Preface to the Second Edition |
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xiv | |
List of Symbols |
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xvii | |
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1 Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation |
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1 | (29) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 The Nature of Thermal Radiation |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Basic Laws of Thermal Radiation |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (5) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.9 Visible Radiation (Luminance) |
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18 | (2) |
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1.10 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Surfaces |
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20 | (2) |
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1.11 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Gases |
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22 | (2) |
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1.12 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Solids and Liquids |
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24 | (1) |
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1.13 Introduction to Radiation Characteristics of Particles |
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24 | (2) |
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1.14 Outline of Radiative Transport Theory |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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2 Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory |
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30 | (31) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2 The Macroscopic Maxwell Equations |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media |
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32 | (5) |
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37 | (5) |
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2.5 Reflection and Transmission |
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42 | (15) |
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2.6 Theories for Optical Constants |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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3 Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces |
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61 | (70) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (11) |
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3.3 Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory |
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73 | (3) |
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3.4 Radiative Properties of Metals |
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76 | (8) |
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3.5 Radiative Properties of Nonconductors |
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84 | (6) |
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3.6 Effects of Surface Roughness |
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90 | (5) |
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3.7 Effects of Surface Damage and Oxide Films |
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95 | (1) |
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3.8 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Sheets |
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96 | (7) |
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103 | (4) |
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3.10 Experimental Methods |
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107 | (14) |
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121 | (5) |
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126 | (5) |
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131 | (31) |
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131 | (1) |
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4.2 Definition of View Factors |
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132 | (4) |
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4.3 Methods for the Evaluation of View Factors |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (4) |
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141 | (4) |
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145 | (4) |
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4.7 The Crossed-Strings Method |
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149 | (7) |
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4.8 The Onside-Sphere Method |
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156 | (1) |
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4.9 The Unit Sphere Method |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (4) |
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5 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces |
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162 | (36) |
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162 | (1) |
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5.2 Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces |
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163 | (5) |
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5.3 Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces |
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168 | (7) |
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5.4 Electrical Network Analogy |
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175 | (4) |
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5.5 Solution Methods for the Governing Integral Equations |
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179 | (19) |
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6 Radiative Exchange Between Partially-Specular Gray Surfaces |
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198 | (35) |
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198 | (2) |
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6.2 Specular View Factors |
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200 | (3) |
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6.3 Enclosures with Partially-Specular Surfaces |
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203 | (13) |
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6.4 Electrical Network Analogy |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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6.6 Semitransparent Sheets (Windows) |
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219 | (4) |
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6.7 Solution of the Governing Integral Equation |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (6) |
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7 Radiative Exchange Between Nonideal Surfaces |
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233 | (17) |
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233 | (1) |
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7.2 Radiative Exchange Between Nongray Surfaces |
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234 | (4) |
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7.3 Directionally Nonideal Surfaces |
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238 | (8) |
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7.4 Analysis for Arbitrary Surface Characteristics |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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8 Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection |
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250 | (13) |
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250 | (1) |
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8.2 Conduction and Surface Radiation-Fins |
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251 | (3) |
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8.3 Convection and Surface Radiation |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (3) |
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261 | (2) |
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9 The Equation of Radiative Transfer in Participating Media |
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263 | (25) |
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263 | (1) |
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9.2 Radiative Intensity in Vacuum |
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264 | (1) |
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9.3 Attenuation by Absorption and Scattering |
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265 | (2) |
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9.4 Augmentation by Emission and Scattering |
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267 | (2) |
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9.5 The Equation of Transfer |
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269 | (2) |
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9.6 Formal Solution to the Equation of Transfer |
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271 | (3) |
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9.7 Boundary Conditions for the Equation of Transfer |
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274 | (1) |
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9.8 Radiation Energy Density |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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9.10 Divergence of the Radiative Heat Flux |
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277 | (2) |
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9.11 Integral Formulation of the Equation of Transfer |
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279 | (2) |
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9.12 Overall Energy Conservation |
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281 | (1) |
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9.13 Solution Methods for the Equation of Transfer |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (3) |
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10 Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases |
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288 | (73) |
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10.1 Fundamental Principles |
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288 | (2) |
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10.2 Emission and Absorption Probabilities |
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290 | (2) |
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10.3 Atomic and Molecular Spectra |
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292 | (5) |
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297 | (7) |
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10.5 Spectral Models for Radiative Transfer Calculations |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (10) |
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10.7 Narrow Band k-Distributions |
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317 | (7) |
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324 | (15) |
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10.9 Total Emissivity and Mean Absorption Coefficient |
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339 | (7) |
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10.10 Experimental Methods |
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346 | (6) |
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352 | (4) |
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356 | (5) |
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11 Radiative Properties of Particulate Media |
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361 | (52) |
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361 | (1) |
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11.2 Absorption and Scattering from a Single Sphere |
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362 | (6) |
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11.3 Radiative Properties of a Particle Cloud |
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368 | (5) |
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11.4 Radiative Properties of Small Spheres (Rayleigh Scattering) |
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373 | (2) |
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11.5 Rayleigh-Gans Scattering |
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375 | (1) |
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11.6 Anomalous Diffraction |
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376 | (1) |
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11.7 Radiative Properties of Large Spheres |
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377 | (6) |
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11.8 Absorption and Scattering by Long Cylinders |
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383 | (2) |
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11.9 Approximate Scattering Phase Functions |
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385 | (5) |
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11.10 Experimental Determination of Radiative Properties of Particles |
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390 | (4) |
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11.11 Radiation Properties of Combustion Particles |
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394 | (11) |
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405 | (5) |
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410 | (3) |
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12 Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media |
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413 | (10) |
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413 | (1) |
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12.2 Absorption by Semitransparent Solids |
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414 | (2) |
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12.3 Absorption by Semitransparent Liquids |
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416 | (2) |
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12.4 Experimental Methods |
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418 | (3) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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13 Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media |
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423 | (26) |
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423 | (1) |
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13.2 General Formulation for a Plane-Parallel Medium |
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424 | (4) |
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13.3 Radiative Equilibrium of a Nonscattering Medium |
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428 | (5) |
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13.4 Radiative Equilibrium of a Scattering Medium |
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433 | (1) |
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13.5 Plane Medium with Specified Temperature Field |
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434 | (2) |
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13.6 Radiative Transfer in Spherical Media |
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436 | (4) |
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13.7 Radiative Transfer in Cylindrical Media |
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440 | (4) |
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13.8 Numerical Solution of the Governing Integral Equations |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (3) |
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14 Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media |
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449 | (16) |
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14.1 The Optically Thin Approximation |
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450 | (1) |
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14.2 The Optically Thick Approximation (Diffusion Approximation) |
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451 | (5) |
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14.3 The Schuster-Schwarzschild Approximation |
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456 | (2) |
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14.4 The Milne-Eddington Approximation (Moment Method) |
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458 | (3) |
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14.5 The Exponential Kernel Approximation |
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461 | (2) |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (2) |
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15 The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation) |
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465 | (33) |
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465 | (1) |
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15.2 Development of the General PN-Approximation |
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466 | (3) |
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15.3 Boundary Conditions for the PN-Method |
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469 | (3) |
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15.4 The P1-Approximation |
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472 | (7) |
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15.5 P3-and Higher-Order Approximations |
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479 | (4) |
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15.6 Enhancements to the P1-Approximation |
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483 | (9) |
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492 | (2) |
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494 | (4) |
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16 The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SN-Approximation) |
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498 | (41) |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (3) |
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16.3 The One-Dimensional Slab |
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502 | (5) |
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16.4 One-Dimensional Concentric Spheres and Cylinders |
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507 | (6) |
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16.5 Multidimensional Problems |
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513 | (10) |
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16.6 The Finite Volume Method |
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523 | (6) |
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16.7 Other Related Methods |
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529 | (1) |
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530 | (1) |
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530 | (6) |
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536 | (3) |
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539 | (26) |
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539 | (1) |
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17.2 Surface Exchange - No Participating Medium |
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539 | (6) |
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17.3 Radiative Exchange in Gray Absorbing/Emitting Media |
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545 | (6) |
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17.4 Radiative Exchange in Gray Media with Isotropic Scattering |
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551 | (7) |
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17.5 Radiative Exchange through a Nongray Medium |
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558 | (3) |
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17.6 Determination of Direct Exchange Areas |
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561 | (1) |
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561 | (1) |
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562 | (3) |
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18 The Treatment of Collimated Irradiation |
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565 | (16) |
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565 | (3) |
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18.2 Reduction of the Problem |
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568 | (3) |
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18.3 The Modified P1-Approximation with Collimated Irradiation |
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571 | (3) |
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18.4 Short-Pulsed Collimated Irradiation with Transient Effects |
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574 | (3) |
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577 | (2) |
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579 | (2) |
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19 The Treatment of Nongray Extinction Coefficients |
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581 | (63) |
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581 | (2) |
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19.2 The Mean Beam Length Method |
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583 | (6) |
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19.3 Semigray Approximations |
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589 | (3) |
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19.4 The Stepwise-Gray Model (Box Model) |
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592 | (11) |
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19.5 General Band Model Formulation |
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603 | (8) |
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19.6 The Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) Model |
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611 | (5) |
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19.7 k-Distribution Models |
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616 | (1) |
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19.8 The Full-Spectrum k-Distribution (FSK) Method |
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617 | (20) |
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637 | (4) |
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641 | (3) |
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20 The Monte Carlo Method for Thermal Radiation |
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644 | (36) |
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644 | (4) |
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20.2 Numerical Quadrature by Monte Carlo |
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648 | (1) |
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20.3 Heat Transfer Relations for Radiative Exchange Between Surfaces |
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649 | (2) |
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20.4 Random Number Relations for Surface Exchange |
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651 | (4) |
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655 | (1) |
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655 | (3) |
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20.7 Heat Transfer Relations for Participating Media |
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658 | (1) |
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20.8 Random Number Relations for Participating Media |
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659 | (7) |
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20.9 Overall Energy Conservation |
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666 | (1) |
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20.10 Efficiency Considerations |
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667 | (2) |
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20.11 Backward Monte Carlo |
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669 | (4) |
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673 | (3) |
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676 | (2) |
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678 | (2) |
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21 Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection |
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680 | (49) |
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680 | (1) |
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21.2 Combined Radiation and Conduction |
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681 | (8) |
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21.3 Melting and Solidification with Internal Radiation |
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689 | (6) |
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21.4 Combined Radiation and Convection in Boundary Layers |
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695 | (5) |
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21.5 Combined Radiation and Free Convection |
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700 | (1) |
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21.6 Combined Radiation and Convection in Internal Flow |
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700 | (5) |
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21.7 Combined Radiation and Combustion |
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705 | (2) |
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21.8 Interfacing Between Turbulent Flow Fields and Radiation |
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707 | (3) |
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21.9 Interaction of Radiation with Turbulence |
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710 | (5) |
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715 | (12) |
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727 | (2) |
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22 Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer |
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729 | (14) |
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729 | (1) |
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730 | (2) |
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22.3 The Levenberg-Marquardt Method |
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732 | (1) |
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22.4 The Conjugate Gradient Method |
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732 | (1) |
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22.5 Inverse Surface Radiation |
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733 | (3) |
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22.6 Inverse Radiation in Participating Media |
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736 | (3) |
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739 | (3) |
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742 | (3) |
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A Constants and Conversion Factors |
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743 | (2) |
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B Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces |
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745 | (14) |
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758 | (4) |
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C Blackbody Emissive Power Table |
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759 | (3) |
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762 | (17) |
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773 | (6) |
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E Exponential Integral Functions |
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779 | (3) |
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781 | (1) |
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782 | (7) |
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788 | (1) |
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789 | (3) |
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792 | (16) |
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808 | |