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E-raamat: Quantitative Analysis of the Dynamics and Structure of Terminologies

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Quantitative Analysis of the Dynamics and Structure of TerminologiesSuurem pilt
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The dynamics and systematicity of terminology: this book addresses these essential and intriguing aspects of terminology, by using quantitative methodologies which have been underutilized in the field to date. Through the analysis of the Japanese terminologies of six domains and with special reference to the dynamic behaviour and the status of borrowed and native morphemes, the book reveals: (a) how borrowed and native morphemes contribute to the construction of these terminologies, and how these contributions are likely to change as the terminologies grow; (b) how borrowed and native morphemes contribute to the systematicity or systematic representation of conceptual systems; and (c) how borrowed and native morphemes are related to each other and to what extent they are mixed in constructing terminologies. It also examines the epistemological implications of applying these quantitative methodologies, which leads back to such essential questions as the relationship between terminology as a whole and individual terms and what we understand terms to be when we talk about the growth of terminologies. The book should be of interest to a wide audience, including theoretical terminologists, terminographers, quantitative linguists, computational linguists, lexicologists and lexicographers.

Arvustused

Besides its linguistic value this study makes an important contribution to the history and development of science and technology in Japan. [ ...] Besides its intrinsic value for the closer understanding of Japanese terminology, the book makes a significant contribution to the methodology of quantitative analysis of languages in general. -- Juan C. Sager, University of Manchester

Acknowledgements xi
Preface xiii
Part I Background
Chapter 1 The sphere of terminology
3(14)
1.1 Lexicology: Its definition and status
3(6)
1.1.1 The definition of lexicology
3(1)
1.1.2 Vocabulary as a concrete object of language and lexicology
4(2)
1.1.3 Vocabulary and utterances
6(3)
1.2 Terminology: Its definition and status
9(2)
1.2.1 What are terms?
9(1)
1.2.2 Terminology and terms
10(1)
1.3 Vocabulary and terminology
11(2)
1.3.1 Vocabulary and terminology as a set
11(1)
1.3.2 Characteristics of words and terms
12(1)
1.4 Quantitative approaches to lexicology and terminology
13(4)
1.4.1 Existing quantitative work on lexical items
13(1)
1.4.2 The position, framework and structure of the book
14(3)
Chapter 2 The nature of terminological data
17(26)
2.1 Terminological data
17(6)
2.1.1 The original dataset
17(1)
2.1.2 Identification of morphemes
18(2)
2.1.3 Data used in the analysis
20(3)
2.2 Distributional characteristics of morphemes in terminologies
23(12)
2.2.1 Frequency distributions of morphemes
24(3)
2.2.2 Zipf's law and the distribution of morphemes
27(8)
2.3 Term-length distributions
35(8)
2.3.1 Basic nature of term-length distributions
35(2)
2.3.2 Term lengths and types of origin of morphemes
37(6)
Part II Distributional dynamics
Chapter 3 The mathematical framework and the status of data
43(24)
3.1 The expectation of growth: A naive observation
44(1)
3.2 The basic mathematical framework
45(7)
3.2.1 The urn model
45(2)
3.2.2 Binomial distribution
47(3)
3.2.3 Frequency spectrum and expected number of types
50(2)
3.3 The standard way of estimation and the status of terminological data
52(4)
3.4 Amount of unseen items and discounting
56(8)
3.4.1 An intuitive explanation
57(2)
3.4.2 Good-Turing estimation
59(5)
3.5 Data, samples and discounting for terminologies
64(3)
Chapter 4 The dynamics of morphemes in terminologies
67(42)
4.1 Developmental profiles
67(7)
4.1.1 The sample size factor and the developmental profile
67(4)
4.1.2 Binomial interpolation and extrapolation
71(3)
4.2 Some preparations
74(7)
4.2.1 Examining the randomness assumption
74(6)
4.2.2 Re-introducing the level of terms
80(1)
4.3 The dynamics of morphemes in the terminologies of the six domains
81(21)
4.3.1 Points for observation
81(1)
4.3.2 Cross-domain observations
82(1)
4.3.2.1 Relationships between morpheme tokens and morpheme types
82(4)
4.3.2.2 The dynamics of morphemes vis-a-vis the growth of terminology
86(5)
4.3.3 Observations relating to types of origin
91(1)
4.3.3.1 Relations between morpheme tokens and morpheme types
92(3)
4.3.3.2 The dynamics of morphemes vis-a-vis the growth of terminology
95(7)
4.4 LNRE models
102(2)
4.5 Re-examining the qualitative difference in types of origin
104(5)
Chapter 5 Interpretative and epistemological examination
109(16)
5.1 The status of the data
110(4)
5.1.1 The data as the object of the study
110(2)
5.1.2 The data as a sample of the object of the study
112(2)
5.2 The dynamics of terminology: Structure and event
114(3)
5.2.1 A core theory and surrounding factors
115(1)
5.2.2 The developmental model and the evolution of terminology
116(1)
5.3 Epistemological implications of interpolation and extrapolation
117(8)
5.3.1 The "potential" data
117(1)
5.3.2 Morphemes with lost identity revisited
118(2)
5.3.3 What we have as and how we perceive the data
120(5)
Part III Tropistic structure
Chapter 6 Terminological structure and network representations
125(24)
6.1 Compounding, term formation and terminological structure
126(4)
6.1.1 From term formation to the construction of terminologies
126(2)
6.1.2 Terminology as a network of terms
128(1)
6.1.3 The status of morphemes in the terminological structure
128(2)
6.2 The tropistic nature of terminology
130(3)
6.2.1 Arbitrariness and the degree of tropism
130(1)
6.2.2 The tropistic nature of terminology
131(2)
6.3 Terminological structure and "tropistic networks"
133(7)
6.3.1 Networks and tropism
133(2)
6.3.2 Systematicity and tropism
135(3)
6.3.3 Tropistic networks and types of origin
138(1)
6.3.4 Networks, conceptual structure and tropism revisited
139(1)
6.4 Formal aspects of tropistic networks
140(9)
6.4.1 Basic notions concerning a graph/network
141(1)
6.4.2 The basic nature of tropistic networks
142(7)
Chapter 7 The tropistic nature of terminologies
149(38)
7.1 The framework of observation
151(6)
7.1.1 Aspects of tropistic networks
151(2)
7.1.2 Descriptive indices of networks
153(4)
7.2 The scope of tropism
157(12)
7.2.1 Cross-domain observations
159(1)
7.2.1.1 The scope of tropism from the point of view of the ratio of connected terms
160(2)
7.2.1.2 The scope of tropism from the point of view of the largest component
162(1)
7.2.1.3 The scope of tropism from the point of view of the distribution of components
163(3)
7.2.2 Observations from the point of view of types of origin
166(1)
7.2.2.1 The scope of tropism from the point of view of the ratio of connected terms
166(2)
7.2.2.2 The scope of tropism from the point of view of the largest component
168(1)
7.2.2.3 The scope of tropism from the point of view of the distribution of components
168(1)
7.3 The tropistic nature of the largest components
169(15)
7.3.1 The strength of tropism
171(1)
7.3.1.1 Cross-domain observations
172(4)
7.3.1.2 Observations from the point of view of types of origin
176(3)
7.3.2 Structural characteristics of tropistic networks
179(1)
7.3.2.1 Cross-domain observations
179(4)
7.3.2.2 Observations from the point of view of types of origin
183(1)
7.4 Summary observations of the tropistic nature of terminologies
184(3)
Chapter 8 The status of morphemes in terminological structures
187(32)
8.1 Methodological framework
187(9)
8.1.1 The status of morphemes in putative terminologies
188(1)
8.1.2 The morphological network
189(3)
8.1.3 Morphological networks of the actual terminologies
192(4)
8.2 Isolates and small components
196(3)
8.3 The status of morphemes in the largest component
199(15)
8.3.1 Points of observation and indices for the largest components
199(1)
8.3.1.1 Status of morphemes as seen from their locations in the network
199(1)
8.3.1.2 The status of morphemes in terms of their relative importance
200(2)
8.3.1.3 Relationships between borrowed and native morphemes
202(1)
8.3.2 The status of borrowed and native morphemes
203(1)
8.3.2.1 Conceptual versatility
204(5)
8.3.2.2 Conceptual prestige
209(4)
8.3.2.3 Mixing degree
213(1)
8.4 Summary observations
214(5)
Part IV Conclusions
Chapter 9 Quantitative approaches to terminology in perspective
219(8)
9.1 An indicative summary of the present study
219(3)
9.1.1 The theoretical framework
219(1)
9.1.2 The choice of methodology
220(1)
9.1.3 Descriptive results
221(1)
9.1.4 The epistemological framework
221(1)
9.2 Remaining issues and directions for further research
222(2)
9.2.1 Some technico-theoretical issues
222(1)
9.2.2 Structure and history
223(1)
9.2.3 Towards integrated descriptions of structural growth
224(1)
9.3 Implications for related studies
224(3)
9.3.1 Descriptive studies of terminology and vocabulary
224(1)
9.3.2 Possible contributions to applications
225(2)
Bibliography 227(10)
Author index 237(2)
Subject index 239
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