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E-raamat: Rapanui: A Descriptive Grammar

  • Formaat: 240 pages
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136855566
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Rapanui: A Descriptive GrammarSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 240 pages
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136855566
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Rapanui, the language of Easter Island, is in danger of extinction. A Polynesian language, closely related to Maori, it is spoken by less than 2000 people. This description, based on recordings made in the 1980s and on information provided by the islanders, represents Veronica De Feu's determination to recored the language before it dies out.
All linguistic aspects are covered; the syntax, morphology, phonology and lexicon of the language. Just as importantly, it has been structured in such a way as to facilitate cross-language comparisons. There are over 800 illustrative sentences, each accompanied by interlinear grammatical analysis and translation. It also contains a Rapanui folk tale; in both the original and English.
This descriptive grammar provides a detailed look at the whole structure of Rapanui.
Map of Rapanui
xv
Introduction 1(8)
Rapanui -- the place and the people
1(1)
The language
2(1)
Previous descriptions of the language
3(1)
Orthography
3(1)
Alphabet
4(1)
Acknowledgements
5(1)
Abbreviations
6(3)
Chapter 1 Syntax
9(103)
1.1 General questions
9(51)
1.1.1 Sentence types
14(1)
1.1.1.1 Direct and indirect speech
14(3)
1.1.1.2 Interrogative
17(19)
1.1.1.3 Imperative
36(4)
1.1.2 Subordination
40(1)
1.1.2.1 Marking
40(1)
1.1.2.2 Noun clauses
40(5)
1.1.2.3 Adjective clauses
45(4)
1.1.2.4 Adverb clauses
49(10)
1.1.2.5 Sequence of tenses
59(1)
1.2 Structural questions
60(24)
1.2.1 Internal structure of the sentence
60(1)
1.2.1.1 Copular sentences
60(5)
1.2.1.2 Verbal sentences
65(4)
1.2.1.3 Adverbials
69(3)
1.2.2 Adjectival phrases
72(1)
1.2.2.1 Operational definition
72(1)
1.2.2.2 Dependent arguments expressed by verbs
72(1)
1.2.2.3 Adverbials modifying adjectives
73(1)
1.2.2.4 Order of modifiers of adjectives
74(1)
1.2.3 Adverbial phrases
74(1)
1.2.3.1 Operational definition
74(1)
1.2.3.2 Modifiers of adverbials
74(1)
1.2.4 Prepositional/postpositional phrases
75(1)
1.2.4.1 Operational definition
75(1)
1.2.4.2 Pre/postpositional phrases and their arguments
75(1)
1.2.5 Noun phrase
76(1)
1.2.5.1 Operational definition of NP
76(1)
1.2.5.2 Modifiers of the NP
77(7)
1.2.5.3 Multiple modifiers
84(1)
1.3 Coordination
84(4)
1.3.1 Coordinating conjunctions
84(1)
1.3.1.1 Parataxis
85(3)
1.3.1.2 Coordinated elements
88(1)
1.3.1.3 Coordinating the major categories
88(1)
1.3.2 Omission of elements
88(1)
1.3.2.1 Omission of elements under identity
88(1)
1.4 Negation
88(4)
1.4.1 Expressing negation
88(1)
1.4.2 Negative particles and their positions
88(1)
1.4.3 Single and double negatives
89(3)
1.5 Anaphora
92(4)
1.5.1 Means of expressing anaphora
92(1)
1.5.1.1 Deletion
92(1)
1.5.1.2 Deletion with mai and atu
92(1)
1.5.1.3 The third person ia
93(1)
1.5.1.4 The reflexive
93(1)
1.5.1.5 Phoric ai
93(2)
1.5.2 Domains of anaphora
95(1)
1.5.2.1 Intraclausal anaphora
95(1)
1.5.2.2 Interclausal anaphora - coordinate structures
95(1)
1.5.2.3 Interclausal anaphora - subordinate structures
96(1)
1.6 Reflexive
96(2)
1.6.1 No reflexive pronoun
96(1)
1.6.2 The scope of reflexivity
97(1)
1.6.3 Antecedent and reflexive
97(1)
1.6.3.1 Antecedent
97(1)
1.6.3.2 Reflexive
97(1)
1.7 Reciprocals
98(1)
1.8 Comparison
99(3)
1.8.1 Structures of comparison
99(1)
1.8.1.1 Comparative + parameter
100(1)
1.8.1.2 Comparative + prepositional phrase
100(1)
1.8.1.3 `Better' and `smaller'
100(1)
1.8.2 Omission of elements
101(1)
1.8.3 Elements optionally omitted in comparative structures
101(1)
1.8.4 Elements that cannot be omitted in comparative structures
101(1)
1.8.5 Elements that must be omitted in comparative structures
101(1)
1.8.6 Differences between types
101(1)
1.8.7 Correlative comparison
101(1)
1.9 Equatives
102(1)
1.10 Possession
102(1)
1.10.1 Expression of possession
102(1)
1.10.2 Alienable/inalienable possession
102(1)
1.10.3 Temporary/permanent possession
102(1)
1.10.4 Possession relative to different objects
102(1)
1.10.5 Past and present possession
103(1)
1.11 Emphasis/focus
103(4)
1.11.1 Sentential emphasis
103(1)
1.11.1.1 Non-contradictory emphasis
103(1)
1.11.1.2 Contradictory emphasis
103(1)
1.11.2 Constituent emphasis
104(1)
1.11.2.1 Contrastive/non-contrastive emphasis
104(2)
1.11.3 Focus of yes/no question
106(1)
1.12 Topic
107(3)
1.12.1 Means of indicating topic
107(1)
1.12.1.1 The particle ko and the pronoun ia
107(1)
1.12.1.2 Movement
107(1)
1.12.1.3 Dislocation
107(1)
1.12.2 Topicalized elements
108(1)
1.12.2.1 Noun phrases topicalized by ko
108(1)
1.12.2.2 Elements topicalized by ia
108(1)
1.12.2.3 Elements topicalized by movement
109(1)
1.12.2.4 Other characteristics of topicalization
109(1)
1.12.3 Regular topicalization
110(1)
1.13 Heavy shift
110(1)
1.14 Minor sentence types
110(1)
1.14.1 Exclamations with ko and ka
110(1)
1.15 Operational definitions
110(2)
1.15.1 Noun
110(1)
1.15.2 Pronoun
110(1)
1.15.3 Verb
111(1)
1.15.4 Adjective
111(1)
1.15.5 Pre/postposition
111(1)
1.15.6 Numerals/quantifiers
111(1)
Chapter 2 Morphology
112(70)
2.1 Inflection
112(64)
2.1.1 Noun inflection
112(1)
2.1.1.1 Syntactic and semantic functions of the noun phrase
112(1)
2.1.1.2 Marking syntactic functions
113(5)
2.1.1.3 Syntactic expressions with non-finite verbs
118(1)
2.1.1.4 Expression of semantic functions
119(6)
2.1.1.5 Location in space
125(4)
2.1.1.6 Location in time
129(6)
2.1.1.7 Double case marking
135(1)
2.1.1.8 Number marking
135(1)
2.1.1.9 Classes and genders
136(1)
2.1.1.10 Definiteness
136(2)
2.1.1.11 Indefiniteness
138(1)
2.1.1.12 Referential and non-referential indefiniteness
139(1)
2.1.1.13 Genericness in noun phrases
139(1)
2.1.2 Pronouns
140(1)
2.1.2.1 Personal pronouns
140(3)
2.1.2.2 Reflexive pronouns
143(1)
2.1.2.3 Reciprocal pronouns
143(1)
2.1.2.4 Possessive pronouns
144(1)
2.1.2.5 Demonstratives
145(4)
2.1.2.6 Interrogatives
149(1)
2.1.2.7 Relatives
150(1)
2.1.3 Verb morphology
150(1)
2.1.3.1 Voice
150(3)
2.1.3.2 Tense
153(7)
2.1.3.3 Aspect
160(3)
2.1.3.4 Mood
163(3)
2.1.3.5 Finite and non-finite
166(1)
2.1.3.6 Person and number
166(1)
2.1.3.7 Marking of repetition of verbal strings
167(1)
2.1.4 Adjectives
168(1)
2.1.4.1 Predicative and attributive
168(1)
2.1.4.2 Absolute and contingent
168(1)
2.1.4.3 Adjectival agreement
168(1)
2.1.4.4 Comparison
168(1)
2.1.4.5 Degrees of quality
169(1)
2.1.4.6 Predicative adjectives
170(1)
2.1.5 Prepositions and postpositions
170(1)
2.1.5.1 Preposition + pronoun with mo/ma
170(1)
2.1.6 Numerals and quantifiers
170(1)
2.1.6.1 Counting forms
170(1)
2.1.6.2 Cardinal numbers as attributes
171(1)
2.1.6.3 Special numbers
172(1)
2.1.6.4 Ordinal numbers
172(1)
2.1.6.5 Numeral derivations
173(1)
2.1.6.6 Other quantifers
173(2)
2.1.7 Adverbs
175(1)
2.1.7.1 Comparison
176(1)
2.1.8 Clitics
176(1)
2.2 Derivational morphology
176(6)
2.2.1 Reduplication, causatives, deverbatives
176(1)
2.2.1.1 Nouns from nouns
177(1)
2.2.1.2 Nouns from verbs
177(1)
2.2.1.3 Nouns from adjectives
178(1)
2.2.1.4 Nouns from adverbs
178(1)
2.2.2 Derived verbs
178(1)
2.2.2.1 Verbs from nouns
178(1)
2.2.2.2 Verbs from verbs
179(1)
2.2.2.3 Verbs from adjectives/adverbs
180(1)
2.2.2.4 Adjectives from adjectives
180(1)
2.2.2.5 Complexpre/postpositions
180(1)
2.2.2.6 Compound morphology
180(2)
Chapter 3 Phonology
182(13)
3.1 Phonological units (segmental)
182(2)
3.1.1 Distinctive segments
182(1)
3.1.2 List of elements
182(1)
3.1.2.1 Non-syllabics
182(1)
3.1.2.2 Syllabics
183(1)
3.1.2.3 Sounds only in loanwords
184(1)
3.1.2.4 Restrictions on occurrence in wordclasses
184(1)
3.2 Phonotactics
184(2)
3.2.1 Consonant combinations
184(1)
3.2.1.1 Wordfinal consonants
184(1)
3.2.1.2 Wordinitial consonants
184(1)
3.2.2 Consonant clusters
185(1)
3.2.3 Vowel combinations
185(1)
3.2.3.1 Wordfinal vowels
185(1)
3.2.3.2 Wordinitial vowels
185(1)
3.2.3.3 Sequences of vowels
185(1)
3.2.4 Lexical structure and word structure
186(1)
3.2.5 Syllable structure
186(1)
3.2.5.1 Division into syllables
186(1)
3.2.5.2 Canonical syllable type
186(1)
3.3 Suprasegmentals
186(4)
3.3.1 Length
186(1)
3.3.1.1 Length in vowels
186(1)
3.3.2 Stress
187(1)
3.3.2.1 The role of stress
187(1)
3.3.2.2 Stress and length
187(1)
3.3.2.3 Stress and duplication
187(1)
3.3.2.4 Position of stress
188(1)
3.3.2.5 Exceptions to penultimate stress
188(1)
3.3.3 Pitch
188(1)
3.3.4 Intonation
188(1)
3.3.4.1 Intonation peak
189(1)
3.3.4.2 Emphatic
189(1)
3.3.4.3 Syntatic repercussions
190(1)
3.4 Morphophonology (segmental)
190(4)
3.4.1 Metathesis
190(1)
3.4.2 Deletion and insertion
190(1)
3.4.2.1 Deletion processes
190(1)
3.4.2.2 Insertion processes
191(1)
3.4.3 Reduplication
191(3)
3.5 Morphophonology (suprasegmental)
194(1)
3.5.1.2 Change of stress and stress assignment
194(1)
Chapter 4 Ideophones And Interjections
195(2)
4.1 Ideophones
195(1)
4.2 Interjections
196(1)
Chapter 5 Lexicon
197(12)
5.1 Structured semantic fields
197(6)
5.1.1 Kinship
197(1)
5.1.1.1 By blood
197(1)
5.1.1.2 By partial blood
197(1)
5.1.1.3 By marriage
197(1)
5.1.1.4 By adoption
198(1)
5.1.2 Colour terminology
198(1)
5.1.3 Body parts
198(2)
5.1.4 Cooking terminology
200(1)
5.1.5 Tools
201(1)
5.1.6 Natural phenomena
201(1)
5.1.7 Stars
202(1)
5.1.8 Insults
202(1)
5.2 Basic vocabulary
203(6)
Appendix: The Story Of The Yellow Fish 209(2)
References 211(2)
Index 213
Veronica Du Feu holds degrees in Slavonic Languages from the Universities of London and Brussels. She taught general linguistics at the University of East Anglia for many years.
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