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E-raamat: Roadmap to Greener Computing

(Engineers-Pool, Hannover, Germany), (Engineers-Pool, Hannover, Germany)
  • Formaat: 246 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-May-2014
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781466506947
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Roadmap to Greener ComputingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 246 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-May-2014
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781466506947
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"A concise and accessible introduction to green computing and green IT, this book addresses how computer science and the computer infrastructure affect the environment and presents the main challenges in making computing more environmentally friendly. The authors review the methodologies, designs, frameworks, and software development tools that can be used in computer science to reduce energy consumption and still compute efficiently. They also focus on Computer Aided Design (CAD) and describe what design engineers and CAD software applications can do to support new streamlined business directions and improve the environment"--



As computers become faster, use more energy, and older models become obsolete more quickly, the question is often asked: What can the engineering and computer science community do to make computing greener? Roadmap to Greener Computing defines the challenges involved in making computing more environmentally friendly and includes methods and techniques for overcoming them.

The book provides a concise, simplified, and easily accessible examination of how computer infrastructure affects the environment. Divided into six stand-alone chapters, the text addresses green computing topics such as power consumption, cooling, manufacturing issues, and computer disposal as well as hot topics such as cloud computing and noise pollution in IT. It also explores the Eco-Design concept and the impact of CAD on the environment as well as potential areas for improvement in the future.

Features

  • Details the impact of the computer infrastructure life cycle on the environment and solutions for greener IT
  • Presents methodologies, designs, frameworks and software development tools that can be used to compute energy efficiently
  • Discusses designer and CAD applications that can reduce damage of products and the environment
  • Examines noise pollution caused by computers and computerusers, its effects on their daily lives, and how to counteract it
  • Covers the many options for handling obsolete computers, including upgrading and recycling
  • Introduces the green capabilities of cloud computing

Written by professionals with backgrounds in mechanical engineering, environmental engineering, design, software engineering, and computer science, this book discusses design and the environment, includes references to literature, and presents concrete day-to-day business scenarios, supplying a clear balance between theory and practice. It analyzes methodologies, designs, frameworks, and software development tools that can then be used to reduce the energy consumption or increase energy efficiencies in computing and influence the environment positively.

Preface, xv
Acknowledgments, xxi
About the Authors, xxiii
Chapter 1 On The Way To Eco-Friendly Computer Infrastructure: The Impact Of Computer Infrastructure Lifecycle On The Environment And Solutions For Greener IT 1(34)
Definitions And Abbreviations
1(1)
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Manufacturing Computer Components
3(4)
1.2.1 Current Situation
3(3)
1.2.1.1 Lead
3(1)
1.2.1.2 Arsenic
4(1)
1.2.1.3 Polybrominated Flame Retardants
4(1)
1.2.1.4 Selenium
4(1)
1.2.1.5 Cadmium
4(1)
1.2.1.6 Chromium
4(1)
1.2.1.7 Mercury
4(1)
1.2.1.8 Plastics And Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
5(1)
1.2.2 Some Alternatives
6(1)
1.2.3 Lifecycle Analysis
7(1)
1.3 Green Purchasing In It
7(3)
1.4 Using Computer Systems
10(18)
1.4.1 Power Consumption
10(9)
1.4.1.1 How Much Does Power Cost?
10(1)
1.4.1.2 Composition Of A Single Computer
10(2)
1.4.1.3 Private Use
12(1)
1.4.1.4 Commercial/Corporate Use
13(3)
1.4.1.5 Lower Power Consumption Without Compromising Quality Of Service (QoS)
16(3)
1.4.2 Cooling
19(9)
1.4.2.1 Cooling Challenges At Data Centers
20(2)
1.4.2.2 Reduce Cooling Costs In A Data Center
22(6)
1.5 End Of Life Of Computer Systems/Components
28(3)
1.5.1 Alternatives To Recycling
29(1)
1.5.2 Disposing Old Computers
29(2)
1.6 How Can It Positively Influence The Environment?
31(1)
1.7 Conclusion
32(2)
References
34(1)
Chapter 2 Green Computer Science: Methodologies, Designs, Frameworks, And Tools That Can Be Used To Compute Energy Efficiently 35(22)
Definitions And Abbreviations
35(1)
2.1 Introduction
35(1)
2.2 About Computer Science
36(1)
2.3 Energy Efficiency In Computer Science
37(4)
2.3.1 The Central Processing Unit (CPU)/Processor
38(1)
2.3.2 Memory (RAM And ROM)
39(1)
2.3.3 Input/output (I/O) Ports
40(1)
2.3.4 Bus
40(1)
2.4 Profiling-Assessing Software Efficiency
41(13)
2.4.1 Profiling Methods
42(4)
2.4.1.1 Noninvasive Profiling
42(1)
2.4.1.2 Invasive Profiling
43(3)
2.4.2 Code Profiler
46(8)
2.4.2.1 Case Study: Gprof
46(4)
2.4.2.2 Case Study: OProfile
50(3)
2.4.2.3 Case Study: Valgrind
53(1)
2.4.3 Optimization Best Practices
54(1)
2.5 Conclusion
54(1)
Literature And References
55(2)
Chapter 3 Computer Aided Sustainable Design: How Designer And Cad Applications Can Reduce Damage Of Products And The Environment 57(38)
Definitions And Abbreviations
57(1)
3.1 Introduction
58(1)
3.2 Definition Of Cad
59(1)
3.3 How CAD Affects Today's Environment
60(8)
3.3.1 Concurrent Engineering
60(1)
3.3.1.1 A Practical Example From The Daily Work Routine
61(1)
3.3.2 Testing Of New Products
61(1)
3.3.3 The Use Of Paper
62(4)
3.3.3.1 Exploiting Trees For Fiber
63(1)
3.3.3.2 Processing Of Wood Fiber Into Pulp For Making Paper
64(1)
3.3.3.3 Disposal Of Paper Products
65(1)
3.3.4 Faster/better Communication And Customer Satisfaction
66(1)
3.3.5 Enjoying Daylight And Fresh Air
67(1)
3.4 Eco-Design
68(3)
3.5 Designer Impact On Eco-Design
71(8)
3.5.1 Do Not Design Products, Design Lifecycles
71(6)
3.5.1.1 Material
71(4)
3.5.1.2 Energy
75(1)
3.5.1.3 Toxicity
76(1)
3.5.2 Increasing Product Lifetime
77(1)
3.5.3 Do Not Design Products, Design Services
77(1)
3.5.4 Make Recyclable Products
78(1)
3.5.5 Don't Be Afraid To Ask Questions!
78(1)
3.5.6 Join An Environmental Organization
78(1)
3.5.7 Customer Education
79(1)
3.6 Eco-Friendly Product Lifecycle
79(3)
3.6.1 Extraction Of Raw Materials
80(1)
3.6.2 Manufacturing Process
80(1)
3.6.3 Packaging And Transport
81(1)
3.6.4 Use
81(1)
3.6.5 End Of Life
81(1)
3.7 "Green" Failure Modes And Effects Analysis (FMEA)
82(6)
3.7.1 Definition And History
82(1)
3.7.2 Benefits
83(1)
3.7.3 Practical Business Scenario
84(4)
3.8 Eco-Design Tools
88(3)
3.8.1 Standalone Architecture
88(1)
3.8.2 Integrated Architecture
89(1)
3.8.3 Vendor And Product Description
89(2)
3.8.3.1 Software With Reliability Analysis Technology
89(1)
3.8.3.2 Software With Environmental Impact Analysis Technology
90(1)
3.8.3.3 Emissions Trading, Monitoring, And Compliance Vendors List
91(1)
3.9 Conclusion
91(2)
3.9.1 Eco-Friendly Checker
92(1)
3.9.2 Editable Mockups
92(1)
3.9.3 Eco-Design Analysis Integrated Features Should Be More User-Friendly
92(1)
3.9.4 Define A Clear Added Value Platform For Managers And Engineers
93(1)
References
93(2)
Chapter 4 Computing Noise Pollution 95(54)
4.1 Introduction
95(1)
4.2 What Is Sound?
96(1)
4.3 How Can Sound Be Described?
96(18)
4.3.1 Characteristics Of Sound
98(3)
4.3.1.1 Amplitude
98(2)
4.3.1.2 Wavelength
100(1)
4.3.1.3 Period
100(1)
4.3.1.4 Frequency
100(1)
4.3.2 Loud And Soft Sounds
101(1)
4.3.3 High Frequency And Low Frequency Sounds
101(1)
4.3.4 Single-Dying And Periodical Sounds
102(1)
4.3.4.1 Single-Dying Sound
102(1)
4.3.4.2 Periodical Sound
102(1)
4.3.5 Formula And Parameters Of Sound
102(8)
4.3.5.1 Sound Pressure, Sound Intensity, And Sound Power
102(7)
4.3.5.2 Acoustic Velocity And Speed Of Sound
109(1)
4.3.6 Perception Of Sound
110(4)
4.4 Noise
114(7)
4.4.1 Definition
114(1)
4.4.2 Perception
115(3)
4.4.3 Effects Of Noise
118(3)
4.4.3.1 Auditory Effects
119(1)
4.4.3.2 Non-Auditory Effects
119(1)
4.4.3.3 Noise And Sleep
119(1)
4.4.3.4 Noise And Performance
120(1)
4.4.3.5 Noise And Hormones
120(1)
4.4.3.6 Noise And Cardiovascular Effects
120(1)
4.4.3.7 Noise And Mental Health
120(1)
4.4.3.8 Noise And Fatigue
121(1)
4.4.3.9 Noise And Children
121(1)
4.5 Computer System Noise
121(26)
4.5.1 Measuring Pc Noise
122(5)
4.5.2 Why Is My Pc Noisy?
127(6)
4.5.2.1 CD-ROM, DVD, Or Other Disc Drive
128(1)
4.5.2.2 Fan
129(1)
4.5.2.3 Hard Drive
130(1)
4.5.2.4 Modem
130(1)
4.5.2.5 Power Supply
130(2)
4.5.2.6 Speakers
132(1)
4.5.2.7 Floppy
132(1)
4.5.2.8 Monitor
132(1)
4.5.2.9 Keyboard
132(1)
4.5.3 What Can Be Done About Computer Noise?
133(20)
4.5.3.1 Data Centers And Server Rooms
135(2)
4.5.3.2 Personal Computer/standalone Computer
137(10)
References
147(2)
Chapter 5 End-Of-Life Opportunities For Computers And Computer Parts 149(28)
Abbreviations And Definitions
149(1)
5.1 Introduction
149(4)
5.2 Before Starting The Processes Of The Flow Diagram
153(14)
5.2.1 Delete All Personal Information From Our Electronics
153(5)
5.2.1.1 Save Your Data
154(1)
5.2.1.2 Download And Run Data Destruction Software Programs (Some Are Free)
154(3)
5.2.1.3 If You Don't Trust The Data Destruction Software Programs Or Your Computer Cannot Boot
157(1)
5.2.2 For A Computer Or Laptop, Consider Upgrading The Hardware Or Software Instead Of Buying A Brand New Product
158(6)
5.2.2.1 How Old Is Too Old?
159(1)
5.2.2.2 When To Buy A New PC
159(1)
5.2.2.3 Moving Data To A New PC
159(2)
5.2.2.4 Choosing The Upgrade Path
161(3)
5.2.3 Remove Any Batteries From Your Electronics, They May Need To Be Recycled Separately
164(3)
5.2.3.1 CMOS Battery
164(1)
5.2.3.2 Laptop Battery
165(2)
5.3 The Flow Diagram
167(7)
5.3.1 Computer Donation/Reuse
167(1)
5.3.1.1 How To Reuse
167(1)
5.3.1.2 Where To Donate
167(1)
5.3.2 Computer Storage
167(3)
5.3.2.1 How To Store
168(1)
5.3.2.2 Where To Store
169(1)
5.3.3 Computer Recycled
170(1)
5.3.3.1 How To Recycle
170(1)
5.3.3.2 Where To Recycle
171(1)
5.3.4 Computer Landfilled
171(9)
5.3.4.1 How To Dispose
172(1)
5.3.4.2 Where To Dispose
172(1)
5.3.4.3 Agbogbloshie Computer Graveyard In Ghana
173(1)
5.4 Conclusion
174(1)
References
175(2)
Chapter 6 Green Cloud Computing 177(36)
Abbreviations
177(1)
6.1 Before Cloud Computing
177(3)
6.2 Understanding Cloud Computing
180(13)
6.2.1 Essential Characteristics
181(3)
6.2.1.1 On-Demand Self-Service
181(1)
6.2.1.2 Broad Network Access
182(1)
6.2.1.3 Resource Pooling
183(1)
6.2.1.4 Rapid Elasticity
184(1)
6.2.1.5 Measured Service
184(1)
6.2.2 Specific Capabilities Of Clouds
184(6)
6.2.2.1 Economic Aspects
184(2)
6.2.2.2 Non-Functional Aspects
186(2)
6.2.2.3 Technological Aspects
188(2)
6.2.3 Service Models
190(1)
6.2.3.1 Software As A Service (SaaS)
190(1)
6.2.3.2 Platform As A Service (PaaS)
190(1)
6.2.3.3 Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)
191(1)
6.2.4 Deployment Models
191(1)
6.2.4.1 Private Cloud
191(1)
6.2.4.2 Community Cloud
191(1)
6.2.4.3 Public Cloud
192(1)
6.2.4.4 Hybrid Cloud
192(1)
6.2.5 Summary
192(1)
6.3 Various Use Cases For Cloud Computing
193(2)
6.3.1 E-Business
193(1)
6.3.2 Pilot Phase
193(1)
6.3.3 Virtual Worlds
193(2)
6.4 Benefits
195(5)
6.5 Risks
200(12)
6.5.1 Security And Privacy
200(2)
6.5.1.1 Key Privacy And Security Issues
200(2)
6.5.2 Security And Privacy Downside
202(2)
6.5.3 Audit Trails
204(8)
6.5.3.1 Benefits And Objectives
205(2)
6.5.3.2 Audit Trails And Logs
207(2)
6.5.3.3 Implementation Issues
209(3)
6.5.3.4 Cost Considerations
212(1)
6.6 Is Cloud Computing Green?
212(1)
References 213(2)
Index 215
Raoul-Abelin Choumin Nguemaleu, Lionel Montheu
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