Preface |
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vii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Editor |
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xvii | |
Contributors |
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xix | |
Part I: Time Series Image/Data Generation |
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1 Cloud and Cloud Shadow Detection for Landsat Images: The Fundamental Basis for Analyzing Landsat Time Series |
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3 | (22) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Landsat Data and Reference Masks |
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5 | (3) |
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5 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Manual Masks of Landsat Cloud and Cloud Shadow |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Cloud and Cloud Shadow Detection Based on a Single-Date Landsat Image |
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8 | (6) |
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1.3.1 Physical-Rules-Based Cloud and Cloud Shadow Detection |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.1.1 Physical-Rules-Based Cloud Detection Algorithms |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.1.2 Physical-Rules-Based Cloud Shadow Detection Algorithms |
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12 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Machine-Learning-Based Cloud and Cloud Shadow Detection |
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14 | (1) |
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1.4 Cloud and Cloud Shadow Detection Based on Multitemporal Landsat Images |
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14 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Cloud Detection Based on Multitemporal Landsat Images |
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15 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Cloud Shadow Detection Based on Multitemporal Landsat Images |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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1.5.1 Comparison of Different Algorithms |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.3.1 Spatial Information |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.3.2 Temporal Frequency |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.3.3 Haze/Thin Cloud Removal |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
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2 An Automatic System for Reconstructing High-Quality Seasonal Landsat Time Series |
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25 | (18) |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Classify Uncontaminated Pixels in Each Image |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Select Ancillary Data for Each Contaminated Pixel from the Time Series |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Interpolate Contaminated Pixels by NSPI |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (3) |
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2.4.1 Reconstruction of Real Landsat Time Series |
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35 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Reconstruction of Simulated Landsat Time Series |
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36 | (2) |
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2.5 Conclusion and Discussions |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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3 Spatiotemporal Data Fusion to Generate Synthetic High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Satellite Images |
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43 | (26) |
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43 | (3) |
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3.2 NDVI Linear Mixing Growth Model (NDVI-LMGM) |
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46 | (8) |
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3.2.1 Description of NDVI-LMGM |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (1) |
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3.2.2.1 Assessment over Spatial and Temporal Contrasting Regions |
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51 | (1) |
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3.2.2.2 Assessment for Long Term Prediction |
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53 | (1) |
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3.3 Flexible Spatiotemporal Data Fusion Method (FSDAF) |
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54 | (8) |
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3.3.1 Description of FSDAF |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (1) |
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3.3.2.1 Assessment of Simulated Results |
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60 | (1) |
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3.3.2.2 Assessment of Fusing Real Satellite Images |
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60 | (2) |
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3.4 Conclusions and Discussion |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (5) |
Part II: Feature Development and Information Extraction |
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4 Phenological Inference from Times Series Remote Sensing Data |
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69 | (20) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.2 Single-Season Phenological Analyses |
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70 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Spectral Indicators of Phenology |
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70 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Basic Seasonal Phenological Trajectory |
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71 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Phenological Variation Represented by Seasonal Trajectories |
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72 | (2) |
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4.3 Common Applications of Single-Year Phenology |
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74 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Agricultural Mapping and Monitoring of Crops |
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74 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Forest Mapping and Ecosystem Analyses |
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74 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Hydro-Phenological Analyses of Complex Flooded Landscapes |
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76 | (1) |
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4.4 Multi-Year Phenological Inference |
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77 | (5) |
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4.4.1 Local-Scale: Phenocam Observations |
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77 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Regional Analyses of Greenness Trends |
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78 | (1) |
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4.4.2.1 Basic Trend Analyses |
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78 | (1) |
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4.4.2.2 Trajectory-Based Landscape Change Analyses |
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79 | (1) |
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4.4.2.3 Continuous Change Detection and Classification of Land Cover |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Broad-Scale Phenological Analyses with Multi-Year Seasonal Data |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.3.1 Multi-Year Inference with Phenological Curves |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.3.2 Percent above Threshold Approaches |
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82 | (1) |
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4.5 Applications and the Importance of Ancillary Factors |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (5) |
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5 Time Series Analysis of Moderate Resolution Land Surface Temperatures |
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89 | (32) |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (4) |
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5.2.1 MYD11A1 and MOD11A1 Land Surface Temperatures |
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92 | (2) |
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5.2.2 MODIS Land Cover and Urban Areas |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Annual Cycle Parameters |
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94 | (2) |
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5.3 Results and Discussion |
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96 | (11) |
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5.3.1 ACP for Central Europe |
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96 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Comparison between Collection-5 and Collection-6 |
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98 | (4) |
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5.3.3 Latitudinal Gradients in ACP |
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102 | (5) |
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107 | (8) |
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5.4.1 Climatological SUHI Analysis |
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107 | (5) |
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5.4.2 Using the ACPs as Disaggregation Kernels for Downscaling LST Image Data |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (6) |
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6 Impervious Surface Estimation by Integrated Use of Landsat and MODIS Time Series in Wuhan, China |
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121 | (16) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (4) |
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124 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Reconstruction of Time Series BCI |
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125 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Similarity of Temporal Features |
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126 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Classification Based on Semi-Supervised SVM |
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126 | (1) |
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6.4 Results and Discussion |
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127 | (4) |
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6.4.1 Annual Dynamics of Impervious Surfaces |
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127 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Classification Accuracy |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (6) |
Part III: Time Series Image Applications |
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7 Mapping Land Cover Trajectories Using Monthly MODIS Time Series from 2001 to 2010 |
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137 | (20) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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141 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Detecting Change Dates |
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141 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Generating Adaptive Time Series |
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142 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Modified SVM Classification |
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143 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Integrated Training and Classification |
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143 | (1) |
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7.3.6 Trajectory Reconstruction |
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144 | (1) |
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7.3.7 Comparison of Adaptive Time Series with Full Length Time Series |
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144 | (1) |
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7.3.8 Accuracy Assessment |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Trajectory Mapping Results |
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145 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Accuracy Assessment of Adaptive Classification Results |
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146 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Accuracy Assessment of Trajectory Mapping Results |
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148 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Comparison of Adaptive Time Series with Full Length Time Series |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
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8 Creating a Robust Reference Dataset for Large Area Time Series Disturbance Classification |
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157 | (16) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (3) |
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8.3.1 Quality Control and Quality Assurance |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (6) |
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8.4.1 Quality Control and Quality Assurance |
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164 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Mapping Disturbance |
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165 | (3) |
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8.5 Discussion and Conclusion |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (3) |
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9 A General Workflow for Mapping Forest Disturbance History Using Pixel Based Time Series Analysis |
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173 | (32) |
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173 | (2) |
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9.2 Overview of the NAFD-NEX Processing Flow |
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175 | (4) |
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9.3 Image Selection and Preprocessing |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Image Preprocessing |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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9.4 VCT Disturbance Analysis |
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179 | (5) |
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9.4.1 Need for Annual Landsat Time Series |
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180 | (2) |
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9.4.2 Western US Sparse Forests Adjustment |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (8) |
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185 | (4) |
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9.5.2 Adjustment of Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) to Address Erroneous Forest Disturbance Rates in Low Forest Cover Counties |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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9.5.4 Annual Disturbance Maps Mosaic |
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192 | (1) |
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9.6 NAFD-NEX Product Generation |
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192 | (7) |
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9.6.1 NAFD-NEX Product at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (4) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (5) |
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10 Monitoring Annual Vegetated Land Loss to Urbanization with Landsat Archive: A Case Study in Shanghai, China |
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205 | (16) |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (5) |
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10.2.1 Data and Preprocessing |
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207 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Constructing Time Series of Annual Cloud/Shadow Free Landsat NDVI Composites |
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208 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Properties of the NDVI Mosaics |
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209 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Simulating NDVI Trajectory Models |
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209 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Pinpointing Changes |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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10.2.7 Accuracy Assessment and Evaluation |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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10.3.1 Results of Change Detection |
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212 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Change Detection Accuracy |
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212 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Comparison with Official Statistics Data |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
Index |
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