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1 How does ventricular dyssynchrony alter hemodynamic function?. |
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2 What clinical benefits can we expect from CRT?. |
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3 How to select candidates for CRT. |
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4 Assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony by new echocardiographic analyses. |
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5 What are the mechanisms of improvement during CRT?. |
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6 Clinical situations where CRT is unlikely to be of therapeutic value. |
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7 Preimplantation checklist. |
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8 Right versus left-sided approach to implant the CRT system. |
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9 Right ventricular pacing in CRT. |
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10 How to achieve reliable sensing and pacing of the right atrium. |
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11 Is it safe to pace the left ventricle via a coronary sinus tributary?. |
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12 Why perform a coronary sinus venogram before placement of the. |
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13 Optimal LV lead positioning. |
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14 How to manage difficult coronary sinus cannulation. |
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15 How to avoid a dissection of the coronary sinus ostium. |
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16 How to overcome a myocardial bridge over the coronary sinus. |
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17 What to do in the absence of a lateral branch on the venogram. |
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18 How to manage high left ventricular pacing thresholds. |
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19 How to proceed in the presence of a complex coronary sinus anatomy. |
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20 How to manage diminutive target coronary sinus tributaries. |
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21 What to do when valves are in the way. |
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22 How to implant a CRT system in the presence of a left superior vena cava. |
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23 Dilatation of the target cardiac vein by angioplasty techniques. |
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24 Stenting for recurrent dislodgment of the left ventricular lead. |
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25 Assessment of the electrical signal sensed by the left ventricular lead. |
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26 How to avoid stimulating the left phrenic nerve. |
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27 Dye extravasation and venous perforation or dissection. |
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28 How to avoid a cardiac vein dissection by the balloon catheter. |
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29 How to remove the guiding sheath using the slitting technique. |
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30 Radiographic appearance of the final lead position of the CRT system. |
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31 How to implant a CRT device in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. |
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32 Upgrading DDD pacing to CRT. |
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33 Upgrading a CRT to a CRT-ICD system. |
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34 Repositioning of a dislodged left ventricular lead. |
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35 How to implant a four-chamber CRT system. |
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36 How to implant a biventricular, double-left ventricular lead CRT system. |
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37 Alternatives in left ventricular lead implant failures. |
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38 Left ventricular lead extraction. |
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39 Management of ventricular double counting in CRT. |
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40 Management of non-responders to CRT. |
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