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E-raamat: Roman Imperial Armour: The production of early imperial military armour

  • Formaat: 180 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2011
  • Kirjastus: Oxbow Books
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781842177020
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  • Formaat: 180 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2011
  • Kirjastus: Oxbow Books
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781842177020
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The Roman Empire depended on the power of its armies to defend and extend the imperial borders, enabling it to dominate much of Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East. Success was, in large part, founded on well-trained, well-disciplined soldiers who were equipped with the most advanced arms and armour available at that time. This is the story of the production of that armour. Roman Imperial Armour presents an examination of the metals the armour was made from, of how the ores containing those metals were extracted from the earth and transformed into workable metal and of how that raw product was made into the armour of the Roman army. The policing and protecting of such a huge empire required a large and well-organised force and the book goes on to consider the organisation of the army, its size, composition, the logistics involved in its deployment and provisioning and the training, remuneration and benefits offered to its men at arms.

Arvustused

[ A] technical book which highlights the science behind the art of the blacksmith... [ Sim and Kaminski's] focus is upon reconstructing techniques that would have been used to create armour for hundreds of thousands of infantry men under arms during the first and second centuries of the Western Empire.' -- Minerva Minerva

Foreword vii
Acknowledgements x
Abbreviations xi
1 The Evidence
1(4)
Introduction
1(1)
Written and visual sources
1(1)
Metallographic and surface examination
2(1)
Experimental archaeology
3(1)
Conclusions
4(1)
2 Iron Production
5(20)
Introduction
5(1)
Sources of iron in the Roman Empire
5(5)
Moving the ore
10(1)
Charcoal production
11(1)
Ore preparation
12(1)
Bloomery iron production
13(4)
Bloomsmithing (pimary smithing)
17(1)
Clean iron
18(4)
Conclusions
22(3)
3 Blacksmithing Techniques and Production Methods
25(24)
Introduction
25(1)
Blacksmithing
25(2)
Welding
27(1)
Heat treatment
27(4)
Advantages of hot and cold working
31(1)
Work hardening
32(1)
Forming sheet metal hemispheres
32(4)
Producing holes in sheet metal
36(2)
Materials testing in antiquity
38(1)
Recycling metal
39(1)
Manufacture
40(3)
Economics
43(3)
Conclusions
46(3)
4 The Production of Sheet Metal
49(9)
Methods of sheet iron production
49(7)
Conclusions
56(2)
5 Iron and Steel
58(7)
Introduction
58(1)
Methods of making steel
59(3)
Hardening and tempering
62(2)
Conclusions
64(1)
6 Surface Treatment of Roman Armour
65(14)
Introduction
65(1)
Rust prevention
65(3)
The surface appearance of Roman armour
68(1)
Polishing
69(2)
Coatings
71(5)
A comparison of different surface treatments
76(1)
Preventing rusting during storage
77(1)
Conclusions
77(2)
7 Helmets (galea or cassis)
79(16)
Introduction
79(1)
Parts of the helmet
80(2)
Methods of manufacture
82(10)
Conclusions
92(3)
8 Scale Armour (lorica squamata)
95(16)
Body armour
95(1)
Lorica squamata
95(1)
Typology of lorica squamata
96(1)
The nature of scale armour
97(3)
Field repairs
100(1)
Case study: The Carlisle shoulder piece
101(1)
Metallography
101(1)
Wire to join scales
102(2)
Replication of scale armour
104(4)
The future of scale armour
108(1)
Conclusions
108(3)
9 Ring Mail (lorica hamata)
111(24)
Introduction
111(1)
Wire production
112(2)
Wire drawing
114(2)
Type of metals used for wire
116(2)
Experimental method for producing a draw plate
118(3)
Wire drawing
121(2)
Ring types
123(7)
Non-ferrous rings
130(2)
Riveted rings
132(1)
Conclusions
132(3)
10 Segmented Body Armour (lorica segmentata)
135(4)
Introduction
135(2)
Conclusions
137(2)
11 Leg and Arm Armour
139(7)
Arm armour
139(2)
Greaves (Ocrea)
141(2)
Method of manufacture
143(1)
Conclusion
144(2)
12 The Shield and Boss (umbo)
146(13)
Introduction
146(2)
Shield edging (guttering)
148(1)
The construction typology of shield bosses
148(1)
Double-skinned ferrous shield bosses
149(4)
Laminated shield bosses (welded)
153(3)
Other materials
156(1)
Conclusions
157(2)
13 Conclusions
159(4)
Appendix 1 The Survival of Ancient Machines 163(2)
Appendix 2 One-sided Carburization 165(2)
Glossary 167(3)
Latin terms 170(2)
Bibliography 172
Plates 117