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ix | |
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Table of treaties and other documents |
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xii | |
Introduction |
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xvi | |
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1 Historical development of the jus ad bellum |
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1 | (15) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (3) |
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1.5 The Hague Peace Conferences |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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2 The prohibition on the threat or use of force |
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16 | (25) |
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16 | (1) |
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2.2 The Principle of Non-use of Force under the UN Charter and Customary Law |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (14) |
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19 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Use of Force Threshold |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3.4 `Members Shall Refrain in their International Relations' |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3.5 `... against the Territorial Integrity or Political Independence of Any State' |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3.6 `... or in Any Other Manner Inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations' |
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28 | (2) |
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2.3.7 Mistake and the Use of Force |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (3) |
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2.5 The Principle of Non-use of Force and Jus Cogens |
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36 | (2) |
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2.6 Has Article 2(4) UN Charter Fallen into Desuetude? |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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3 The right of individual and collective self-defence |
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41 | (38) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2 Self-defence: the UN Charter and Customary Law |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (22) |
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43 | (7) |
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3.3.2 Object of the Armed Attack and the Protection of Nationals Abroad |
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50 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Self-defence and Non-State Actors |
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53 | (6) |
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3.3.4 Anticipatory and Preventive Self-defence |
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59 | (6) |
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3.4 Necessity and Proportionality |
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65 | (7) |
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3.5 Collective Self-defence |
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72 | (2) |
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3.6 The Security Council and Self-defence |
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74 | (4) |
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3.6.1 Reporting Obligation |
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75 | (2) |
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3.6.2 `... Measures Necessary to Maintain International Peace and Security' |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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4 Other forms of the use of force: humanitarian intervention, armed reprisals and intervention by invitation |
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79 | (35) |
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79 | (1) |
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4.2 Humanitarian Intervention |
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79 | (18) |
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4.2.1 Humanitarian Intervention during the Cold War |
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81 | (4) |
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4.2.2 Humanitarian Intervention after the Cold War |
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85 | (12) |
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97 | (9) |
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4.4 Intervention by Invitation |
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106 | (6) |
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112 | (2) |
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5 Cyber attacks, use of force and self-defence |
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114 | (18) |
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114 | (1) |
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5.2 International Law and Cyberspace |
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115 | (3) |
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5.3 Cyber Attacks and Article 2(4) UN Charter |
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118 | (5) |
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5.4 Cyber Attacks and Self-defence |
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123 | (4) |
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5.5 Anticipatory and Preventive Self-defence |
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127 | (1) |
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5.6 `Defend Forward' and Automatic Self-defence |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (2) |
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6 The United Nations collective security system and the use of force |
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132 | (20) |
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132 | (1) |
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6.2 Article 39 UN Charter and the Collective Security Triggers |
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133 | (2) |
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6.3 Measures under Article 41 UN Charter: Non-forcible Measures |
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135 | (4) |
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6.4 Article 42 UN Charter and Peace Enforcement |
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139 | (6) |
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6.5 The Role of the General Assembly in the Use of Force |
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145 | (3) |
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6.6 Review of Security Council Decisions and the Veto |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (2) |
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7 Regional organisations, collective security and the use of force |
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152 | (39) |
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152 | (1) |
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7.2 Allocation of Powers Between the UN and Regional Organisations |
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152 | (3) |
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7.3 Definition of a `Regional' Organisation |
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155 | (3) |
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7.4 The Relationship Between Regional Organisations and the Security Council Regarding the Use of Force |
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158 | (1) |
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7.5 The Use of Force by the OAS, LAS, NATO, AU and EU and the Relationships Between Them and With the UN Regarding the Use of Force and Beyond |
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159 | (30) |
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7.5.1 Organization of American States |
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160 | (2) |
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7.5.2 League of Arab States |
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162 | (3) |
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7.5.3 North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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165 | (4) |
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7.5.4 African Union and the African Peace and Security Architecture |
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169 | (11) |
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180 | (9) |
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189 | (2) |
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8 Peacekeeping operations |
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191 | (21) |
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191 | (1) |
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8.2 The Nature of Peacekeeping and its Evolution |
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192 | (4) |
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8.3 Legal Basis of Peacekeeping |
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196 | (3) |
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8.4 The Peacekeeping Principles |
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199 | (11) |
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199 | (3) |
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8.4.2 Neutrality/Impartiality |
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202 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Use of Force in Self-defence |
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204 | (6) |
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210 | (2) |
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9 International law on the use of force: quo vadis? |
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212 | (15) |
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212 | (1) |
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9.2 Projections on the Future of the Use of Force Regime |
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213 | (12) |
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9.2.1 The Return of Morality and the Use of Force |
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213 | (5) |
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9.2.2 Non-State Actors and the Use of Force |
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218 | (3) |
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9.2.3 Security Risks and the Use of Force |
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221 | (3) |
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9.2.4 New Technologies and the Use of Force |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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227 | (18) |
Index |
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245 | |