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xi | |
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xii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations |
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xiv | |
Transcription Conventions |
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xv | |
Abstract |
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xvi | |
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1 | (9) |
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1.1 Research background and problem |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.3 Research Aim/Objectives |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Importance/Value of the Study |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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1.7 Conclusion and Overview of Chapters |
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9 | (1) |
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Chapter Two The Theoretical Framework and Literature Review |
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10 | (29) |
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2.1 The Nature of Beliefs |
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10 | (8) |
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2.1.1 Beliefs and Knowledge |
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10 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Beliefs and Actions |
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11 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes |
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12 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Beliefs, Belief System, and Beliefs Change |
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12 | (2) |
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2.1.5 Beliefs are Contradictory |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.6 Espoused Beliefs and Beliefs in Action (Enacted Beliefs) |
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15 | (1) |
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2.1.7 Beliefs, Experience, Identity |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.2 Approaches to Studying LLBs |
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18 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Different Terms and Definitions for LLBs |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1 The Normative Approach |
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19 | (2) |
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2.2.2.2 The Metacognitive approach |
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21 | (2) |
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2.2.2.3 The Contextual Approach |
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23 | (1) |
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2.3 LLBs and the Actions of Teachers and Learners |
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24 | (13) |
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2.3.1 Identity as the Background of Beliefs and Actions of Teachers and Learners |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Native English-Speaking Teacher Identity |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Teachers' Beliefs and Actions |
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28 | (3) |
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2.3.4 Learners' Beliefs and Actions |
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31 | (3) |
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2.3.5 The Relationships between Students' and Teachers' Beliefs |
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34 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Learners Beliefs about Native and Non-Native English-speaking Teachers |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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Chapter Three Research Design |
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39 | (27) |
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39 | (10) |
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3.2 Paradigm and Research Methods |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2.1 (Post)positivist Paradigm vs. Interpretivist Paradigm |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Quantitative Methods vs. Qualitative Methods |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.2.1 Quantitative methods |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.2.2 Qualitative methods |
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42 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Paradigm and Methods of the Study |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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3.2.3.2 Stimulated recall |
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45 | (1) |
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3.2.3.3 Observation schedule |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Repertory Grid Interviews with the Teachers and Learners |
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49 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Stimulated Recall Interviews |
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51 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Transcription and Quoting Strategies |
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52 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Analysing the Interview Data |
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52 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Observation Schedule |
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53 | (2) |
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3.4 Role of the Researcher |
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55 | (2) |
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3.5 Trustworthiness and Credibility |
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57 | (1) |
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3.6 Ethical Considerations |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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3.8 Rationale for Choosing AMA as the Fieldwork |
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61 | (5) |
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3.8.1 Description of the Courses |
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62 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Description of the Participants |
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63 | (2) |
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3.8.3 Rapport with the Participants |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (69) |
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66 | (1) |
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4.2 GE1 Class: Thao and Diana |
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67 | (33) |
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4.2.1 Thao's Beliefs vs. Preferred Ways of Learning |
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67 | (1) |
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4.2.1.1 Thao stated beliefs |
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67 | (4) |
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4.2.1.2 Thao's enacted beliefs |
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71 | (5) |
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4.2.2 Diana's Beliefs vs. Her Preferred Ways of Teaching |
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76 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1 Diana's stated beliefs |
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76 | (4) |
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4.2.2.2 Diana's enacted beliefs |
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80 | (9) |
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4.2.3 Diana's Classroom Actions |
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89 | (5) |
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4.2.4 Thao's Beliefs and Preferences in Relation to Diana's Beliefs and Actions |
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94 | (3) |
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4.2.5 Diana's Beliefs and Actions in Relation to Her Learners' Beliefs and Preferences |
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97 | (3) |
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4.3 GE3 Class: Duc and David |
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100 | (31) |
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4.3.1 Duc's Beliefs vs. Preferred Ways of Learning |
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100 | (1) |
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4.3.1.1 His stated beliefs |
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100 | (3) |
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4.3.1.2 Duc's enacted beliefs |
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103 | (6) |
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4.3.2 David's Beliefs and His Preferred Ways of Teaching |
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109 | (1) |
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4.3.2.1 His stated beliefs |
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110 | (3) |
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4.3.2.2 His enacted beliefs |
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113 | (7) |
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4.3.3 David's Classroom Actions |
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120 | (4) |
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4.3.4 Duc's Beliefs and References in Relation to Davids' Beliefs and Actions |
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124 | (4) |
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4.3.5 David's Beliefs and Actions in Relation to His Learners' Beliefs and Preferences |
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128 | (3) |
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4.4 Conclusion of the Chapter |
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131 | (4) |
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135 | (12) |
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5.1 Learners' Beliefs and Learning Preferences |
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135 | (4) |
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5.2 Teachers' Beliefs and Their Ways of Teaching |
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139 | (4) |
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5.3 How and the Extent to Which the Teachers' Beliefs and Ways of Teaching Influence the Learners' Beliefs, Preferences, and Expectatations |
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143 | (2) |
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5.4 How and the Extent to Which the Learners' Beliefs, Expectations, and Learning Preferences Affect Their Teachers' Beliefs and Ways of Teaching |
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145 | (2) |
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Chapter Six Conclusions and Implications |
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147 | (6) |
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147 | (1) |
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6.2 Implications of the Study |
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147 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Implications of the Study to Practice |
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147 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Implications of the Study to the Theory of LLBs |
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149 | (2) |
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6.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
References |
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153 | (23) |
Appendix A Learning Activities to Elicit Elements for the Repgrid Interview |
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176 | (1) |
Appendix B Optional Questions for the Repertory Grid |
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177 | (1) |
Appendix C Optional Questions in Stimulated Recall Interview |
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178 | (1) |
Appendix D COLT Observation Scheme Adapted from: Frohlich et al. (1985) COLT Observation Scheme |
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179 | (4) |
Appendix E How a recorded lesson was coded with the COLT (Diana's lesson) |
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183 | (2) |
Appendix F Examples of Diana's extra materials |
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185 | (2) |
Appendix G Examples of David's extra pronunciation task and grammar for homework |
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187 | |