| Preface and Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
| A Note on the Texts |
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xiii | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (11) |
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1 Richard Price, A Discourse on the Love of Our Country |
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12 | (7) |
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What has the love of their country hitherto been among mankind? |
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13 | (3) |
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A narrower interest must give way to a more extensive interest |
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16 | (1) |
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Every degree of illumination ... hastens the overthrow of priestcraft and tyranny |
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16 | (1) |
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The principles of the Revolution |
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17 | (1) |
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Be encouraged, all ye friends of freedom and writers in its defence! |
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18 | (1) |
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2 Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London relative to That Event |
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19 | (32) |
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All the nakedness and solitude of metaphysical abstraction |
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21 | (2) |
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The public declaration of a man much connected with literary caballers |
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23 | (1) |
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The two principles of conservation and correction |
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24 | (1) |
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The very idea of the fabrication of a new government, is enough to fill us with disgust and horror |
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25 | (1) |
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Our liberties, as an entailed inheritance derived to us from our forefathers |
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26 | (2) |
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Their blow was aimed at an hand holding out graces, favours, and immunities |
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28 | (2) |
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A profligate disregard of a dignity which they partake with others |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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But the age of chivalry is gone. -- That of sophisters, economists, and calculators, has succeeded |
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33 | (6) |
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The real tragedy of this triumphal day |
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39 | (1) |
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We have not ... lost the generosity and dignity of thinking of the fourteenth century |
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40 | (2) |
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Society is indeed a contract |
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42 | (1) |
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The political Men of Letters |
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43 | (2) |
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We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history |
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45 | (2) |
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By hating vices too much, they come to love men too little |
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47 | (2) |
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Old establishments ... are the results of various necessities and expediencies |
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49 | (1) |
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Some popular general ... shall draw the eyes of all men upon himself |
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49 | (2) |
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3 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Men, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke |
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51 | (19) |
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52 | (1) |
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I have not yet learned to twist my periods, nor ... to disguise my sentiments |
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53 | (1) |
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I perceive ... that you have a mortal antipathy to reason |
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53 | (4) |
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The champion of property, the adorer of the golden image which power has set up |
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57 | (2) |
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Misery, to reach your heart, I perceive, must have its cap and bells |
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59 | (1) |
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In reprobating Dr. Price's opinions you might have spared the man |
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60 | (1) |
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The younger children have been sacrificed to the eldest son |
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61 | (1) |
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The respect paid to rank and fortune damps every generous purpose of the soul |
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62 | (1) |
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The spirit of romance and chivalry is in the wane; and reason will gain by its extinction |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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This fear of God makes me reverence myself |
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66 | (1) |
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The cold arguments of reason, that give no sex to virtue |
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67 | (2) |
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What were the outrages of a day to these continual miseries? |
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69 | (1) |
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4 Thomas Paine, Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke's Attack on the French Revolution |
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70 | (19) |
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The vanity and presumption of governing beyond the grave |
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71 | (2) |
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Mr. Burke has set up a sort of political Adam, in whom all posterity are bound for ever |
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73 | (1) |
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Mr. Burke does not attend to the distinction between men and principles |
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74 | (1) |
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The Quixote age of chivalry nonsense is gone |
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74 | (2) |
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Lay then the axe to the root, and teach governments humanity |
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76 | (2) |
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We are now got at the origin of man, and at the origin of his rights |
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78 | (2) |
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The natural rights of man ... the civil rights of man |
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80 | (1) |
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Governments must have arisen, either out of the people, or over the people |
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81 | (1) |
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Titles are but nick-names ... a sort of foppery in the human character which degrades it |
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82 | (1) |
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Toleration is not the opposite of Intolerance, but is the counterfeit of it |
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83 | (1) |
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The church with the state, a sort of mule animal |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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In mixed Governments there is no responsibility |
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87 | (1) |
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The Revolutions of America and France, are a renovation of the natural order of things |
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87 | (1) |
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It is an age of Revolutions, in which every thing may be looked for |
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88 | (1) |
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5 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects |
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89 | (34) |
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To M. Talleyrand-Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun |
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90 | (1) |
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The prevailing notion respecting a sexual character was subversive of morality |
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91 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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I shall disdain to cull my phrases or polish my style |
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93 | (4) |
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Chap. II The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed |
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94 | (3) |
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The grand end of their exertions should be to unfold their own faculties |
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97 | (1) |
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To endeavour to reason love out of the world, would be to out Quixote Cervantes |
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98 | (1) |
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Surely she has not an immortal soul who can loiter life away |
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98 | (2) |
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Chap. III The Same Subject Continued |
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99 | (1) |
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It is time to effect a revolution in female manners |
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100 | (3) |
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Chap. IV Observations on the State of Degradation to Which Woman Is Reduced by Various Causes |
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101 | (2) |
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Their senses are inflamed, and their understandings neglected |
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103 | (2) |
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Chap. V Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt -- Sect. i Rousseau |
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104 | (1) |
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Is it surprising that some of them hug their chains, and fawn like the spaniel? |
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105 | (1) |
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Let us then ... arrive at perfection of body |
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105 | (2) |
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Sect. ii Dr. Fordyce's sermons |
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106 | (1) |
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Why are girls to be told that they resemble angels; but to sink them below women? |
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107 | (2) |
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Chap. VI The Effect Which an Early Association of Ideas Has upon the Character |
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108 | (1) |
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Chap. VII Modesty. -- Comprehensively Considered, and Not as a Sexual Virtue |
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108 | (1) |
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Those women who have most improved their reason must have the most modesty |
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109 | (2) |
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Chap. VIII Morality Undermined by Sexual Notions of the Importance of a Good Reputation |
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110 | (1) |
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If the honour of a woman ... is safe, she may neglect every social duty |
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111 | (1) |
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The two sexes mutually corrupt and improve each other |
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111 | (2) |
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Chap. IX Of the Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society |
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112 | (1) |
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How can a being be generous who has nothing of its own? or virtuous, who is not free? |
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113 | (1) |
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I really think that women ought to have representatives |
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113 | (3) |
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Chap. X Parental Affection |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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They are prepared for the slavery of marriage |
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116 | (2) |
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Chap. XII On National Education |
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117 | (1) |
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Morality, polluted in the national reservoir, sends off streams of vice |
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118 | (3) |
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Chap. XIII Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance of Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the Moral Improvement That a Revolution in Female Manners Might Naturally Be Expected to Produce -- Sect. ii Sentimental jargon |
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119 | (1) |
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Sect. vi Women at present are by ignorance rendered foolish or vicious |
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120 | (1) |
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Let woman share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of man |
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121 | (2) |
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6 Thomas Paine, Rights of Man. Part the Second. Combining Principle and Practice |
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123 | (21) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Chap. I Of Society and Civilization |
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128 | (1) |
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Chap. II Of the Origin of the Present Old Governments |
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129 | (1) |
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Chap. III Of the Old and New Systems of Government |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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Monarchy ... is a scene of perpetual court cabal and intrigue |
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132 | (1) |
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Chap. IV Of Constitutions |
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133 | (1) |
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Government ... has of itself no rights; they are altogether duties |
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133 | (1) |
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The bill of rights is more properly a bill of wrongs |
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134 | (1) |
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The sepulchre of precedents |
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135 | (1) |
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Europe may form but one great Republic |
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136 | (1) |
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Chap. V Ways and Means of Improving the Condition of Europe, Interspersed with Miscellaneous Observations |
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137 | (1) |
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I have been an advocate for commerce, because I am a friend to its effects |
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137 | (2) |
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When ... we see age going to the workhouse and youth to the gallows, something must be wrong in the system of government |
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139 | (1) |
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The aristocracy are ... the drones, a seraglio of males |
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140 | (1) |
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The plan is easy in practice |
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140 | (1) |
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Active and passive revolutions |
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141 | (1) |
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In what light religion appears to me |
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142 | (1) |
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What pace the political summer may keep with the natural, no human foresight can determine |
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143 | (1) |
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7 William Godwin, An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and Its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness |
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144 | (40) |
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146 | (1) |
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Book I Of the Importance of Political Institutions -- Chap. i Introduction |
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147 | (1) |
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Chap. ii History of Political Society |
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147 | (2) |
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Chap. iv Three Principal Causes of Moral Improvement Considered -- I. Literature |
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149 | (1) |
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Truth ... must infallibly be struck out by the collision of mind with mind |
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149 | (5) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (3) |
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Chap. vi Human Inventions Capable of Perpetual Improvement |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (6) |
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Book II Principles of Society -- Chap. i Introduction |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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Chap. iv Of the Equality of Mankind |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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The impossibility by any compulsatory method of bringing men to uniformity of opinion |
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160 | (1) |
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Chap. vi Of the Exercise of Private Judgment |
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161 | (1) |
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Punishment inevitably excites in the sufferer ... a sense of injustice |
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161 | (6) |
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Book III Chap. vii Of Forms of Government |
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162 | (2) |
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Book IV Miscellaneous Principles -- Chap. ii Of Revolutions -- Section I. Duties of a Citizen |
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164 | (1) |
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Section II Mode of Effecting Revolutions |
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164 | (2) |
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Section III Of Political Associations |
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166 | (1) |
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There is at present in the world a cold reserve that keeps man at a distance from man |
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167 | (2) |
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Section IV Of the Species of Reform to Be Desired |
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168 | (1) |
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Chap. iv Of the Cultivation of Truth -- Section II. Of Sincerity |
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168 | (1) |
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A gradation in discovery and a progress in the improvement, which do not need to be assisted by the stratagems of their votaries |
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169 | (2) |
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Chap. v Of Free Will and Necessity |
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170 | (1) |
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Mind is a topic of science |
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171 | (2) |
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That in which the mind exercises its freedom, must be an act of the mind |
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173 | (2) |
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So far as we act with liberty ... our conduct is as independent of morality as it is of reason |
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175 | (2) |
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Book V Of Legislative and Executive Power -- Chap. xiii Of the Aristocratical Character |
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176 | (1) |
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The principle of aristocracy is founded in the extreme inequality of conditions |
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177 | (1) |
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Is it sedition to enquire whether this state of things may not be exchanged for a better? |
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177 | (4) |
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Book VI Of Opinion Considered as a Subject of Political Institution -- Chap. i General Effects of the Political Superintendence of Opinion |
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178 | (1) |
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Book VII Of Crimes and Punishments -- Chap. i Limitations of the Doctrine of Punishment Which Result from the Principles of Morality |
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179 | (2) |
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The abstract congruity of crime and punishment |
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181 | (3) |
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Book VIII Of Property -- Chap. vii Of the Objection to This System from the Principle of Population |
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181 | (3) |
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8 William Godwin, Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and Its Influence on Morals and Happiness |
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184 | (7) |
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Preface to the Second Edition |
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185 | (1) |
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No man can more fervently deprecate scenes of commotion and tumult, than the author of this book |
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186 | (2) |
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Book VIII Of Property -- Chap. viii Appendix. Of Cooperation, Cohabitation and Marriage |
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186 | (2) |
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Our judgement in favour of marriage |
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188 | (3) |
| Further Reading |
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191 | (7) |
| Index of Authors and Works |
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198 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta