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E-raamat: Robotics Primer

(University of Southern California)
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Choice Outstanding Academic Title, 2008.

The Robotics Primer offers a broadly accessible introduction to robotics for students at pre-university and university levels, robot hobbyists, and anyone interested in this burgeoning field. The text takes the reader from the most basic concepts (including perception and movement) to the most novel and sophisticated applications and topics (humanoids, shape-shifting robots, space robotics), with an emphasis on what it takes to create autonomous intelligent robot behavior. The core concepts of robotics are carried through from fundamental definitions to more complex explanations, all presented in an engaging, conversational style that will appeal to readers of different backgrounds.

The Robotics Primer covers such topics as the definition of robotics, the history of robotics ("Where do Robots Come From "), robot components, locomotion, manipulation, sensors, control, control architectures, representation, behavior ("Making Your Robot Behave"), navigation, group robotics, learning, and the future of robotics (and its ethical implications). To encourage further engagement, experimentation, and course and lesson design, The Robotics Primer is accompanied by a free robot programming exercise workbook.

The Robotics Primer is unique as a principled, pedagogical treatment of the topic that is accessible to a broad audience; the only prerequisites are curiosity and attention. It can be used effectively in an educational setting or more informally for self-instruction. The Robotics Primer is a springboard for readers of all backgrounds—including students taking robotics as an elective outside the major, graduate students preparing to specialize in robotics, and K-12 teachers who bring robotics into their classrooms.

A broadly accessible introduction to robotics that spans the most basic concepts and the most novel applications; for students, teachers, and hobbyists.

Muu info

Winner of Choice Outstanding Academic Title, 2008. 2008.
Preface xv
What Is a Robot?
1(6)
Where Do Robots Come From?
7(12)
Control Theory
7(1)
Cybernetics
8(5)
Grey Walter's Tortoise
9(2)
Braitenberg's Vehicles
11(2)
Artificial Intelligence
13(6)
What's in a Robot?
19(10)
Embodiment
20(1)
Sensing
21(3)
Action
24(1)
Brains and Brawn
25(1)
Autonomy
26(3)
Arms, Legs, Wheels, Tracks, and What Really Drives Them
29(18)
Active vs. Passive Actuation
30(1)
Types of Actuators
31(1)
Motors
32(6)
Direct-Current (DC) Motors
32(2)
Gearing
34(3)
Servo Motors
37(1)
Degrees of Freedom
38(9)
Move It!
47(12)
Stability
48(3)
Moving and Gaits
51(2)
Wheels and Steering
53(2)
Staying on the Path vs. Getting There
55(4)
Grasping at Straws
59(10)
Endeffectors
59(1)
Teleoperation
60(2)
Why Is Manipulation Hard?
62(7)
What's Going On?
69(12)
Levels of Processing
73(8)
Switch on the Light
81(16)
Passive vs. Active Sensors
81(1)
Switches
82(2)
Light Sensors
84(10)
Polarized Light
86(1)
Reflective Optosensors
86(2)
Reflectance Sensors
88(1)
Infra Red Light
89(1)
Modulation and Demodulation of Light
90(1)
Break Beam Sensors
90(1)
Shaft Encoders
91(3)
Resistive Position Sensors
94(3)
Potentiometers
95(2)
Sonars, Lasers, and Cameras
97(24)
Ultrasonic or Sonar Sensing
97(7)
Sonar Before and Beyond Robotics
100(1)
Specular Reflection
101(3)
Laser Sensing
104(3)
Visual Sensing
107(14)
Cameras
108(2)
Edge Detection
110(2)
Model-Based Vision
112(1)
Motion Vision
113(1)
Stereo Vision
114(2)
Texture, Shading, Contours
116(1)
Biological Vision
116(1)
Vision for Robots
117(4)
Stay in Control
121(14)
Feedback or Closed Loop Control
121(1)
The Many Faces of Error
122(2)
An Example of a Feedback Control Robot
124(2)
Types of Feedback Control
126(5)
Proportional Control
126(2)
Derivative Control
128(1)
Integral Control
129(1)
PD and PID Control
130(1)
Feedforward or Open Loop Control
131(4)
The Building Blocks of Control
135(10)
Who Needs Control Architectures?
135(2)
Languages for Programming Robots
137(2)
And the Architectures are...
139(6)
Time
141(1)
Modularity
141(1)
Representation
142(3)
What's in Your Head?
145(6)
The Many Ways to Make a Map
146(2)
What Can the Robot Represent?
148(1)
Costs of Representing
148(3)
Think Hard, Act Later
151(10)
What Is Planning?
152(2)
Costs of Planning
154(7)
Don't Think, React!
161(16)
Action Selection
166(3)
Subsumption Architecture
169(3)
Herbert, or How to Sequence Behaviors Through the World
172(5)
Think and Act Separately, in Parallel
177(10)
Dealing with Changes in the World/Map/Task
179(1)
Planning and Replanning
180(1)
Avoiding Replanning
181(1)
On-Line and Off-Line Planning
182(5)
Think the Way You Act
187(20)
Distributed Representation
192(1)
An Example: Distributed Mapping
193(14)
Toto the Robot
194(1)
Toto's Navigation
194(2)
Toto's Landmark Detection
196(1)
Toto's Mapping Behaviors
197(3)
Path Planning in Toto's Behavior Map
200(2)
Toto's Map-Following
202(5)
Making Your Robot Behave
207(8)
Behavior Arbitration: Make a Choice
207(2)
Behavior Fusion: Sum It Up
209(6)
When the Unexpected Happens
215(8)
An Example: Emergent Wall-Following
215(1)
The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts
216(2)
Components of Emergence
218(1)
Expect the Unexpected
218(1)
Predictability of Surprise
219(1)
Good vs. Bad Emergent Behavior
220(1)
Architectures and Emergence
221(2)
Going Places
223(10)
Localization
225(3)
Search and Path Planning
228(1)
SLAM
229(1)
Coverage
230(3)
Go, Team!
233(22)
Benefits of Teamwork
234(2)
Challenges of Teamwork
236(2)
Types of Groups and Teams
238(3)
Communication
241(7)
Kin Recognition
247(1)
Getting a Team to Play Together
248(2)
I'm the Boss: Centralized Control
248(1)
Work It Out as a Team: Distributed Control
248(2)
Architectures for Multi-Robot Control
250(5)
Pecking Orders: Hierarchies
251(4)
Things Keep Getting Better
255(14)
Reinforcement Learning
256(4)
Supervised Learning
260(2)
Learning by Imitation/From Demonstration
262(4)
Learning and Forgetting
266(3)
Where To Next?
269(20)
Space Robotics
273(1)
Surgical Robotics
274(2)
Self-Reconfigurable Robotics
276(1)
Humanoid Robotics
277(1)
Social Robotics and Human-Robot Interaction
278(2)
Service, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics
280(3)
Educational Robotics
283(2)
Ethical Implications
285(4)
Bibliography 289(4)
Glossary 293(10)
Index 303