)
2.5 Comparing Policing and Shaping
18(1)
2.6 Queue
19(2)
2.7 The Scheduler
21(1)
2.8 The Rewrite Tool
21(2)
2.9 Example of Combining Tools
23(4)
2.10 Delay and Jitter Insertion
27(4)
2.11 Packet Loss
31(1)
2.12 Conclusion
32(2)
Reference
33(1)
3 Challenges
34(23)
3.1 Defining the Classes of Service
35(2)
3.2 Classes of Service and Queues Mapping
37(3)
3.3 Inherent Delay Factors
40(6)
3.4 Congestion Points
46(3)
3.5 Trust Borders
49(2)
3.6 Granularity Levels
51(2)
3.7 Control Traffic
53(1)
3.8 Trust, Granularity, and Control Traffic
54(2)
3.9 Conclusion
56(1)
Further Reading
56(1)
4 Special Traffic Types and Networks
57(24)
4.1 Layer 4 Transport Protocols: UDP and TCP
58(9)
4.1.1 The TCP Session
61(3)
4.1.2 TCP Congestion Mechanism
64(1)
4.1.3 TCP Congestion Scenario
65(1)
4.1.4 TCP and QOS
66(1)
4.2 Data Center
67(7)
4.2.1 SAN Traffic
68(1)
4.2.2 Lossless Ethernet Networks
69(2)
4.2.3 Virtualization
71(2)
4.2.4 Software Defined Networks
73(1)
4.2.5 DC and QOS
74(1)
4.3 Real-Time Traffic
74(7)
4.3.1 Control and Data Traffic
75(1)
4.3.2 Voice over IP
76(2)
4.3.3 IPTV
78(1)
4.3.4 QOS and Real-Time Traffic
79(1)
Reference
80(1)
Further Reading
80(1)
Part II TOOLS
81(82)
5 Classifiers
83(18)
5.1 Packet QOS Markings
84(1)
5.2 Inbound Interface Information
85(2)
5.3 Deep Packet Inspection
87(1)
5.4 Selecting Classifiers
88(1)
5.5 The QOS Network Perspective
89(3)
5.6 MPLS DiffServ-TE
92(2)
5.7 Mixing Different QOS Realms
94(5)
5.8 Conclusion
99(2)
References
100(1)
6 Policing and Shaping
101(16)
6.1 Token Buckets
101(5)
6.2 Traffic Bursts
106(3)
6.3 Dual-Rate Token Buckets
109(1)
6.4 Shapers and Leaky Buckets
110(2)
6.5 Excess Traffic and Oversubscription
112(1)
6.6 Comparing and Applying Policer and Shaper Tools
113(3)
6.7 Conclusion
116(1)
Reference
116(1)
7 Queuing and Scheduling
117(26)
7.1 Queuing and Scheduling Concepts
117(2)
7.2 Packets and Cellification
119(2)
7.3 Different Types of Queuing Disciplines
121(1)
7.4 FIFO
121(2)
7.5 FQ
123(2)
7.6 PQ
125(2)
7.7 WFQ
127(1)
7.8 WRR
128(3)
7.9 DWRR
131(6)
7.10 PB-DWRR
137(4)
7.11 Conclusions about the Best Queuing Discipline
141(2)
Further Reading
142(1)
8 Advanced Queuing Topics
143(20)
8.1 Hierarchical Scheduling
143(3)
8.2 Queue Lengths and Buffer Size
146(3)
8.3 Dynamically Sized versus Fixed-Size Queue Buffers
149(1)
8.4 RED
150(2)
8.5 Using RED with TCP Sessions
152(2)
8.6 Differentiating Traffic inside a Queue with WRED
154(2)
8.7 Head versus Tail RED
156(2)
8.8 Segmented and Interpolated RED Profiles
158(2)
8.9 Conclusion
160(3)
Reference
161(1)
Further Reading
161(2)
Part III CASE STUDIES
163(67)
9 The VPLS Case Study
165(27)
9.1 High-Level Case Study Overview
166(1)
9.2 Virtual Private Networks
167(1)
9.3 Service Overview
168(2)
9.4 Service Technical Implementation
170(1)
9.5 Network Internals
171(1)
9.6 Classes of Service and Queue Mapping
172(2)
9.7 Classification and Trust Borders
174(1)
9.8 Admission Control
175(1)
9.9 Rewrite Rules
176(3)
9.10 Absorbing Traffic Bursts at the Egress
179(1)
9.11 Queues and Scheduling at Core-Facing Interfaces
179(3)
9.12 Queues and Scheduling at Customer-Facing Interfaces
182(1)
9.13 Tracing a Packet through the Network
183(3)
9.14 Adding More Services
186(2)
9.15 Multicast Traffic
188(2)
9.16 Using Bandwidth Reservations
190(1)
9.17 Conclusion
191(1)
Further Reading
191(1)
10 Case Study QOS in the Data Center
192(16)
10.1 The New Traffic Model for Modern Data Centers
192(4)
10.2 The Industry Consensus about Data Center Design
196(3)
10.3 What Causes Congestion in the Data Center?
199(6)
10.3.1 Oversubscription versus Microbursts
199(3)
10.3.2 TCP Incast Problem
202(3)
10.4 Conclusions
205(3)
Further Reading
207(1)
11 Case Study IP RAN and Mobile Backhaul QOS
208(20)
11.1 Evolution from 2G to 4G
208(1)
11.2 2G Network Components
209(2)
11.3 Traffic on 2G Networks
211(1)
11.4 3G Network Components
211(4)
11.5 Traffic on 3G Networks
215(1)
11.6 LTE Network Components
216(3)
11.7 LTE Traffic Types
219(1)
11.8 LTE Traffic Classes
220(4)
11.9 Conclusion
224(4)
References
227(1)
Further Reading
227(1)
12 Conclusion
228(2)
Index 230
Miguel Barreiros is the Data Center Practice Lead at Juniper Networks responsible for the EMEA region. Previously he was a Senior Solutions Consultant focused on both Data Centers and IP/MPLS networks Since he joined Juniper Networks in 2006 he has been focused in the creation and development of solutions, and involved in projects that span all stages of building and expanding networks, from design and testing through implementation and ongoing maintenance. He began his networking career in 2000, when as a hobby he was network administrator for a British multiplayer gaming website that hosted network servers for various video games. Miguel has a B.Sc. degree in Electronics and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico. He holds Juniper Networks Certificate Internet Expert (JNCIE) 193 and is a Juniper Networks Certified Instructor.

Peter Lundqvist, Systems Engineer, Arista Networks, Sweden Peter Lundqvist works in system engineering at Arista Networks since May 2014. Prior to this, he was a senior Beta Engineer at Juniper Networks, supporting the field test and rollout of new features and solutions before they are public available. He has been responsible for the testing of several of the newly deployed QOS features.  Before working in the Engineering department, Peter worked as professional services engineer, in network design and implementation of large-scale networks, several of them including QOS features. Peter worked for more than 13 years at Juniper Networks, prior to which he worked in Cisco Systems as Consulting Engineer.