Preface |
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x | |
About the Author |
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xvi | |
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xviii | |
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Part 1 Framing Qualitative Inquiry: Theory Informs Practice, Practice Informs Theory |
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1 | (242) |
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Chapter 1 The Nature, Niche, Value, and Fruit of Qualitative Inquiry |
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2 | (43) |
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Book Overview and Chapter Preview |
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2 | (1) |
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Module 1 How Qualitative Inquiry Contributes to Our Understanding of the World |
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3 | (11) |
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Module 2 What Makes Qualitative Data Qualitative |
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14 | (7) |
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Module 3 Making Methods Decisions |
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21 | (15) |
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Module 4 The Fruit of Qualitative Methods: Chapter Summary and Conclusion |
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36 | (9) |
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44 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Strategic Themes in Qualitative Inquiry |
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45 | (40) |
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45 | (3) |
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Module 5 Strategic Design Principles for Qualitative Inquiry |
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48 | (6) |
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Module 6 Strategic Principles Guiding Data Collection and Fieldwork |
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54 | (9) |
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Module 7 Strategic Principles for Qualitative Analysis and Reporting Findings |
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63 | (12) |
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Module 8 Integrating the 12 Strategic Qualitative Principles in Practice: Chapter Summary and Conclusion |
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75 | (10) |
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83 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Variety of Qualitative Inquiry Frameworks: Paradigmatic, Philosophical, and Theoretical Orientations |
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85 | (84) |
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85 | (2) |
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Module 9 Understanding the Paradigms Debate: Quants Versus Quals |
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87 | (9) |
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Module 10 Introduction to Qualitative Inquiry Frameworks |
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96 | (4) |
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Module 11 Ethnography and Autoethnography |
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100 | (5) |
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Module 12 Positivism, Postpositivism, Empiricism, and Foundationalist Epistemologies |
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105 | (4) |
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Module 13 Grounded Theory and Realism |
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109 | (6) |
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Module 14 Phenomenology and Heuristic Inquiry |
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115 | (6) |
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Module 15 Social Constructionism, Constructivism, Postmodernism, and Narrative Inquiry |
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121 | (11) |
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Module 16 Ethnomethodology, Semiotics, Symbolic Interaction, and Hermeneutics |
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132 | (7) |
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Module 17 Systems Theory and Complexity Theory |
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139 | (13) |
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Module 18 Pragmatism, Generic Qualitative Inquiry, and Utilization-Focused Evaluation |
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152 | (6) |
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Module 19 Patterns and Themes Across Inquiry Frameworks: Chapter Summary and Conclusions |
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158 | (11) |
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168 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Practical and Actionable Qualitative Applications |
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169 | (74) |
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170 | (1) |
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Module 20 Practical Purposes, Concrete Questions, and Actionable Answers: Illuminating and Enhancing Quality |
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171 | (7) |
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Module 21 Program Evaluation Applications: Focus on Outcomes |
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178 | (9) |
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Module 22 Specialized Qualitative Evaluation Applications |
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187 | (13) |
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Module 23 Evaluating Program Models and Theories of Change, and Evaluation Models Especially Aligned With Qualitative Methods |
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200 | (13) |
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Module 24 Interactive and Participatory Qualitative Applications |
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213 | (10) |
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Module 25 Democratic Evaluation, Indigenous Research and Evaluation, Capacity Building, and Cultural Competence |
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223 | (6) |
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Module 26 Special Methodological Applications |
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229 | (8) |
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Module 27 A Vision of the Utility of Qualitative Methods: Chapter Summary and Conclusion |
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237 | (6) |
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242 | (1) |
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Part 2 Qualitative Designs and Data Collection |
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243 | (276) |
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Chapter 5 Designing Qualitative Studies |
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244 | (83) |
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244 | (2) |
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Module 28 Design Thinking: Questions Derive From Purpose, Design Answers Questions |
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246 | (9) |
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Module 29 Data Collection Decisions |
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255 | (9) |
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Module 30 Purposeful Sampling and Case Selection: Overview of Strategies and Options |
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264 | (9) |
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Module 31 Single-Significant-Case Sampling as a Design Strategy |
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273 | (4) |
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Module 32 Comparison-Focused Sampling Options |
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277 | (6) |
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Module 33 Group Characteristics Sampling Strategies and Options |
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283 | (5) |
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Module 34 Concept and Theoretical Sampling Strategies and Options |
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288 | (7) |
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Module 35 Instrumental-Use Multiple-Case Sampling |
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295 | (3) |
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Module 36 Sequential and Emergence-Driven Sampling Strategies and Options |
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298 | (4) |
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Module 37 Analytically Focused Sampling |
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302 | (3) |
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Module 38 Mixed, Stratified, and Nested Purposeful Sampling Strategies |
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305 | (3) |
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Module 39 Information-Rich Cases |
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308 | (3) |
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Module 40 Sample Size for Qualitative Designs |
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311 | (5) |
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Module 41 Mixed-Methods Designs |
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316 | (6) |
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Module 42 Qualitative Design Chapter Summary and Conclusion: Methods Choices and Decisions |
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322 | (5) |
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326 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Fieldwork Strategies and Observation Methods |
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327 | (94) |
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327 | (2) |
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Module 43 The Power of Direct Observation |
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329 | (7) |
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Module 44 Variations in Observational Methods |
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336 | (9) |
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Module 45 Variations in Duration of Observations and Site Visits: From Rapid Reconnaissance to Longitudinal Studies Over Years |
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345 | (9) |
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Module 46 Variations in Observational Focus and Summary of Dimensions Along Which Fieldwork Varies |
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354 | (4) |
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Module 47 What to Observe: Sensitizing Concepts |
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358 | (6) |
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Module 48 Integrating What to Observe With How to Observe |
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364 | (11) |
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Module 49 Unobtrusive Observations and Indicators; and Documents and Archival Fieldwork |
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375 | (6) |
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Module 50 Observing Oneself: Reflexivity and Creativity, and Review of Fieldwork Dimensions |
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381 | (6) |
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Module 51 Doing Fieldwork: The Data Gathering Process |
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387 | (7) |
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Module 52 Stages of Fieldwork: Entry Into the Field |
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394 | (6) |
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Module 53 Routinization of Fieldwork: The Dynamics of the Second Stage |
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400 | (5) |
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Module 54 Bringing Fieldwork to a Close |
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405 | (5) |
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Module 55 The Observer and What Is Observed: Unity, Separation, and Reactivity |
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410 | (5) |
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Module 56 Chapter Summary and Conclusion: Guidelines for Fieldwork |
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415 | (6) |
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420 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Qualitative Interviewing |
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421 | (98) |
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422 | (1) |
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Module 57 The Interview Society: Diversity of Applications |
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423 | (9) |
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Module 58 Distinguishing Interview Approaches and Types of Interviews |
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432 | (12) |
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Module 59 Question Options and Skilled Question Formulation |
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444 | (13) |
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Module 60 Rapport, Neutrality, and the Interview Relationship |
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457 | (18) |
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Module 61 Interviewing Groups and Cross-Cultural Interviewing |
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475 | (9) |
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Module 62 Creative Modes of Qualitative Inquiry |
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484 | (11) |
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Module 63 Ethical Issues and Challenges in Qualitative Interviewing |
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495 | (8) |
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Module 64 Personal Reflections on Interviewing, and Chapter Summary and Conclusion |
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503 | (16) |
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517 | (2) |
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Part 3 Analysis, Interpretation, and Reporting |
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519 | (225) |
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Chapter 8 Qualitative Analysis and Interpretation |
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520 | (132) |
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520 | (1) |
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Module 65 Establishing a Strong Foundation for Qualitative Analysis: Covering the Basics |
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521 | (12) |
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Module 66 Thick Description and Case Studies: The Bedrock of Qualitative Analysis |
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533 | (8) |
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Module 67 Qualitative Analysis Approaches: Identifying Patterns and Themes |
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541 | (12) |
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Module 68 The Intellectual and Operational Work of Analysis |
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553 | (7) |
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Module 69 Logical and Matrix Analyses, and Synthesizing Qualitative Studies |
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560 | (10) |
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Module 70 Interpreting Findings, Determining Substantive Significance, Elucidating Phenomenological Essence, and Hermeneutic Interpretation |
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570 | (12) |
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Module 71 Causal Explanation Thorough Qualitative Analysis |
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582 | (14) |
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Module 72 New Analysis Directions: Contribution Analysis, Participatory Analysis, and Qualitative Counterfactuals |
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596 | (7) |
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Module 73 Writing Up and Reporting Findings, Including Using Visuals |
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603 | (17) |
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Module 74 Special Analysis and Reporting Issues: Mixed Methods, Focused Communication, Principles-Focused Report Exemplar, and Creativity |
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620 | (10) |
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Module 75 Chapter Summary and Conclusion, Plus Case Study Exhibits |
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630 | (22) |
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650 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Enhancing the Quality and Credibility of Qualitative Studies |
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652 | (92) |
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652 | (1) |
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Module 76 Analytical Processes for Enhancing Credibility: Systematically Engaging and Questioning the Data |
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653 | (8) |
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Module 77 Four Triangulation Processes for Enhancing Credibility |
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661 | (16) |
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Module 78 Alternative and Competing Criteria for Judging the Quality of Qualitative Inquiries, Part 1: Universal Criteria and Traditional Scientific Research Versus Constructivist Criteria |
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677 | (10) |
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Module 79 Alternative and Competing Criteria, Part 2: Artistic, Participatory, Critical Change, Systems, Pragmatic, and Mixed Criteria |
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687 | (13) |
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Module 80 Credibility of the Inquirer |
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700 | (10) |
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Module 81 Generalizations, Extrapolations, Transferability, Principles, and Lessons Learned |
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710 | (12) |
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Module 82 Enhancing the Credibility and Utility of Qualitative Inquiry by Addressing Philosophy of Science Issues |
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722 | (22) |
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742 | (2) |
References |
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744 | (28) |
Author Index |
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772 | (15) |
Subject Index |
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787 | |