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E-raamat: Quantitative Analysis of Ecological Networks

(University of Toronto), (University of Northern British Columbia)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Apr-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108632973
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Apr-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108632973

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Network thinking and network analysis are rapidly expanding features of ecological research. Network analysis of ecological systems include representations and modelling of the interactions in an ecosystem, in which species or factors are joined by pairwise connections. This book provides an overview of ecological network analysis including generating processes, the relationship between structure and dynamic function, and statistics and models for these networks. Starting with a general introduction to the composition of networks and their characteristics, it includes details on such topics as measures of network complexity, applications of spectral graph theory, how best to include indirect species interactions, and multilayer, multiplex and multilevel networks. Graduate students and researchers who want to develop and understand ecological networks in their research will find this volume inspiring and helpful. Detailed guidance to those already working in network ecology but looking for advice is also included.

Arvustused

'Recommended.' M. P. Gustafson, Choice Magazine 'The foundations of the analysis of ecological graphs are provided in an almost encyclopedic format by two experts in graph theory. Their presentation emphasizes definitions, simple line graph illustrations, quantitative formulations, and references necessary for employing graph-theory concepts to analyze ecological communities The comprehensive review of graph-theoretic analysis by the authors is an invaluable reference for those who wish to focus on how the topology of ecosystems provides clues concerning system structure and function.' Robert E. Ulanowicz, The Quarterly Review of Biology

Muu info

Displays the broad range of quantitative approaches to analysing ecological networks, providing clear examples and guidance for researchers.
Preface ix
1 Ecological Processes and Network Systems
1(17)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Network Analysis in Ecology
1(9)
1.3 Classification of Network Questions
10(3)
1.3.1 Criterion 1: Structure-and-Function
10(1)
1.3.2 Criterion 2: Interactions
11(1)
1.3.3 Criterion 3: Dimensions of Space and Time
11(2)
1.3.4 Criterion 4: Multilayer
13(1)
1.4 Concluding Comments: Questions and Answers
13(5)
2 Structural Properties of Networks
18(51)
2.1 Introduction
18(1)
2.2 Properties of Nodes and Edges
19(11)
2.2.1 Degree and Degree Distribution
19(3)
2.2.2 Local Density
22(1)
2.2.3 Connectivity
23(1)
2.2.4 Centrality
24(1)
2.2.5 Partitions and Clusters
24(2)
2.2.6 Assortativity
26(1)
2.2.7 Subgraphs, Motifs, and Graphlets
27(3)
2.3 Methods of Network Analysis
30(20)
2.3.1 Partitioning
30(1)
2.3.2 Spectral Graph Theory
31(5)
2.3.2.1 Spectral Graph Theory and Ecological Applications
36(1)
2.3.2.2 Spectral Graph Theory: Why Does It Work?
37(1)
2.3.3 Analysis of Signed Networks
38(5)
2.3.4 Information and Entropy
43(3)
2.3.4.1 Graphlet Information Measures
46(1)
2.3.4.2 Search Information and Related Entropies
47(2)
2.3.4.3 Information Theory and Ecological Applications
49(1)
2.4 Properties Evaluated
50(9)
2.4.1 Complexity
50(3)
2.4.2 Modularity
53(2)
2.4.3 Keystoneness
55(1)
2.4.4 Hierarchies
55(3)
2.4.5 Interdependence and Choice of Properties and Measures
58(1)
2.5 Comparing Networks
59(8)
2.5.1 Probability Calculations
59(1)
2.5.2 Graphlets
60(1)
2.5.3 Kernel Function Methods
61(1)
2.5.3.1 "Kernel" versus "Kernel"
61(4)
2.5.4 Spectral Methods
65(1)
2.5.5 Dissimilarity
66(1)
2.6 Concluding Comments
67(2)
3 Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Networks
69(52)
3.1 Introduction
69(3)
3.2 Inference
72(7)
3.2.1 Sampling Networks
72(5)
3.2.2 Incomplete Data
77(1)
3.2.3 Network Inference
78(1)
3.2.3.1 Estimation
78(1)
3.2.3.2 Significance and Randomisation
79(1)
3.3 Statistical Considerations
79(5)
3.3.1 Statistics and Ecological Networks
79(1)
3.3.2 Correlation Networks
80(3)
3.3.3 Methodological Comment
83(1)
3.4 Structure and Function in Dynamic Networks
84(21)
3.4.1 Dynamic Networks: Concepts and Attributes
84(1)
3.4.2 Stability, Resilience, Robustness, and so on
84(4)
3.4.3 Relating Structure and Function Using Graphlets
88(1)
3.4.3.1 Basic Graphlets (No Directions or Signs on Edges)
89(4)
3.4.3.2 Directed Graphlets
93(2)
3.4.3.3 Signed Graphlets
95(2)
3.4.3.4 Other Extensions of Graphlet Analysis
97(4)
3.4.3.5 Comment on Network Sampling and Graphlets
101(1)
3.4.4 Analysis of Network Flow
101(4)
3.5 Causal Networks
105(14)
3.6 Concluding Comments
119(2)
4 Multilayer, -type, and -level Networks
121(43)
4.1 Introduction
121(2)
4.2 Multilayer Networks
123(14)
4.2.1 Node Degrees in Multilayer Networks
128(1)
4.2.2 Walks and Paths
128(1)
4.2.3 Centrality and Node Ranking
129(2)
4.2.3.1 Eigenvector Versatility
131(1)
4.2.4 Clusters and Clustering
132(2)
4.2.5 Spectral Properties
134(1)
4.2.6 Resilience, Robustness, and Fragility
135(2)
4.2.7 Comments on Multilayer Networks
137(1)
4.3 Beyond Multilayer
137(1)
4.4 Multitype Nodes
138(7)
4.4.1 Phenology Networks
140(5)
4.5 Multiple Interactions and Multiorder Interactions
145(10)
4.5.1 Multinode Edges
146(2)
4.5.2 Multistem Structures
148(7)
4.6 Multilevel Networks
155(2)
4.7 Multiscale Networks
157(1)
4.8 Generalising Motifs (Multinode Motifs) and Graphlets
158(4)
4.9 Concluding Comments
162(2)
5 Tying It All Together: Summary and Synthesis
164(12)
5.1 Network Thinking
164(4)
5.1.1 Structure and Function
164(1)
5.1.2 Ecological Interactions
165(2)
5.1.3 Space and Time
167(1)
5.1.4 Multilayer
167(1)
5.2 Networks: Construction and Reconstruction
168(1)
5.3 Network Complexity and Inference
169(1)
5.4 Dynamics on and of Ecological Networks
169(1)
5.5 A Conceptual Atlas of Network Concepts, Structures, and Methods
170(4)
5.5.1 It All Ties Together
170(4)
5.6 Concluding Comments
174(2)
Glossary 176(25)
References 201(18)
Index 219
Mark R. T. Dale is a Professor in Environmental Science at the University of Northern British Columbia. His research interests include the spatial structure of plant communities and the development and evaluation of numerical methods to answer ecological questions, including graph theory and network complexity. His graduate students have worked in a diverse set of systems from prairie to alpine and at a range of spatial scales from plant neighbour competition to landscape disturbance patterns. He wrote Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology (Cambridge 1999), and Applying Graph Theory in Ecological Research (Cambridge 2017) and was co-author, with Marie-Josée Fortin, of Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists (Cambridge 2005, 2nd ed. 2014). Marie-Josée Fortin is a University Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Spatial Ecology. Her research endeavors focus on conservation biology issues. She investigates how ecological processes and environmental factors affect species persistence, species dispersal, and species range dynamics. Her research is at the interface of several disciplines (spatial ecology, conservation, forest ecology, disturbance ecology, community ecology, landscape genetics, spatial epidemiology, spatial statistics, spatially explicit modeling, and network theory) where the most important challenging problems lie.