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E-raamat: Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Analytical Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Approach, Second Edition

(Gdansk University of Technology, Poland)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Analytical Chemistry
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Mar-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315294995
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Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Analytical Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Approach, Second EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Analytical Chemistry
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Mar-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315294995
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The second edition defines the tools used in QA/QC, especially the application of statistical tools during analytical data treatment. Clearly written and logically organized, it takes a generic approach applicable to any field of analysis. The authors begin with the theory behind quality control systems, then detail validation parameter measurements, the use of statistical tests, counting the margin of error, uncertainty estimation, traceability, reference materials, proficiency tests, and method validation. New chapters cover internal quality control and equivalence method, changes in the regulatory environment are reflected throughout, and many new examples have been added to the second edition.

Arvustused

"Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Analytical Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Approach extends and improves with its special practical view the spectrum of existing QA/QC textbooks. It is well written, clearly organized, and characterized by many examples from daily analytical activities, and, therefore, good to understand... This monograph gives an excellent opportunity with its understandable style not only to understand terms and approach of QA/QC but also to enable a founded approach to concrete own calculations by numerous examples from real-world analytical chemistry."

- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Journal, Nov. 2018

Preface ix
About the Authors xi
List of Abbreviations
xiii
Chapter 1 Basic Notions of Statistics
1(36)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Distributions of Random Variables
1(2)
1.2.1 Characterization of Distributions
1(2)
1.3 Measures of Location
3(2)
1.4 Measures of Dispersion
5(2)
1.5 Measures of Asymmetry
7(1)
1.6 Measures of Concentration
8(1)
1.7 Statistical Hypothesis Testing
9(1)
1.8 Statistical Tests
10(22)
1.8.1 Confidence Interval Method
10(3)
1.8.2 Critical Range Method
13(1)
1.8.3 Dixon's Q Test
14(2)
1.8.4 Chi Square Test
16(1)
1.8.5 Snedecor's F Test
16(1)
1.8.6 Hartley's Fmax Test
17(1)
1.8.7 Bartlett's Test
18(2)
1.8.8 Morgan's Test
20(1)
1.8.9 Student's t Test
21(2)
1.8.10 Cochran--Cox C Test
23(1)
1.8.11 Aspin--Welch Test
24(1)
1.8.12 Cochran's Test
25(1)
1.8.13 Grubbs' Test
26(2)
1.8.14 Hampel's Test
28(1)
1.8.15 Z-Score
29(1)
1.8.16 En Score
30(1)
1.8.17 Mandel's h Test
30(2)
1.8.18 Kolmogorov--Smirnov Test
32(1)
1.9 Linear Regression
32(2)
1.10 Significant Digits: Rules of Rounding
34(3)
References
35(2)
Chapter 2 Quality of Analytical Results
37(8)
2.1 Definitions
37(1)
2.2 Introduction
37(1)
2.3 Quality Assurance System
38(4)
2.4 Conclusion
42(3)
References
42(3)
Chapter 3 Internal Quality Control
45(20)
3.1 Definition
45(1)
3.2 Introduction
45(1)
3.3 Quality Control in the Laboratory
45(2)
3.4 Control Charts
47(16)
3.4.1 Shewhart Charts
47(1)
3.4.2 Shewhart Chart Preparation
48(1)
3.4.3 Shewhart Chart Analysis
49(6)
3.4.4 Types of Control Charts
55(7)
3.4.5 Control Samples
62(1)
3.5 Conclusion
63(2)
References
64(1)
Chapter 4 Traceability
65(8)
4.1 Definitions
65(1)
4.2 Introduction
65(2)
4.3 The Role of Traceability in Quality Assurance/Quality Control Systems
67(4)
4.4 Conclusion
71(2)
References
72(1)
Chapter 5 Uncertainty
73(20)
5.1 Definitions
73(1)
5.2 Introduction
74(1)
5.3 Methods of Estimating Measurement Uncertainty
75(8)
5.3.1 Procedure for Estimating the Measurement Uncertainty According to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
75(8)
5.4 Tools Used for Uncertainty Estimation
83(1)
5.5 Uncertainty and Confidence Interval
84(2)
5.6 Calibration Uncertainty
86(4)
5.7 Conclusion
90(3)
References
90(3)
Chapter 6 Reference Materials
93(28)
6.1 Definitions
93(1)
6.2 Introduction
93(5)
6.3 Parameters that Characterize RMs
98(3)
6.3.1 General Information
98(1)
6.3.2 Representativeness
98(1)
6.3.3 Homogeneity
98(1)
6.3.4 Stability
99(1)
6.3.5 Certified Value
100(1)
6.4 Practical Application of CRMs
101(16)
6.5 Conclusion
117(4)
References
118(3)
Chapter 7 Interlaboratory Comparisons
121(36)
7.1 Definitions
121(1)
7.2 Introduction
121(1)
7.3 Classification of Interlaboratory Studies
122(3)
7.4 Characteristics and Organization of Interlaboratory Comparisons
125(1)
7.5 The Presentation of Interlaboratory Comparison Results: Statistical Analysis in Interlaboratory Comparisons
126(28)
7.5.1 Comparisons of Results Obtained Using Various Procedures
144(4)
7.5.2 Comparison of the Measurement Results Obtained in a Two-Level Study (for Two Samples with Various Analyte Concentrations)
148(6)
7.6 Conclusion
154(3)
References
154(3)
Chapter 8 Method Validation
157(90)
8.1 Introduction
157(3)
8.2 Characterization of Validation Parameters
160(73)
8.2.1 Selectivity
160(2)
8.2.2 Linearity and Calibration
162(8)
8.2.3 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation
170(1)
8.2.3.1 Visual Estimation
171(1)
8.2.3.2 Calculation of LOD Based on the Numerical Value of the S/N Ratio
171(1)
8.2.3.3 Calculation of LOD Based on Determinations for Blank Samples
171(1)
8.2.3.4 Graphical Method
172(1)
8.2.3.5 Calculating LOD Based on the Standard Deviation of Signals and the Slope of the Calibration Curve
173(1)
8.2.3.6 Calculation of LOD Based on a Given LOQ
173(1)
8.2.3.7 Testing the Correctness of the Determined LOD
174(13)
8.2.4 Range
187(3)
8.2.5 Sensitivity
190(1)
8.2.6 Precision
191(2)
8.2.6.1 Manners of Estimating the Standard Deviation
193(7)
8.2.7 Accuracy and Trueness
200(1)
8.2.7.1 Measurement Errors
201(23)
8.2.8 Robustness and Ruggedness
224(1)
8.2.9 Uncertainty
225(8)
8.3 Conclusion
233(14)
References
243(4)
Chapter 9 Method Equivalence
247(14)
9.1 Introduction
247(1)
9.2 Ways of Equivalence Demonstration
247(11)
9.2.1 Difference Testing
247(6)
9.2.2 Equivalence Testing
253(3)
9.2.3 Regression Analysis Testing
256(2)
9.3 Conclusion
258(3)
References
258(3)
Appendix 261(12)
Index 273
Piotr Konieczka (MSc 1989, PhD 1994, DSc 2008-GUT, Prof. 2014), has been employed at Gdask University of Technology since 1989 and is currently working as a full professor. His published scientific output includes 2 books, 10 book chapters, and more than 70 papers published in international journals from the JCR list ( IF = 165), as well as more than 100 lectures and communications. Number of citations (without self-citations) = 585, h-index = 16 (according to Web of Science, 16.12.2015). Supervisor or Co-supervisor of 4 PhD thesis (completed). His research interests include metrology, environmental analytics and monitoring, and trace analysis.



Jacek Namienik, MSc 1972-GUT, PhD 1978-GUT, DSc 1985-GUT, Prof. 1998), has been employed at Gdask University of Technology since 1972. Currently a full professor, he has also served as vice dean of the Chemical Faculty (19901996) and dean of the Chemical Faculty (19962000 and 20052012). He has been the head of the Department of Analytical Chemistry since 1995, as well as chairman of the Committee of Analytical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences since 2007, and Fellow of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) since 1996. He was director of the Centre of Excellence in Environmental Analysis and Monitoring in 20032005. Among his published scientific papers are 8 books, more than 650 papers published in international journals from the JCR list ( IF = 1673), and more than 400 lectures and communications published in conference proceedings; he has 10 patents to his name. Number of citations (without self-citations) = 6711, h-index = 42 (according to Web of Science, 16.12.2015). Supervisor or Co-supervisor of 59 PhD thesis (completed). Elected as a Rector of Gdask University of Technology for the period 2016-2020. His research interests include environmental analytics and monitoring and trace analysis.
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