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E-raamat: Recording Science in the Digital Era: From Paper to Electronic Notebooks and Other Digital Tools

(University of Southampton, UK)
  • Formaat: 382 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2019
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-13: 9781788018449
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formaat: 382 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2019
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-13: 9781788018449

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For most of the history of scientific endeavour, science has been recorded on paper. In this digital era, however, there is increasing pressure to abandon paper in favour of digital tools. Despite the benefits, there are barriers to the adoption of such tools, not least their usability. As the relentless development of technology changes the way we work, we need to ensure that the design of technology not only overcomes these barriers, but facilitates us as scientists and supports better practice within science. This book examines the importance of record-keeping in science, current record-keeping practices, and the role of technology for enabling the effective capture, reuse, sharing, and preservation of scientific data.

Covering the essential areas of electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) and digital tools for recording scientific data, including an overview of the current data management technology available and the benefits and pitfalls of using these technologies, this book is a useful tool for those interested in implementing digital data solutions within their research groups or departments. This book also provides insight into important factors to consider in the design of digital tools such as ELNs for those interested in producing their own tools. Finally, it looks at the role of current technology and then considers how that technology might develop in the future to better support scientists in their work, and in capturing and sharing the scientific record.



Covering the essential areas of electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) this book is useful for those interested in implementing digital data solutions within their research groups.
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 Background
1(1)
1.2 The Scientific Record
2(3)
1.3 The Impact of Technology
5(1)
1.4 Current Issues in Scientific Record-keeping
6(1)
1.5 Design of Interfaces for Record-keeping and Digital Curation
7(2)
1.6 Organisation of the Book
9(4)
References
12(1)
Chapter 2 Motivations for Record-keeping
13(23)
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Early Record-keeping
14(1)
2.3 Why Do We Take Notes?
15(5)
2.4 The Role of Memory in Capturing the Scientific Record
20(12)
2.5 Conclusion
32(4)
References
33(3)
Chapter 3 Keeping and Managing Records
36(27)
3.1 Introduction
36(1)
3.2 The Record-keeping Process
37(8)
3.3 Learning to Keep Records
45(2)
3.4 Structure and Organisation of the Records
47(2)
3.5 Searching and Retrieving Content
49(3)
3.6 Linking to Data and Other Records
52(2)
3.7 Images in Record-keeping
54(2)
3.8 Record-keeping Behaviour
56(1)
3.9 The Private Nature of Notebooks
57(3)
3.10 Conclusion
60(3)
References
60(3)
Chapter 4 Digital Tools and Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
63(24)
4.1 Introduction
63(1)
4.2 Digitisation and Science
64(2)
4.3 Capturing the Data: Digitisation and Automation of Instruments
66(2)
4.4 Storing Data: Databases
68(5)
4.5 Managing the Laboratory: Laboratory Information Systems
73(1)
4.6 Digitising the Record
74(2)
4.7 Electronic Notebooks
76(2)
4.8 Capturing the Record in the Field: Electronic Field Notebooks
78(1)
4.9 Capturing the Record in the Laboratory: Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
79(3)
4.10 Working In Silico
82(1)
4.11 Conclusion
83(4)
References
84(3)
Chapter 5 Managing and Preserving Digital Research Data
87(28)
5.1 Introduction
87(2)
5.2 Reproducing Science
89(3)
5.3 Research Data Management and Digital Curation
92(4)
5.4 Metadata for Curation
96(3)
5.5 Types of Metadata
99(5)
5.6 Provenance and Identification
104(3)
5.7 Preserving the Record
107(4)
5.8 Conclusion
111(4)
References
112(3)
Chapter 6 A More In-depth Look at Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
115(25)
6.1 Introduction
115(1)
6.2 Benefits of Electronic Notebooks
116(6)
6.3 Electronic Laboratory Notebook Examples
122(5)
6.4 Experiences with Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
127(3)
6.5 Barriers to Adoption of Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
130(7)
6.6 Conclusion
137(3)
References
137(3)
Chapter 7 Moving from Paper to Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
140(20)
7.1 Introduction
140(1)
7.2 Making a Business Case for an ELN
141(1)
7.3 Overcoming Resistance
142(3)
7.4 Factors Impacting Success and Managing the Project
145(3)
7.5 Understanding the Requirements of the Project
148(5)
7.6 Selecting an ELN Provider
153(4)
7.7 Next Steps
157(1)
7.8 Conclusion
158(2)
References
159(1)
Chapter 8 Designing the User Experience
160(44)
8.1 Introduction
160(4)
8.2 Requirements Gathering
164(1)
8.3 Conceptual Models and Metaphors
165(2)
8.4 Research Roles
167(3)
8.4.1 Administrator
168(1)
8.4.2 Supervisor/Principle Investigator
168(1)
8.4.3 Researcher
169(1)
8.4.4 Collaborator
169(1)
8.4.5 Observer
169(1)
8.4.6 Teacher
170(1)
8.4.7 Student
170(1)
8.5 Personas
170(1)
8.6 Scenarios
171(9)
8.6.1 Scenario 1: Closed Research Including Interaction with a Funding Body
171(3)
8.6.2 Scenario 2: Fully Open Research Including Interaction with Global Scientific Collaborators
174(1)
8.6.3 Scenario 3: Closed Research in a Local Research Group
174(4)
8.6.4 Scenario 4: Undergraduate Practical Course
178(2)
8.7 Storyboards
180(8)
8.8 Next Steps in Designing Digital Tools
188(7)
8.9 Usability Principles
195(7)
8.9.1 Keep It Simple!
196(1)
8.9.2 Familiar Concepts and Metaphors
197(1)
8.9.3 Make Choices Visible and Let the User Correct Mistakes
198(2)
8.9.4 Appropriate Feedback
200(1)
8.9.5 Providing User Assistance
200(1)
8.9.6 Designing for Mobile Platforms
201(1)
8.9.7 Designing for All
201(1)
8.10 Conclusion
202(2)
References
203(1)
Chapter 9 Interfaces for Capturing the Experiment Record
204(29)
9.1 Introduction
204(1)
9.2 Potential Problems with Using Templates
205(4)
9.3 Templates for Capturing the Experiment Procedure
209(7)
9.4 Paper Versus Digital and the Role of Mobile Electronic Notebooks
216(12)
9.5 Alternative Interfaces for Capturing the Experiment Record
228(2)
9.6 Conclusion
230(3)
References
231(2)
Chapter 10 Creating Context for the Record Using Metadata
233(38)
10.1 Introduction
233(3)
10.2 Metadata Use in Science
236(5)
10.3 User-defined Metadata in Science
241(1)
10.4 Use of User-defined Metadata in LabTrove and Other Platforms
242(5)
10.5 Metadata Friction and the Burden of Curation
247(3)
10.6 Automatic Creation of Metadata and Smart Assistance
250(3)
10.7 Invitations to Encourage the Creation of User-defined Metadata
253(3)
10.8 Encouraging Curation at Source by Using Cues and Changing Perspectives
256(4)
10.9 Existing Interfaces for Generating Metadata
260(5)
10.10 Collaborative Metadata
265(2)
10.11 Conclusion
267(4)
References
267(4)
Chapter 11 Open Science and Sharing the Research Record
271(30)
11.1 Introduction
271(3)
11.2 Open Initiatives
274(3)
11.3 Open Science and Collaboration
277(3)
11.4 Citizen Science
280(2)
11.5 Barriers to Open Science
282(4)
11.6 Digital Tools for Open Science
286(8)
11.7 Conclusion
294(7)
References
296(5)
Chapter 12 Futures for Technology and Scientific Research
301(39)
12.1 Introduction
301(3)
12.2 Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality
304(9)
12.3 The Internet of Things and Invisible Computing
313(5)
12.4 Wearables
318(2)
12.5 Natural Interfaces
320(11)
12.6 Intelligent Scientific Assistants and Smart Environments
331(3)
12.7 Conclusion
334(6)
References
335(5)
Chapter 13 Telling the Story
340(27)
13.1 Introduction
340(1)
13.2 The Nature of the Record
341(5)
13.3 The Nature of Electronic Laboratory Notebooks
346(4)
13.4 Paper versus Digital
350(4)
13.5 Storytelling and Serendipity
354(13)
References
364(3)
Subject Index 367