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E-raamat: Quantitative Methods for Current Environmental Issues

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: Springer London Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781447106579
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Quantitative Methods for Current Environmental IssuesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: Springer London Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781447106579
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It is increasingly clear that good quantitative work in the environmental sciences must be genuinely interdisciplinary. This volume, the proceedings of the first combined TIES/SPRUCE conference held at the University of Sheffield in September 2000, well demonstrates the truth of this assertion, highlighting the successful use of both statistics and mathematics in important practical problems.
It brings together distinguished scientists and engineers to present the most up-to-date and practical methods for quantitative measurement and prediction and is organised around four themes:
- spatial and temporal models and methods;
- environmental sampling and standards;
- atmosphere and ocean;
- risk and uncertainty.
Quantitative Methods for Current Environmental Issues is an invaluable resource for statisticians, applied mathematicians and researchers working on environmental problems, and for those in government agencies and research institutes involved in the analysis of environmental issues.
Part I. Spatial and Temporal Models and Methods
Modeling Spatio-Temporally Misaligned Areal and Point Process Environmental Data
3(34)
Bradley P. Carlin
Andrew S. Mugglin
Li Zhu
Alan E. Gelfand
Introduction
4(1)
Misaligned Areal Data Model Development
5(6)
Example: Radon Exposure near an Ohio Contamination Source
11(7)
Misaligned Point-Block Data Model Development
18(6)
Example: Ozone Exposure by Zip Code in Atlanta
24(6)
Summary and Discussion
30(7)
References
31(6)
Space and Space-Time Modeling using Process Convolutions
37(20)
Dave Higdon
Introduction
37(1)
Constructing Spatial Models via Moving Averages
38(4)
Basic Spatial Model
42(3)
A Multiresolution Model
45(3)
Building Space-Time Models
48(4)
Discussion
52(5)
Appendix
52(2)
References
54(3)
Multivariate Kriging for Interpolating with Data from Different Sources
57(22)
H. Wackernagel
L. Bertino
J. P. Sierra
J. Gonzalez del Rio
Introduction
57(1)
Data from Different Sources
58(1)
Simple and Ordinary Cokriging
59(1)
Cokriging with External Drifts
60(1)
Cokriging Neighborhood
61(3)
Ebro Case Study
64(15)
References
74(5)
Part II. Environmental Sampling and Standards
Distance Sampling: Recent Advances and Future Directions
79(20)
S. T. Buckland
L. Thomas
F. F. C. Marques
S. Strindberg
S. L. Hedley
J. H. Pollard
D. L. Borchers
M. L. Burt
Introduction
79(2)
Standard Distance Sampling Methods
81(2)
Covariate Models for the Detection Function
83(2)
Double-Platform Methods
85(2)
Spatial Distance Sampling Models
87(1)
Indirect Distance Sampling Surveys
88(1)
Automated Design Algorithms
89(2)
Adaptive Distance Sampling
91(3)
The Software Distance
94(1)
State-Space Models for Trend
94(1)
Discussion
95(4)
References
96(3)
Setting Environmental Standards: A Statistical Approach
99(14)
Vic Barnett
Marion Bown
Background
99(3)
Setting a Statistically Verifiable Ideal Standard
102(1)
A Best Linear Unbiased Quantile Estimator
103(3)
Example: Copper Levels in River Water
106(1)
Conclusion
107(6)
References
108(5)
Part III. Atmosphere and Ocean
The Interpretation and Validation of Measurements of the Ocean Wave Directional Spectrum
113(16)
Lucy R. Wyatt
Introduction
113(1)
The Statistical Description of the Sea Surface
114(1)
Measurement Techniques
115(2)
Validation/Intercomparison Issues
117(1)
Methods Used and their Application
118(7)
Concluding Remarks
125(4)
References
127(2)
Thermal Energy Emission and Propagation from Accidents
129(18)
A. Pelliccioni
F. Altavilla
S. Berardi
Introduction
129(2)
Heat Transfer Theory
131(5)
Global Radiative Model Architecture and Application
136(4)
Comments on Model Results
140(4)
Conclusions
144(3)
References
145(2)
Development and Application of an Extended Methodology to Validate Short-Range Atmospheric Dispersion Models
147(20)
Harry Eleveld
Harry Slaper
Introduction
147(1)
Model Validation Tool
148(3)
Descriptions of Dispersion Models Tadmod and Tstep
151(1)
Results and Discussion
152(8)
Conclusions
160(7)
Appendices
161(3)
References
164(3)
Uncertainty and Sensitivity of Dispersion Model Results to Meteorological Inputs: Two Case Studies
167(40)
Joseph C. Chang
Introduction
168(2)
Model Evaluation and Sensitivity Study with Dipole Pride 26
170(17)
Persian Gulf War Exposure Study
187(10)
Conclusions
197(10)
References
199(8)
Part IV. Risk and Uncertainty
Statistics and the Environmental Sciences: Approaches to Model Combination
207(20)
Gudmund Høst
Introduction
207(1)
Statistical Framework
208(4)
Examples
212(12)
Discussion
224(3)
References
225(2)
Bayesian Analysis of Computer Code Outputs
227(18)
Marc C. Kennedy
Anthony O'Hagan
Neil Higgins
Analysis of Computer Code Outputs
227(4)
Bayesian Methods
231(3)
Windscale Nuclear Accident
234(7)
Discussion
241(4)
References
242(3)
The Realities of Decision Making on Risks
245(20)
Jim McQuaid
Introduction
245(1)
Decision Making on Health and Safety
246(2)
Changing Nature of Risk Debates
248(3)
Changing Influence of Science
251(1)
Public Responses to Risk Issues
252(1)
Features of the Public Debate on Risk Decision Making
253(3)
Risk-Based Approach to Regulation
256(2)
Risk Assessment
258(1)
Strengths and Limitations of Risk Assessment
259(2)
Concluding Remarks
261(4)
References
261(4)
Index 265


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