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E-raamat: Radiometric Temperature Measurements: I. Fundamentals

Volume editor , Volume editor (Division of Industry and Innovation, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK), Volume editor (George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA)
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This book describes the theory of radiation thermometry, both at a primary level and for a variety of applications, such as in the materials processing industries and remote sensing. This book is written for those who will apply radiation thermometry in industrial practice; use radiation thermometers for scientific research; the radiation thermometry specialist in a national measurement institute; developers of radiation thermometers who are working to innovate products for instrument manufacturers, and developers of non-contact thermometry methods to address challenging thermometry problems.

The authors of each chapter were chosen from a group of international scientists who are experts in the field and specialists on the subject matter covered in the chapter. A large number of references are included at the end of each chapter as a resource for those seeking a deeper or more detailed understanding.

This book is more than a practice guide, readers will gain in-depth knowledge in:

(1) the proper selection of the type of thermometer;

(2) the best practice in using the radiation thermometers;

(3) awareness of the error sources and subsequent appropriate procedure to reduce the overall uncertainty; and

(4) understanding of the calibration chain and its current limitations.

  • Covers all fundamental aspects of the radiometric measurements
  • Discusses practical applications with details on the instrumentation, calibration, and error sources
  • Authors are from leading national labs working in R&D of temperature measurements

Arvustused

"This reviewer was impressed by the scope and depth of coverage afforded to this rapidly developing and very important class of measurement techniques. Non-contact temperature measurement has many applications, as it avoids contamination of the measured material, can handle extremely high temperatures, and can usually (but not always) be a nonintrusive measurement method. Many of the pitfalls common in application of radiation thermometry are pointed out in these volumes, and methods for avoiding the common errors in application are given. These volumes should be a part of the library of anyone using radiation thermometry in engineering applications."--International Journal of Thermophysics

Muu info

A comprehensive look at the theory of radiation thermometry used in the materials processing industries and remote sensing
List of Contributors
xi
Volumes in Series xiii
Preface xvii
Nomenclature xxi
Overview of Radiation Thermometry
1(28)
Zhuomin M. Zhang
Graham Machin
Introduction
1(3)
Basics of Radiometric Temperature Measurements
4(7)
Types of Radiation Thermometers
11(10)
Terms Commonly Used in Radiation Thermometry
21(3)
Summary
24(5)
References
24(5)
Temperature Fundamentals
29(44)
Graham Machin
Benjamin K. Tsai
Introduction
30(1)
Primary Thermometry
30(11)
A Short History of Temperature Scales Leading to the International Temperature Scale of 1990
41(7)
Scale Realisation, Calibration and Traceability
48(7)
Uncertainty Estimation in Non-Contact Temperature Scale Realisation and Dissemination
55(10)
Possible Future Approaches to High-Temperature Scale Realisation and Dissemination
65(2)
Summary
67(6)
Acknowledgements
68(1)
References
68(5)
Theory of Thermal Radiation and Radiative Properties
73(60)
Zhuomin M. Zhang
Bong Jae Lee
Introduction
74(3)
Thermodynamics of Blackbody Radiation
77(8)
Radiative Properties of Materials
85(14)
Electromagnetic Wave Theory
99(11)
Optical Properties
110(9)
Radiative Properties of Layered Structures
119(9)
Summary
128(5)
Acknowledgement
129(1)
References
129(4)
Radiation Thermometer Designs
133(48)
Howard W. Yoon
George P. Eppeldauer
Introduction
134(1)
Design Considerations
134(1)
Basic Optical Designs
135(2)
Component Characterizations
137(6)
System-Level Characterizations
143(17)
Radiation Thermometry below the Silver Point
160(7)
Calibration of Radiation Thermometers Using ITS-90
167(1)
Thermodynamic Temperature Measurements Using Radiometric Techniques
168(8)
Summary
176(5)
References
177(4)
Calculation of the Radiation Characteristics of Blackbody Radiation Sources
181(60)
Alexander V. Prokhorov
Leonard M. Hanssen
Sergey N. Mekhontsev
Introduction
182(1)
Definitions of Principal Quantities
183(4)
Deterministic Methods
187(21)
Monte Carlo-Method
208(23)
Numerical Comparison of Results Obtained by Various Methods
231(2)
Conclusions
233(8)
Acknowledgement
234(1)
References
234(7)
Blackbody and Other Calibration Sources
241(56)
Jurgen Hartmann
Jorg Hollandt
Boris Khlevnoy
Svetlana Morozova
Sergey Ogarev
Fumihiro Sakuma
Introduction
242(12)
Fixed-Point Blackbody Radiators
254(4)
Variable Temperature Blackbodies for Temperatures up to 1,000†C
258(9)
Cryogenic/Vacuum Blackbodies
267(8)
Variable Temperature Blackbody Sources above 1,000†C
275(9)
Lamp Sources
284(5)
Summary
289(8)
Acknowledgements
290(1)
References
290(7)
Laser Optical and Photothermal Thermometry of Solids and Thin Films
297(40)
Yue Liu
Andreas Mandelis
Introduction
297(2)
Interferometric Thermometry
299(5)
Ellipsometric Thermometry
304(9)
Photothermal Radiometric Thermometry
313(10)
Thermoreflectance Thermometry
323(8)
Summary
331(6)
References
333(4)
Appendix A: Fundamental and Other Physical Constants 337(2)
Subject Index 339
From 1993 until 2023 Benjamin Tsai worked as a physical scientist at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) with research projects including the spectral irradiance scale, rapid thermal processing of semiconductor devices, heat flux, skin reflectance, UV exposure of reflectance standards, and photometry (measurement assurance program and research for luminous flux of LEDs).