| List of Recommendations in the 9th Edition |
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xxi | |
| Preface to 11th, revised edition (9th English edition) of the Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures-Harbours and Waterways |
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xxvii | |
| 0 Structural calculations |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (8) |
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2 | (5) |
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0.2.2 Combination factors |
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7 | (1) |
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0.2.3 Analysis of ultimate limit state |
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8 | (1) |
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0.2.4 Analysis of serviceability limit state |
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9 | (1) |
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0.2.5 Geotechnical categories |
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9 | (1) |
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0.2.6 Probabilistic analysis |
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9 | (1) |
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0.3 Calculations for waterfront structures |
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10 | (1) |
| 1 Subsoil |
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11 | (16) |
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1.1 Mean characteristic values of soil parameters (R 9) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.2 Layout and depths of boreholes and penetrometer tests (R 1) |
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11 | (7) |
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11 | (6) |
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1.2.2 Principal boreholes |
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17 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Intermediate boreholes |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.3 Geotechnical report (R 150) |
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18 | (1) |
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1.4 Detennining the shear strength cu of saturated, undrained cohesive soils (R 88) |
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19 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Cohesion c of undrained soil |
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19 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Determining the cohesion cu of an undrained soil |
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20 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Determining c. in laboratory tests |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5 Assessing the subsoil for the installation of piles and sheet piles and for selecting the installation method (R 154) |
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22 | (5) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Assessment of soil types with respect to installation methods |
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23 | (4) |
| 2 Active and passive earth pressure |
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27 | (37) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Considering the cohesion in cohesive soils (R 2) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.3 Considering the apparent cohesion (capillary cohesion) in sand (R 3) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.4 Determining active earth pressure according to the Culmann method (R 171) |
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28 | (2) |
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2.4.1 Solution for uniform soil without cohesion |
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28 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Solution for uniform soil with cohesion |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.5 Active earth pressure in stratified soil (R 219) |
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30 | (2) |
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2.6 Determining active earth pressure for a steep, paved embankment in a partially sloping waterfront structure (R 198) |
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32 | (2) |
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2.7 Determining the active earth pressure shielding on a wall below a relieving platform with average ground surcharges (R 172) |
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34 | (3) |
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2.8 Earth pressure distribution under limited loads (R 220) |
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37 | (1) |
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2.9 Determining active earth pressure in saturated, non- or partially consolidated, soft cohesive soils (R 130) |
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38 | (2) |
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2.10 Effect of artesian water pressure under harbour bottom or river bed on active and passive earth pressures (R 52) |
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40 | (2) |
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2.11 Considering active earth pressure and excess water pressure, and construction guidance for waterfront structures with soil replacement and contaminated or disturbed base of excavation (R 110) |
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42 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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2.11.2 Approach for determining active earth pressure |
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42 | (2) |
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2.11.3 Approaches for determining excess water pressure |
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44 | (1) |
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2.11.4 Guidance for the design of waterfront structures |
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44 | (2) |
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2.12 Effect of groundwater flow on excess water pressure and active and passive earth pressures (R 114) |
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46 | (7) |
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46 | (2) |
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2.12.2 Determining the excess water pressure |
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48 | (2) |
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2.12.3 Determining the effects on active and passive earth pressures when the flow is mainly vertical |
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50 | (3) |
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2.13 Determining the amount of displacement required for mobilising passive earth pressure in non-cohesive soils (R 174) |
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53 | (1) |
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2.14 Measures for increasing the passive earth pressure in front of waterfront structures (R 164) |
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54 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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2.14.5 Soil stabilisation |
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56 | (1) |
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2.15 Passive earth pressure in front of abrupt changes in ground level in soft cohesive soils with rapid load application on land side (R 190) |
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57 | (1) |
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2.16 Waterfront structures in seismic regions (R 124) |
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57 | (7) |
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57 | (2) |
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2.16.2 Effects of earthquakes on the subsoil |
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59 | (1) |
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2.16.3 Determining the effects of earthquakes on active and passive earth pressures |
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59 | (3) |
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2.16.4 Excess water pressure |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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2.16.6 Design situation and partial safety factors |
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62 | (1) |
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2.16.7 Guidance for considering seismic influences on waterfront structures |
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62 | (2) |
| 3 Hydraulic heave failure, ground failure |
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64 | (9) |
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3.1 Safety against hydraulic heave failure (R 115) |
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64 | (6) |
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3.2 Piping (ground failure due to internal erosion) (R 116) |
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70 | (3) |
| 4 Water levels, water pressure, drainage |
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73 | (20) |
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4.1 Mean groundwater level (R 58) |
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73 | (1) |
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4.2 Excess water pressure in direction of water side (R 19) |
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73 | (2) |
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4.3 Excess water pressure on sheet piling in front of embankments below elevated platforms in tidal areas (R 65) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Approximation for excess water pressure |
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76 | (1) |
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4.4 Design of weepholes for sheet piling structures (R 51) |
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76 | (2) |
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4.5 Design of drainage systems for waterfront structures in tidal areas (R 32) |
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78 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Design, installation and maintenance of drainage systems |
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79 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Drainage systems for large waterfront structures |
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79 | (1) |
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4.6 Relieving artesian pressure beneath harbour bottoms (R 53) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Design of relief wells |
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80 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Construction of relief wells |
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81 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Checking the relief installation |
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81 | (1) |
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4.7 Taking account of groundwater flow (R 113) |
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81 | (9) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Principles of groundwater flow |
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81 | (2) |
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4.7.3 Definition of the boundary conditions for a flow net |
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83 | (1) |
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4.7.4 Graphic method for determining a flow net |
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83 | (1) |
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4.7.5 Use of groundwater models to determine flow nets |
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84 | (1) |
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4.7.6 Calculation of individual hydraulic variables |
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85 | (1) |
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4.7.7 Evaluation of examples |
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85 | (5) |
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4.8 Temporary stabilisation of waterfront structures by groundwater lowering (R 166) |
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90 | (3) |
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90 | (1) |
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4.8.2 Case with soft, cohesive soil near the ground surface |
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90 | (2) |
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4.8.3 Case as for section 4.8.2 but with high-level aquifer |
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92 | (1) |
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4.8.4 Consideration of intermediate states |
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92 | (1) |
| 5 Ship dimensions and loads on waterfront structures |
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93 | (75) |
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5.1 Ship dimensions (R 39) |
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93 | (10) |
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93 | (6) |
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5.1.2 River- and sea-going vessels |
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99 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Inland waterway vessels |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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5.2 Berthing force of ships at quays (R 38) |
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103 | (1) |
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5.3 Berthing velocities of ships transverse to berth (R 40) |
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103 | (2) |
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5.4 Design situations (R 18) |
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105 | (1) |
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5.4.1 Design situation DS-P |
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105 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Design situation DS-T |
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105 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Design situation DS-A |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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5.5 Vertical imposed loads (R 5) |
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106 | (4) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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5.5.5 Loading assumptions for quay surfaces |
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109 | (1) |
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5.6 Determining the "design sea state" for maritime and port structures (R 136) |
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110 | (10) |
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110 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Description of the sea state |
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110 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Determining the sea state parameters |
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111 | (5) |
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5.6.4 Design concepts and specification of design parameters |
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116 | (1) |
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5.6.5 Conversion of the sea state |
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117 | (3) |
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5.7 Wave pressure on vertical quay walls in coastal areas (R 135) |
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120 | (5) |
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120 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Loads due to non-breaking waves |
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120 | (1) |
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5.7.3 Loads due to waves breaking on structure |
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121 | (3) |
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5.7.4 Loads due to broken waves |
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124 | (1) |
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5.7.5 Additional loads caused by waves |
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124 | (1) |
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5.8 Loads arising from surging and receding waves due to the inflow or outflow of water (R 185) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Determining wave values |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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5.9 Effects of waves due to ship movements (R 186) |
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126 | (3) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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5.10 Wave pressure on piled structures (R 159) |
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129 | (16) |
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129 | (4) |
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5.10.2 Method of calculation according to Morison et al. |
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133 | (1) |
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5.10.3 Determining the wave loads on a single vertical pile |
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134 | (1) |
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5.10.4 Coefficients CD and Cm |
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135 | (1) |
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5.10.5 Forces from breaking waves |
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136 | (1) |
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5.10.6 Wave load on a group of piles |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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5.10.9 Vertical wave load ("wave slamming") |
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138 | (7) |
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5.11 Wind loads on moored ships and their influence on the dimensioning of mooring and fender equipment (R 153) |
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145 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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5.11.2 Critical wind speed |
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145 | (1) |
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5.11.3 Wind loads on moored vessels |
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145 | (1) |
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5.11.4 Loads on mooring and fender equipment |
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146 | (1) |
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5.12 Layout of and loads on bollards for sea-going vessels (R 12) |
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147 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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5.12.3 Direction of bollard pull force |
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148 | (1) |
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5.13 Layout, design and loading of bollards for inland facilities (R 102) |
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149 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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5.13.3 Direction of line pull forces |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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5.14 Quay loads from cranes and other transhipment equipment (R 84) |
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151 | (4) |
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5.14.1 Typical general cargo port cranes |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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5.14.3 Load specifications for port cranes |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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5.15 Impact and pressure of ice on waterfront structures, fenders and dolphins in coastal areas (R 177) |
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155 | (9) |
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155 | (2) |
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5.15.2 Determining the compressive strength of the ice |
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157 | (1) |
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5.15.3 Ice loads on waterfront structures and other structures of greater extent |
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158 | (3) |
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5.15.4 Ice loads on vertical piles |
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161 | (1) |
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5.15.5 Horizontal ice load on group of piles |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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5.15.7 Vertical loads with rising or falling water levels |
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163 | (1) |
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5.16 Impact and pressure of ice on waterfront structures, piers and dolphins at inland facilities (R 205) |
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164 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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5.16.3 Compressive strength of the ice |
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165 | (1) |
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5.16.4 Ice loads on waterfront structures and other structures of greater extent |
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165 | (1) |
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5.16.5 Ice loads on narrow structures (piles, dolphins, bridge and weir piers, ice deflectors) |
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166 | (1) |
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5.16.6 Ice loads on groups of structures |
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166 | (1) |
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5.16.7 Vertical loads with rising or falling water levels |
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167 | (1) |
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5.17 Loads on waterfront structures and dolphins caused by fender reaction forces (R 213) |
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167 | (1) |
| 6 Configuration of cross-sections and equipment for waterfront structures |
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168 | (70) |
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6.1 Standard cross-section dimensions for waterfront structures in seaports (R 6) |
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168 | (2) |
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6.1.1 Standard cross-sections |
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168 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Walkways (towpaths) |
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168 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Railings, rubbing strips and edge protection |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Arrangement of tops of quay walls at container terminals |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2 Top edges of waterfront structures in seaports (R 122) |
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170 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Level of port operations area with regard to water levels |
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170 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Effects of (changing) groundwater levels on the terrain and the level of the port operations area |
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171 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Level of port operations area depending on cargo handling |
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171 | (1) |
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6.3 Standard cross-sections for waterfront structures in inland ports (R 74) |
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172 | (3) |
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6.3.1 Port operations level |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Position of outboard crane rail |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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6.4 Sheet piling waterfronts on inland waterways (R 106) |
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175 | (3) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Loading assumptions |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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6.5 Upgrading partially sloped waterfronts in inland ports with large water level fluctuations (R 119) |
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178 | (2) |
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6.5.1 Reasons for partially sloped upgrades |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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6.6 Design of waterfront areas in inland ports according to operational aspects (R 158) |
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180 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Waterfront cross-sections |
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181 | (1) |
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6.7 Nominal depth and design depth of harbour bottom (R 36) |
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182 | (2) |
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6.7.1 Nominal depth in seaports |
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182 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Nominal depth of harbour bottom for inland ports |
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182 | (1) |
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6.7.3 Design depth in front of quay wall |
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183 | (1) |
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6.8 Strengthening waterfront structures for deepening harbour bottoms in seaports (R 200) |
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184 | (5) |
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184 | (1) |
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6.8.2 Design of strengthening measures |
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185 | (4) |
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6.9 Embankments below waterfront wall superstructures behind closed sheet pile walls (R 68) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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6.9.2 Risk of silting-up behind sheet pile wall |
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190 | (1) |
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6.10 Redesign of waterfront structures in inland ports (R 201) |
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190 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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6.10.3 Construction examples |
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191 | (2) |
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6.11 Provision of quick-release hooks at berths for large vessels (R 70) |
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193 | (1) |
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6.12 Layout, design and loads of access ladders (R 14) |
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194 | (3) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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6.13 Layout and design of stairs in seaports (R 24) |
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197 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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6.13.2 Practical stair dimensions |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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6.13.6 Stairs in sheet pile structures |
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198 | (1) |
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6.14 Equipment for waterfront structures in seaports with supply and disposal systems (R 173) |
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199 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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6.14.2 Water supply systems |
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199 | (1) |
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6.14.3 Electricity supply systems |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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6.15 Fenders for large vessels (R 60) |
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202 | (17) |
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202 | (1) |
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6.15.2 The fendering principle |
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203 | (1) |
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6.15.3 Design principles for fenders |
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204 | (1) |
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6.15.4 Required energy absorption capacity |
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205 | (6) |
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6.15.5 Types of fender system |
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211 | (5) |
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6.15.6 Construction guidance |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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6.15.8 Guiding devices and edge protection |
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217 | (2) |
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6.16 Fenders in inland ports (R 47) |
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219 | (1) |
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6.17 Foundations to craneways on waterfront structures (R 120) |
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220 | (3) |
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220 | (1) |
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6.17.2 Design of foundations, tolerances |
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221 | (2) |
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6.18 Fixing crane rails to concrete (R 85) |
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223 | (8) |
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6.18.1 Supporting the crane rail on a continuous steel plate on a continuous concrete base |
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223 | (1) |
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6.18.2 Bridge-type arrangement with rail supported centrally on bearing plates |
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223 | (4) |
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6.18.3 Bridge-type arrangement with rail supported on chairs |
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227 | (1) |
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6.18.4 Traversable craneways |
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227 | (3) |
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230 | (1) |
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6.18.6 Local bearing pressure |
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231 | (1) |
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6.19 Connection of expansion joint seal in reinforced concrete bottom to loadbearing steel sheet pile wall (R 191) |
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231 | (1) |
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6.20 Connecting steel sheet piling to a concrete structure (R 196) |
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231 | (5) |
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6.21 Floating berths in seaports (R 206) |
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236 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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6.21.3 Loading assumptions and design |
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237 | (1) |
| 7 Earthworks and dredging |
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238 | (43) |
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7.1 Dredging in front of quay walls in seaports (R 80) |
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238 | (2) |
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7.2 Dredging and hydraulic fill tolerances (R 139) |
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240 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Dredging tolerances |
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240 | (2) |
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7.3 Hydraulic filling of port areas for planned waterfront structures (R 81) |
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242 | (7) |
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242 | (3) |
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7.3.2 Hydraulic filling of port above the water table |
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245 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Hydraulic filling of port areas below the water table |
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246 | (3) |
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7.4 Backfilling of waterfront structures (R 73) |
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249 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Backfilling in the dry |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
7.4.3 Backfilling underwater |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
7.5 In situ density of hydraulically filled non-cohesive soils (R 175) |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
7.5.2 Empirical values for in situ density |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
7.5.3 In situ density required for port areas |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
7.5.4 Checking the in situ density |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
7.6 In situ density of dumped non-cohesive soils (R 178) |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
7.6.2 Influences on the achievable in situ density |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
7.7 Dredging underwater slopes (R 138) |
|
|
254 | (3) |
|
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
7.7.2 Dredging underwater slopes in loose sand |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
7.7.4 Execution of dredging work |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
7.8 Subsidence of non-cohesive soils (R 168) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
7.9 Soil replacement along a line of piles for a waterfront structure (R 109) |
|
|
258 | (6) |
|
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
7.9.3 Quality and procurement of the fill sand |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
7.9.4 Cleaning the base of the excavation before filling with sand |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
7.9.5 Placing the sand fill |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
7.9.6 Checking the sand fill |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
7.10 Dynamic compaction of the soil (R 188) |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
7.11 Vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation of soft cohesive soils (R 93) |
|
|
265 | (3) |
|
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
7.11.4 Design of plastic drains |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
7.12 Consolidation of soft cohesive soils by preloading (R 179) |
|
|
268 | (7) |
|
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
7.12.3 Bearing capacity of in situ soil |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
7.12.5 Determining the depth of preload fill |
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
7.12.6 Minimum extent of preload fill |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
7.12.7 Soil improvement through vacuum consolidation with vertical drains |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
7.12.8 Execution of soil improvement through vacuum consolidation with vertical drains |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
7.12.9 Checking the consolidation |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
7.12.10 Secondary settlement |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
7.13 Improving the bearing capacity of soft cohesive soils with vertical elements (R 210) |
|
|
275 | (6) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (2) |
|
7.13.3 Construction of pile-type loadbearing elements |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
7.13.4 Design of geotextile-encased columns |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
7.13.5 Construction of geotextile-encased columns |
|
|
279 | (2) |
| 8 Sheet piling structures |
|
281 | (197) |
|
8.1 Materials and construction |
|
|
281 | (80) |
|
8.1.1 Design and installation of timber sheet pile walls (R 22) |
|
|
281 | (3) |
|
8.1.2 Design and installation of reinforced concrete sheet pile walls (R 21) |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
8.1.3 Design and installation of steel sheet pile walls (R 34) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
8.1.4 Combined steel sheet piling (R 7) |
|
|
288 | (4) |
|
8.1.5 Shear-resistant interlock connections for steel sheet piling (R 103) |
|
|
292 | (4) |
|
8.1.6 Quality requirements for steels and dimensional tolerances for steel sheet piles (R 67) |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
8.1.7 Acceptance conditions for steel sheet piles and steel piles on site (R 98) |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
8.1.8 Corrosion of steel sheet piling, and countermeasures (R 35) |
|
|
300 | (9) |
|
8.1.9 Danger of sand abrasion on sheet piling (R 23) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
8.1.10 Shock blasting to assist the driving of steel sheet piles (R 183) |
|
|
309 | (3) |
|
8.1.11 Driving steel sheet piles (R 118) |
|
|
312 | (4) |
|
8.1.12 Driving combined steel sheet piling (R 104) |
|
|
316 | (5) |
|
8.1.13 Monitoring during the installation of sheet piles, tolerances (R 105) |
|
|
321 | (4) |
|
8.1.14 Noise control - low-noise driving (R 149) |
|
|
325 | (5) |
|
8.1.15 Driving of steel sheet piles and steel piles at low temperatures (R 90) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
8.1.16 Repairing interlock declutching on driven steel sheet piling (R 167) |
|
|
331 | (3) |
|
8.1.17 Reinforced steel sheet piling (R 176) |
|
|
334 | (6) |
|
8.1.18 Design of piling frames (R 140) |
|
|
340 | (4) |
|
8.1.19 Design of welded joints in steel piles and steel sheet piles (R 99) |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
8.1.20 Cutting off the tops of driven steel sections for loadbearing welded connections (R 91) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
8.1.21 Watertightness of steel sheet piling (R 117) |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
8.1.22 Waterfront structures in regions with mining subsidence (R 121) |
|
|
350 | (3) |
|
8.1.23 Vibratory driving of U- and Z-section steel sheet piles (R 202) |
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
8.1.24 Water-jetting to assist the driving of steel sheet piles (R 203) |
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
8.1.25 Pressing of U- and Z-section steel sheet piles (R 212) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
8.2 Design of sheet piling |
|
|
361 | (44) |
|
|
|
361 | (5) |
|
8.2.2 Free-standing sheet piling structures (R 161) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
8.2.3 Design of sheet piling structures with fixity in the ground and a single anchor (R 77) |
|
|
367 | (5) |
|
8.2.4 Design of sheet pile walls with double anchors (R 134) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
8.2.5 Applying the angle of earth pressure and the analysis in the vertical direction (R 4) |
|
|
373 | (13) |
|
8.2.6 Taking account of unfavourable groundwater flows in the passive earth pressure zone (R 199) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
8.2.7 Verifying the loadbearing capacity of the elements of sheet piling structures (R 20) |
|
|
386 | (4) |
|
8.2.8 Selection of embedment depth for sheet piling (R 55) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
8.2.9 Determining the embedment depth for sheet pile walls with full or partial fixity in the soil (R 56) |
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
8.2.10 Steel sheet piling with staggered embedment depths (R 41) |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
8.2.11 Horizontal actions on steel sheet pile walls in the longitudinal direction of the quay (R 132) |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
8.2.12 Design of anchor walls fixed in the ground (R 152) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
8.2.13 Staggered arrangement of anchor walls (R 42) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
8.2.14 Steel sheet piling founded on bedrock (R 57) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
8.2.15 Waterfront sheet piling in unconsolidated, soft cohesive soils, especially in connection with non-sway structures (R 43) |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
8.2.16 Design of single-anchor sheet piling structures in earthquake zones (R 125) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
8.3 Calculation and design of cofferdams |
|
|
405 | (19) |
|
8.3.1 Cellular cofferdams as excavation enclosures and waterfront structures (R 100) |
|
|
405 | (12) |
|
8.3.2 Double-wall cofferdams as excavation enclosures and waterfront structures (R 101) |
|
|
417 | (5) |
|
8.3.3 Narrow moles in sheet piling (R 162) |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
8.4 Walings, capping beams andanchor connections |
|
|
424 | (45) |
|
8.4.1 Design of steel walings for sheet piling (R 29) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
8.4.2 Verification of steel walings (R 30) |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
8.4.3 Sheet piling walings of reinforced concrete with driven steel anchor piles (R 59) |
|
|
427 | (4) |
|
8.4.4 Steel capping beams for sheet piling waterfront structures (R 95) |
|
|
431 | (4) |
|
8.4.5 Reinforced concrete capping beams for waterfront structures with steel sheet piling (R 129) |
|
|
435 | (6) |
|
8.4.6 Steel nosings to protect reinforced concrete walls and capping beams on waterfront structures (R 94) |
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
8.4.7 Auxiliary anchors at the top of steel sheet piling structures (R 133) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
8.4.8 Screw threads for sheet piling anchors (R 184) |
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
8.4.9 Sheet piling anchors in unconsolidated, soft cohesive soils (R 50) |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
8.4.10 Design of protruding quay wall corners with round steel tie rods (R 31) |
|
|
450 | (3) |
|
8.4.11 Design and calculation of protruding quay wall corners with raking anchor piles (R 146) |
|
|
453 | (4) |
|
8.4.12 High prestressing of high-strength steel anchors for waterfront structures (R 151) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
8.4.13 Hinged connections between driven steel anchor piles and steel sheet piling structures (R 145) |
|
|
458 | (11) |
|
8.5 Verification of stability for anchoring at the lower failure plane (R 10) |
|
|
469 | (9) |
|
8.5.1 Stability at the lower failure plane for anchorages with anchor walls |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
8.5.2 Stability at the lower failure plane in unconsolidated, saturated cohesive soils |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
8.5.3 Stability at the lower failure plane with varying soil strata |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
8.5.4 Verification of stability at the lower failure for a quay wall fixed in the soil |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
8.5.5 Stability at the lower failure plane for an anchor wall fixed in the soil |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
8.5.6 Stability at the lower failure plane for anchors with anchor plates |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
8.5.7 Verification of safety against failure of anchoring soil |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
8.5.8 Stability at the lower failure plane for quay walls anchored with anchor piles or grouted anchors at one level |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
8.5.9 Stability at the lower failure plane for quay walls with anchors at more than one level |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
8.5.10 Safety against slope failure |
|
|
477 | (1) |
| 9 Tension piles and anchors (R 217) |
|
478 | (8) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (3) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
9.2.3 Loadbearing capacity of displacement piles |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
9.3.3 Loadbearing capacity of micropiles |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
9.4.2 Prefabricated raking piles |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
9.5.3 Loadbearing capacity of anchors |
|
|
485 | (1) |
| 10 Quay walls and superstructures in concrete |
|
486 | (42) |
|
10.1 Design principles for quay walls and superstructures in concrete (R 17) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
10.1.1 General principles |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
10.2 Design and construction of reinforced concrete components in waterfront structures (R 72) |
|
|
487 | (4) |
|
10.2.1 Preliminary remarks |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
10.2.3 Construction joints |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
10.2.4 Structures with large longitudinal dimensions |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
10.2.5 Crack width limitation |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
10.3 Formwork in areas affected by tides and waves (R 169) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
10.4 Box caissons as waterfront structures in seaports (R 79) |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
10.4.3 Safety against sliding |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
10.4.4 Construction details |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
10.5 Compressed-air caissons as waterfront structures (R 87) |
|
|
493 | (5) |
|
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
10.5.3 Safety against sliding |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
10.5.4 Construction details |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
10.5.6 Frictional resistance during sinking |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
10.6 Design and construction of block-type quay walls (R 123) |
|
|
498 | (5) |
|
|
|
498 | (2) |
|
10.6.2 Forces acting on a block wall |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
10.7 Design of quay walls using open caissons (R 147) |
|
|
503 | (4) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
10.7.3 Construction details |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
10.7.5 Frictional resistance during sinking |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
10.7.6 Preparation of the subsoil |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
10.8 Design and construction of solid waterfront structures (e.g. blocks, box caissons, compressed-air caissons) in earthquake zones (R 126) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
10.8.2 Active and passive earth pressures, excess water pressure, variable loads |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
10.9 Use and design of bored cast-in-place piles (R 86) |
|
|
507 | (3) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
10.9.3 Construction of bored cast-in-place pile walls |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
10.9.4 Construction guidance |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
10.10 Use and design of diaphragm walls (R 144) |
|
|
510 | (5) |
|
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
10.10.2 Verifying the stability of the open trench |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
10.10.3 Composition of the supporting slurry |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
10.10.4 Diaphragm wall construction |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
10.10.5 Concrete and reinforcement |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
10.10.6 Guidance for the design of diaphragm walls |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
10.11 Survey prior to repairing concrete components in hydraulic engineering structures (R 194) |
|
|
515 | (3) |
|
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
10.11.2 Tests performed on the structure |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
10.11.3 Tests performed in the laboratory |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
10.11.4 Theoretical investigations |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
10.12 Repairing concrete components in hydraulic engineering structures (R 195) |
|
|
518 | (10) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
10.12.2 Assessing the actual condition |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
10.12.3 Planning the repair works |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
10.12.4 Execution of the repair works |
|
|
521 | (7) |
| 11 Pile bents and trestles |
|
528 | (13) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
11.2 Calculating subsequently strengthened pile bents/trestles (R 45) |
|
|
528 | (3) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Calculation for cohesive substrata |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
11.2.4 Load from excess water pressure |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
11.3 Design of plane pile bents (R 78) |
|
|
531 | (3) |
|
11.4 Design of spatial pile trestles (R 157) |
|
|
534 | (5) |
|
11.4.1 Special structures designed as spatial pile trestles |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
11.4.2 Free-standing pile trestles |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
11.4.3 Structural system and calculations |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
11.4.4 Construction guidance |
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
11.5 Design of piled structures in earthquake zones (R 127) |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
11.5.2 Active and passive earth pressures, excess water pressure, variable loads |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
11.5.3 Resisting the horizontal inertial forces of the superstructure |
|
|
539 | (2) |
| 12 Protection and stabilisation structures |
|
541 | (46) |
|
12.1 Embankment stabilisation on inland waterways (R 211) |
|
|
541 | (6) |
|
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
12.1.2 Loads on inland waterways |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
12.1.3 Construction of bank protection |
|
|
542 | (3) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
12.1.6 Design of revetments |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
12.2 Slopes in seaports and tidal inland ports (R 107) |
|
|
547 | (5) |
|
|
|
547 | (3) |
|
12.2.2 Examples of impermeable revetments |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
12.3 Use of geotextile filters in bank and bottom protection (R 189) |
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
12.3.4 Additional measures |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
12.3.5 General installation guidelines |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
12.4 Scour and protection against scour in front of waterfront structures (R 83) |
|
|
555 | (11) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
12.4.2 Choosing a greater design depth (allowance for scouring) |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
12.4.3 Covering the bottom (scour protection) |
|
|
557 | (3) |
|
12.4.4 Current velocity at revetment due to propeller wash |
|
|
560 | (4) |
|
12.4.5 Designing bottom protection |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
12.5 Scour protection at piers and dolphins |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
12.6 Installation of mineral impervious linings underwater and their connection to waterfront structures (R 204) |
|
|
567 | (2) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
12.6.2 Installation in dry conditions |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
12.6.3 Installation in wet conditions |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
12.7 Flood defence walls in seaports (R 165) |
|
|
569 | (5) |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
12.7.2 Critical water levels |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
12.7.3 Excess water pressure and unit weight of soil |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
12.7.4 Minimum embedment depths for flood defence walls |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
12.7.5 Special loads on flood defence walls |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
12.7.6 Guidance on designing flood defence walls in slopes |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
12.7.7 Constructional measures |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
12.7.8 Buried services in the region of flood defence walls |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
12.8 Dumped moles and breakwaters (R 137) |
|
|
574 | (13) |
|
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
12.8.2 Stability analyses, settlement and subsidence, guidance on construction |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
12.8.3 Specifying the geometry of the structure |
|
|
575 | (5) |
|
12.8.4 Designing the armour layer |
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
12.8.5 Construction of breakwaters |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
12.8.6 Construction and use of plant |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
12.8.7 Settlement and subsidence |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
12.8.8 Invoicing for installed quantities |
|
|
586 | (1) |
| 13 Dolphins (R 218) |
|
587 | (17) |
|
|
|
587 | (5) |
|
13.1.1 Dolphins - purposes and types |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
13.1.2 Stiffness of the system |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
13.1.3 Loads on dolphins and design principles |
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|
587 | (3) |
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|
|
590 | (2) |
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|
|
592 | (1) |
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|
592 | (9) |
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13.2.1 Soil-structure interaction and the resulting design variables |
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|
592 | (7) |
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13.2.2 Required energy absorption capacity of breasting dolphins |
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|
599 | (1) |
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13.2.3 Other calculations |
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|
600 | (1) |
|
13.3 Construction and arrangement of dolphins (R 128) |
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|
601 | (3) |
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13.3.1 Type of dolphin structure |
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|
601 | (1) |
|
13.3.2 Layout of dolphins |
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|
601 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Equipment for dolphins |
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|
602 | (1) |
|
13.3.4 Advice for selecting materials |
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|
603 | (1) |
| 14 Inspection and monitoring of waterfront structures (R 193) |
|
604 | (6) |
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|
604 | (2) |
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|
|
606 | (1) |
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14.3 Carrying out structural inspections |
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|
606 | (2) |
|
14.3.1 Structural check/Principle check |
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|
606 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Structural monitoring/Intermediate inspection |
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|
607 | (1) |
|
14.3.3 Structural survey/Routine inspection |
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|
608 | (1) |
|
14.4 Inspection intervals |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
14.5 Maintenance management systems |
|
|
609 | (1) |
| Annex I Bibliography |
|
610 | (16) |
|
I.1 Annual technical reports |
|
|
610 | (1) |
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|
|
611 | (12) |
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|
|
623 | (3) |
| Annex II Notation |
|
626 | (7) |
|
II.1a Latin lower-case letters |
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|
626 | (1) |
|
II.1b Latin upper-case letters |
|
|
627 | (2) |
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|
|
629 | (1) |
|
II.2 Subscripts and indexes |
|
|
630 | (1) |
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|
|
631 | (1) |
|
II.4 Designations for water levels and wave heights |
|
|
632 | (1) |
| Annex III List of keywords |
|
633 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta