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Safety Management Systems and their Origins: Insights from the Aviation Industry presents different perspectives on SMS to better decode what it means as a safety approach and what it implicitly conveys beyond safety.

The book uses the aviation industry as a basis for analyzing where the SMS stands in terms of safety enhancement. Through a socio-historical analysis of how SMSs emerged and spread across high-risk industries and countries, the book also explains the other stakes underpinning this new approach to safety management.

Features:

    • Explores SMS as it is implemented in aviation based on examples from several countries and regions, namely the UK, USA, and Australia.
    • Presents a socio-historical analysis of how SMSs emerged in high-risk industries.
    • Provides insights to explain the existing limitations of SMS.
    • Proposes new avenues to reach beyond the limitations of SMS.
    • Discusses the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of risk analysis.

    The book is intended for safety professionals and regulators, as well as graduate students and researchers in safety science and engineering.



    Safety Management Systems and their Origins: Insights from the Aviation Industry presents different perspectives on SMS to better decode what it means as a safety approach and what it implicitly conveys beyond safety.

    List of Figures
    ix
    List of Tables
    xi
    List of Abbreviations
    xiii
    Foreword xv
    Mathilde Bourrier
    Foreword xvii
    Rene Amalberti
    Chapter 1 Introduction
    1(6)
    1.1 A Perspective Reflecting a Diverse Background and Experience
    1(1)
    1.2 The SMS in Aviation: Step Change or Decoy?
    1(3)
    1.3 The Outline
    4(3)
    Chapter 2 A Composite Methodology
    7(12)
    2.1 Document Analysis: Contrasting Sources
    7(1)
    2.2 Literature Review: Shades of Gray
    8(2)
    2.3 A Historical Approach: Written Sources
    10(3)
    2.4 Oral History: Interviewing Old-Timers of Safety Science
    13(1)
    2.5 Qualitative Content Analysis: A Manual Approach for a Limited Sample Size
    14(2)
    2.6 A Reflexive Analysis or Auto-ethnography
    16(3)
    Chapter 3 Safety Actors' Version: The SMS as the New Safety Frontier
    19(42)
    3.1 What Is an SMS?---Global Overview
    19(3)
    3.1.1 What Is an SMS Meant For?
    19(1)
    3.1.2 What Is the Definition of an SMS?
    20(1)
    3.1.3 What Are the SMS Novelties and Promises?
    20(2)
    3.1.4 What Does an SMS Consist Of?
    22(1)
    3.2 The SMS in Aviation: A Case Study
    22(32)
    3.2.1 What Is the SMS Meant For?
    25(1)
    3.2.2 What Does the SMS Consist Of?
    26(1)
    3.2.3 What Does the SMS Look Like in Practice?
    27(27)
    3.3 Conclusion: From Reliance on SMS Standards to Organizational Reflexivity---A Matter of Philosophy
    54(7)
    Chapter 4 What Does the SMS Actually Do, and Is It Up to Its Safety Promises?
    61(24)
    4.1 How the SMS Actual Users Perceive It
    61(1)
    4.2 What the SMS Actually Does: An Insiders' Perspective
    62(15)
    4.2.1 Conceptual Shortcuts and Assumptions
    63(10)
    4.2.2 Methodological Limitations
    73(3)
    4.2.3 Practical Limitations
    76(1)
    4.3 What Makes Safety So Specific?
    77(2)
    4.4 Conclusion: Beyond the Face Value of the SMS
    79(6)
    Chapter 5 Why Did the SMS Emerge and Spread?
    85(46)
    5.1 New Safety Challenges
    85(3)
    5.1.1 Technological Evolution
    86(1)
    5.1.2 Fragmented and Extended Enterprises
    86(1)
    5.1.3 Interconnected Infrastructures and Organizations
    87(1)
    5.1.4 An Increasing Economic Pressure
    87(1)
    5.2 The Intellectual Context around Safety: Diverse Schools of Thought, Evolving Conceptual Frames
    88(4)
    5.2.1 The Risk Management Perspective on Safety
    89(1)
    5.2.2 The Human Factors and Managerial/Organizational Perspective on Safety
    89(1)
    5.2.3 The Organizational and Social Perspective on Safety
    90(2)
    5.3 A Variety of Motivations to Move toward a New Safety Management Approach
    92(4)
    5.3.1 Insurance Companies: Better Calibrating Premiums
    92(1)
    5.3.2 Industrials: Trauma, Ethics, and Performance
    93(1)
    5.3.3 Regulators: Overcoming the Pitfalls of Command and Control
    94(2)
    5.3.4 Civil Society: A Growing Suspicion
    96(1)
    5.4 An Overall Context Fostering the Convergence toward Safety Management Systems
    96(2)
    5.4.1 An External Injunction to Justify Efficiency and Be Transparent
    96(2)
    5.4.2 The Quality Management Era
    98(1)
    5.5 The Dissemination of the SMS
    98(14)
    5.5.1 Bibliometric Perspective
    99(2)
    5.5.2 The Circulation and Exchange of Safety Management-Related Ideas Across Communities, Industries, and Countries: How Ideas Traveled
    101(11)
    5.6 How Did the SMS Land in Aviation?
    112(10)
    5.6.1 Introduction of the SMS into the Aviation World: Preexisting Safety Landscape and Main Dates
    112(1)
    5.6.2 How Come the Notion of SMS Did Not Reach Aviation Earlier: A Closed World
    113(2)
    5.6.3 Motivations to Change Approaches: A Regulators' Concern above All
    115(2)
    5.6.4 How Did the SMS Make Its Way Through: Internal Forces, Tenuous Bridges between the Closed World of Aviation and the Outside World, or Both?
    117(5)
    5.7 Conclusion: The SMS as an Emanation of the Time and Context within the Industry and Way Beyond
    122(9)
    Chapter 6 Beyond the SMS: Toward More Contextualized Perspectives on Safety
    131(28)
    6.1 Making the SMS a More Efficient Safety Enhancement Approach
    131(8)
    6.1.1 A Broader View of Risk Management: Wider Scope, Time Frame, and Reach
    132(5)
    6.1.2 Managing Risks: More in the Ways of Working Than in the Formal Processes, Methods, and Outcomes
    137(2)
    6.2 Revisiting the Foundations of the SMS: Acknowledging Uncertainty and Its Manifold Impacts
    139(7)
    6.2.1 From Risk Management to Realities in the Field: Coping with Varying Complex and Sometimes Unanticipated Situations
    139(3)
    6.2.2 Acknowledging Uncertainty: Increasing Evidence at All Levels but Remaining Confusion
    142(1)
    6.2.3 Living with Uncertainty: Revisiting the Main Challenges in Today's Context
    143(3)
    6.3 Dimming the Spotlight on Safety to Put It Back in Context: A Condition to Better Apprehend It
    146(7)
    6.3.1 Safety: One Stake among Others, Neither Isolated nor Stand-Alone
    146(2)
    6.3.2 Safety as Competing with Other Stakes: The Trade-Off Perspective (A Zero-Sum Game)
    148(1)
    6.3.3 Safety as Part of the Same Boat as Other Stakes: The Conjoint Perspective
    148(3)
    6.3.4 Fostering Synergies versus Nurturing Tensions: Proposal and Challenges
    151(2)
    6.4 Conclusion: Contextualization, Inclusion, and Humility as Common Denominators Whatever the Ambition
    153(6)
    Chapter 7 Conclusion
    159(8)
    7.1 Insights from Different Versions of the Safety Management System
    159(4)
    7.2 The Proposed Ways Forward
    163(2)
    7.3 A Multidisciplinary Analysis: An Asset to Apprehend Complexity
    165(1)
    7.4 The SMS, a Step Change in Aviation Safety?
    166(1)
    Epilogue: The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Amplifier Case Study 167(1)
    COVID-19: More Than Just a Crisis 167(1)
    Extending the Framework of Risk Analysis 167(4)
    Manifest Uncertainties or the Increasing Evidence of the Illusion of Control 171(1)
    Safety as Part of a Broader Context 172(3)
    Appendix: Description of the Main Aviation Stakeholders 175(4)
    Index 179
    Corinne Bieder is a researcher in Safety Management at the Ecole Nationale de lAviation Civile (French Civil Aviation University). Initially trained as an engineer, she completed her education with a Masters Degree in Risk Management, a Specialized Masters Degree in Ergonomics and a PhD in Sociology and Management Science. She worked in different high-risk industries, especially nuclear and aviation.