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E-raamat: Reliability Technology, Human Error, and Quality in Health Care

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(University of Ottawa, Canada.)
  • Formaat: 216 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Feb-2008
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781420065596
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Reliability Technology, Human Error, and Quality in Health CareSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 216 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Feb-2008
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781420065596
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Stating that some $9 billion is lost in productivity annually in the convoluted U.S. health care system, Dhillon (engineering management, U. of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) presents a synthesis of information from journal articles and other sources on reliability technology, human error, and quality control related to the human- technology interface in this system. Introductory chapters cover basic mathematical and other concepts requisite to understanding the topics discussed, which include safety analysis tools for medical devices, sources of error, computerized reporting systems and models for predicting reliability and error, and methods for improving the system (e.g., quality function deployment, cause- and-effect diagram). Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Preface xiii
About the Author xv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Need for Reliability Technology, Human Error Studies, and Quality in Health Care
1
1.2 History
1
1.2.1 Reliability Technology
1
1.2.2 Human Error
2
1.2.3 Quality
2
1.3 Facts and Figures
2
1.4 Terms and Definitions
4
1.5 Useful Information on Reliability Technology, Human Error, and Quality in Health Care
5
1.5.1 Journals
5
1.5.2 Books
6
1.5.3 Conference Proceedings
6
1.5.4 Organizations
7
1.6 Problems
7
References
8
Chapter 2 Basic Mathematical Concepts 11
2.1 Introduction
11
2.2 Range, Arithmetic Mean, and Standard Deviation
11
2.2.1 Range
11
2.2.2 Arithmetic Mean
12
2.2.3 Standard Deviation
12
2.3 Boolean Algebra Laws and Probability Properties
13
2.4 Basic Probability-Related Definitions
16
2.4.1 Probability Density Function
16
2.4.2 Cumulative Distribution Function
17
2.4.3 Expected Value
17
2.4.4 Variance
18
2.5 Probability Distributions
18
2.5.1 Exponential Distribution
18
2.5.2 Weibull Distribution
19
2.5.3 Normal Distribution
20
2.5.4 General Distribution
21
2.6 Laplace Transform Definition, Common Laplace Transforms, Final-Value Theorem, and Laplace Transforms' Application in Solving First-Order Differential Equations
21
2.6.1 Laplace Transform: Final-Value Theorem
22
2.6.2 Laplace Transforms' Application in Solving First-Order Differential Equations
23
2.7 Problems
24
References
25
Chapter 3 Introduction to Reliability Technology, Human Error, and Quality 27
3.1 Introduction
27
3.2 Bathtub Hazard Rate Curve
27
3.3 Commonly Used Formulas in Reliability Analysis
28
3.3.1 General Formula for Reliability
29
3.3.2 General Formula for Hazard Rate
29
3.3.3 General Formula for Mean Time to Failure
30
3.4 Reliability Configurations
31
3.4.1 Series Configuration
31
3.4.2 Parallel Configuration
33
3.4.3 m-out-of-K Configuration
35
3.4.4 Standby System
37
3.5 Reliability Analysis Methods
38
3.5.1 Markov Method
38
3.5.2 Failure Modes and Effect Analysis
40
3.5.3 Fault Tree Analysis
41
3.6 Human Error Facts, Figures, and Causes
44
3.7 Human Error Classifications
44
3.8 Human Error Analysis Methods
45
3.8.1 Root Cause Analysis
45
3.8.2 Man–Machine Systems Analysis
46
3.9 Human Error Data Sources
46
3.10 Factors Affecting Product Quality and Services
47
3.11 Quality Assurance System Tasks
47
3.12 Total Quality Management versus Traditional Quality Assurance
47
3.13 TQM Elements and Obstacles to TQM Implementation
48
3.14 Problems
49
References
50
Chapter 4 Medical Device Safety and Quality Assurance 53
4.1 Introduction
53
4.2 Medical Device Safety versus Reliability and Types of Medical Device Safety
53
4.3 Medical Device-Related Safety Requirements and Safety in Device Life Cycle
54
4.4 Safety Analysis Tools for Medical Devices and Considerations for Selecting Safety Analysis Methods
56
4.4.1 Considerations for Selecting Safety Analysis Methods
59
4.5 Regulatory Compliance of Medical Device Quality Assurance and Program for Assuring Medical Device Design Quality
60
4.6 Methods for Medical Device Quality Assurance
64
4.6.1 Flowcharts
64
4.6.2 Check Sheets
64
4.6.3 Scatter Diagram
65
4.6.4 Histogram
65
4.6.5 Cause-and-Effect Diagram
65
4.6.6 Pareto Diagram
66
4.7 Problems
66
References
67
Chapter 5 Medical Device Software Quality Assurance and Risk Assessment 69
5.1 Introduction
69
5.2 Medical Device Software Failure Examples
69
5.3 Classifications of Medical Software
70
5.4 Framework for Defining Software Quality Assurance Programs in Medical Device Manufacturing Organizations
71
5.5 Software Design, Coding, and Testing
72
5.5.1 Software Design
72
5.5.2 Software Coding
74
5.5.3 Software Testing
74
5.6 Software Metrics
76
5.6.1 Metric I: McCabe's Complexity
76
5.6.2 Metric II: Halstead Measures
77
5.7 Risk Management Definition and Program Steps
78
5.8 Factors in Medical Device Risk Assessment
79
5.8.1 Design and Manufacturing
79
5.8.2 Materials Toxicity and Degradation
80
5.8.3 Human Factors
80
5.8.4 Interaction with Other Devices
81
5.9 Integrating Risk Assessment into Medical Device Design Control
81
5.10 Medical Device Risk Assessment-Related Data
81
5.11 Problems
82
References
82
Chapter 6 Medical Device Maintenance and Sources for Obtaining Medical Device-Related Failure Data 85
6.1 Introduction
85
6.2 Medical Equipment Classifications
85
6.3 Medical Equipment Maintenance Indexes
86
6.3.1 Broad Indexes
86
6.3.2 Medical Equipment-Specific Indexes
87
6.4 Medical Equipment Computerized Maintenance Management Systems
89
6.5 Mathematical Models for Medical Equipment Maintenance
91
6.5.1 Model I
91
6.5.2 Model II
92
6.6 Medical Device-Related Failure Data Sources
93
6.7 Organizations for Obtaining Medical Device-Related Failure Data
94
6.8 Medical Device Failure-Related Data
95
6.9 Problems
96
References
96
Chapter 7 Human Error in Health Care 99
7.1 Introduction
99
7.2 Human Error in Health Care-Related Facts, Figures, and Examples
99
7.3 Human Error in Medication
100
7.3.1 Types of Medication Errors
100
7.3.2 Common Reasons for Occurrence of Medication Errors
101
7.3.3 Useful General Guidelines to Reduce Occurrence of Medication Errors
101
7.4 Human Error in Anesthesia
102
7.4.1 Common Anesthesia Errors
103
7.4.2 Common Causes of Anesthesia Errors
103
7.4.3 Useful Methods to Prevent or Reduce Anesthetic Mishaps Due to Human Error
104
7.5 Human Error in Medical Devices
106
7.5.1 Medical Devices with High Incidence of Human Errors
106
7.5.2 Human Errors Causing User-Interface Design Problems
106
7.5.3 Medical Device-Associated Operator Errors
107
7.5.4 Human Error Analysis Methods for Medical Devices
107
7.6 Human Error in Miscellaneous Health Care Areas
108
7.6.1 Human Error in Emergency Medicine
108
7.6.2 Human Error in Intensive Care Units
109
7.7 Useful Guidelines to Prevent Occurrence of Human Error in Health Care
109
7.8 Problems
110
References
111
Chapter 8 Health Care Human Error Reporting Systems and Models for Predicting Human Reliability and Error in Health Care 115
8.1 Introduction
115
8.2 Key Points Associated with Current Event Reporting Systems and Methods Practiced in Such Systems
115
8.3 Health Care Human Error Reporting Systems
116
8.4 Medical and General Human Error-Related Data
117
8.5 Model I: Human Reliability in Normal Work Environment
117
8.6 Model II: Human Reliability in Fluctuating Work Environment
120
8.7 Model III: Human Reliability with Critical and Non-Critical Human Errors in Normal Work Environment
124
8.8 Problems
126
References
127
Chapter 9 Patient Safety 129
9.1 Introduction
129
9.2 Facts and Figures
129
9.3 Patient Safety Goals
130
9.4 Patient Safety Culture and Its Assessment
131
9.5 Patient Safety Program
132
9.6 Patient Safety Measure Selection and Patient Safety Measures and Analysis Methods
134
9.7 Patient Safety Organizations
136
9.8 Problems
136
References
137
Chapter 10 Introduction to Quality in Health Care 141
10.1 Introduction
141
10.2 Reasons for Escalating Health Care Costs and Quality Dimensions of Today's Health Care Business
141
10.3 Health Care Quality Goals and Their Associated Strategies
143
10.4 Health Care and Industrial Quality Comparisons and Quality Improvement versus Quality Assurance in Health Care Institutions
144
10.5 Common Health Care Administrators' Appeals for Total Quality and Physicians' Reactions
145
10.6 Steps for Improving Quality in Health Care
145
10.7 Implementation of Six Sigma Methodology in Hospitals and Its Advantages and Implementation Barriers
147
10.8 Quality Indicators for Use in Hospital Departments
148
10.8.1 Department: Nursing, Acute Care
149
10.8.2 Department: Physiotherapy
149
10.8.3 Department: Social Work Services
149
10.8.4 Department: Pharmacy
149
10.8.5 Department: Food Services Excluding Therapeutic Nutrition
149
10.9 Problems
150
References
150
Chapter 11 Quality Methods for Use in Health Care 153
11.1 Introduction
153
11.2 Group Brainstorming
153
11.3 Cause-and-Effect Diagram
154
11.4 Quality Function Deployment
155
11.5 Process Flow Diagram
156
11.6 Affinity Diagram
156
11.7 Check Sheet
157
11.8 Force Field Analysis
157
11.9 Multivoting
158
11.10 Pareto Chart
159
11.11 Scatter Diagram
159
11.12 Control Chart
160
11.12.1 The C-Chart
160
11.13 Problems
162
References 163
Bibliography 165
Index 191


Dhillon, B.S.
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