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  • Formaat: 206 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 18-May-2018
  • Kirjastus: National Academies Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309471701
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Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document.





The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Comments on the Draft FourthNational Climate Assessment 3 Comments on Each Chapter of the DraftFourth National Climate Assessment References Appendix A: Comments on Appendix 5: FrequentlyAsked Questions Appendix B: Line Comments Appendix C: Statement of Task Appendix D: Committee Biographies
Summary 1(4)
Chapter 1 Introduction
5(2)
Chapter 2 Synthesis of Comments on the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment
7(10)
Addressing the Mandate in the Global Change Research Act of 1990
8(1)
Linking Impacts with Response Examples
9(1)
Communicating Report Findings
10(1)
Communicating Key Messages
10(3)
Communicating Uncertainty and Risk
13(1)
Bridging Topics and Scales
14(1)
Highlighting New Developments in Climate Science, Impacts, and Responses
15(2)
Chapter 3 Comments on Each
Chapter of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment
17(96)
Front Matter: Report Findings
17(2)
Chapter 1 Overview
19(6)
Chapter 2 Our Changing Climate
25(3)
Chapter 3 Water
28(4)
Chapter 4 Energy Supply, Delivery, and Demand
32(2)
Chapter 5 Land Cover and Land Use Change
34(3)
Chapter 6 Forests
37(3)
Chapter 7 Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity
40(6)
Chapter 8 Coastal Effects
46(3)
Chapter 9 Ocean and Marine Resources
49(2)
Chapter 10 Agriculture and Rural Communities
51(4)
Chapter 11 Built Environment, Urban Systems, and Cities
55(3)
Chapter 12 Transportation
58(3)
Chapter 13 Air Quality
61(2)
Chapter 14 Human Health
63(2)
Chapter 15 Tribal and Indigenous Communities
65(4)
Chapter 16 Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests
69(2)
Chapter 17 Sectoral Interdependencies, Multiple Stressors, and Complex Systems
71(4)
Chapter 18 Northeast
75(2)
Chapter 19 Southeast
77(2)
Chapter 20 U.S. Caribbean
79(3)
Chapter 21 Midwest
82(2)
Chapter 22 Northern Great Plains
84(6)
Chapter 23 Southern Great Plains
90(3)
Chapter 24 Northwest
93(3)
Chapter 25 Southwest
96(4)
Chapter 26 Alaska
100(3)
Chapter 27 Hawai'i and Pacific Islands
103(3)
Chapter 28 Near-Term Adaptation Needs and Increased Resiliency
106(2)
Chapter 29 Mitigation: Avoiding and Reducing Long-Term Risks
108(5)
References 113(10)
Appendix A Comments on Appendix 5: Frequently Asked Questions 123(16)
Appendix B Line Comments 139(46)
Appendix C Statement of Task 185(2)
Appendix D Committee Biographies 187