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E-raamat: Sanskrit Astronomical Tables

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Sanskrit Astronomical TablesSuurem pilt
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This groundbreaking volume provides an up-to-date, accessible guide to Sanskrit astronomical tables and their analysis. It begins with an overview of Indian mathematical astronomy and its literature, including table texts, in the context of history of pre-modern astronomy. It then discusses the primary mathematical astronomy content of table texts and the attempted taxonomy of this genre before diving into the broad outlines of their representation in the Sanskrit scientific manuscript corpus. Finally, the authors survey the major categories of individual tables compiled in these texts, complete with brief analyses of some of the methods for constructing and using them, and then chronicle the evolution of the table-text genre and the impacts of its changing role on the discipline of Sanskrit jyoti a. There are also three appendices: one inventories all the identified individual works in the genre currently known to the authors; one provides reference information about the details of all the notational, calendric, astronomical, and other classification systems invoked in the study; and one serves as a glossary of the relevant Sanskrit terms.

Arvustused

This is an extremely well-written and useful book. Thanks to its systematic approach and the very readable introductory chapter it has to offer something for every reader interested in one of the numerous aspects of Sanskrit mathematical astronomy. (Benno van Dalen, zbMATH 1459.01001, 2021) The book is rich in various technical details from mathematical astronomy that serious students and researchers would benefit from. There is nevertheless a good deal of material that would be accessible to a wider class of readers. The book under review will no doubt inspire further studies on the topic, serving in particular as a source of technical support for them, and thereby expand the horizons of thetopic. (S. G. Dani, Mathematical Reviews, April, 2020) The authors and the publisher are to be congratulated for bringing to the market and our reference shelves a thorough, well-organized, deeply-researched, and beautifully presented book. I am by no means qualified to comment on the particulars of the authors analyses of the manuscripts they examined. I can say that I enjoyed reading the book and that it broadened my thinking about what mathematics is and what mathematicians do. (Scott Guthery, MAA Reviews, August 24, 2019)

1 Introduction
1(36)
1.1 Overview of pre-modern astronomy
4(14)
1.1.1 Mesopotamian and Egyptian
4(4)
1.1.2 Hellenistic: Greek-primary discourse
8(3)
1.1.3 East Asian: Chinese-primary discourse
11(2)
1.1.4 South Asian: Sanskrit-primary discourse
13(3)
1.1.5 Islamicate: Arabic-primary discourse
16(2)
1.2 Overview of classical Indian mathematical astronomy
18(6)
1.2.1 Astronomy and mathematics
19(1)
1.2.2 The topics of astronomical computation
19(4)
1.2.3 The paksas or parameter schools
23(1)
1.3 Astrological aspects of jyotisa
24(3)
1.3.1 Divination from omens or samhita
24(1)
1.3.2 Celestial forecasting and horoscopes
25(1)
1.3.3 Fundamental astrological concepts
25(2)
1.4 Text genres in classical jyotisa
27(5)
1.4.1 The comprehensive treatise or siddhanta
28(1)
1.4.2 The astronomical handbook or karana
29(1)
1.4.3 The annual calendar or pahcanga
29(2)
1.4.4 Astrological and miscellaneous works
31(1)
1.4.5 The astronomical table text
32(1)
1.5 Tables and Sanskrit astral sciences in the second millennium
32(5)
1.5.1 Origins and development of Sanskrit tables
32(2)
1.5.2 The influence of Islamic tables
34(1)
1.5.3 Concurrent developments in jyotisa
35(2)
2 Content and classification of table texts
37(34)
2.1 Computing astronomical quantities
37(21)
2.1.1 Mean motions
37(1)
2.1.2 True motions: manda longitude/velocity corrections
38(3)
2.1.3 True motions: slghra longitude/velocity corrections
41(2)
2.1.4 Synodic phenomena
43(3)
2.1.5 Times, ascensions, and shadows
46(5)
2.1.6 Eclipses
51(3)
2.1.7 The mahapatas or luni-solar symmetries
54(3)
2.1.8 Trigonometry
57(1)
2.2 Approximation of numerical values in table entries
58(7)
2.2.1 Interpolation procedures
59(2)
2.2.2 Precision of data values
61(4)
2.3 Classification schemata for table texts
65(6)
2.3.1 Classification by table type or paksa
66(1)
2.3.2 Classification by computational structure
67(4)
3 Table-text manuscripts
71(24)
3.1 Table texts in Sanskrit scientific manuscript collections
71(12)
3.1.1 General surveys in SATIUS and SATE
73(1)
3.1.2 Smith Indie and Smith Sanskrit Collections, Columbia University
74(2)
3.1.3 Gaekwad Collection, India Office Library
76(1)
3.1.4 Wellcome Library
76(1)
3.1.5 Chandra Shum Shere Collection, Bodleian Library
77(1)
3.1.6 Maharaja Man Singh II Museum, Jaipur
78(1)
3.1.7 Some miscellaneous collections in north India
79(2)
3.1.8 Collections in Kerala and Tamil Nadu
81(2)
3.2 Spatial and graphical characteristics of table-text manuscripts
83(12)
3.2.1 Notation and layout conventions
83(4)
3.2.2 Scribal errors, emendations and markup
87(8)
4 Elements of table texts
95(94)
4.1 Mean longitudinal displacement
95(10)
4.2 True longitudes and velocities
105(11)
4.2.1 Correcting longitude and velocity for mamfa-inequality
105(4)
4.2.2 Correcting longitude and velocity for %/jra-inequality
109(4)
4.2.3 True longitude and velocity in mean-to-true table texts
113(1)
4.2.4 True longitude and velocity in cyclic table texts
113(3)
4.3 Synodic phenomena of planets
116(1)
4.4 Terrestrial latitude and longitude
117(2)
4.5 Ascensions and ascendant
119(12)
4.6 Mean time correction functions
131(6)
4.7 Ecliptic declination
137(2)
4.8 Tables specific to eclipses
139(17)
4.8.1 Lunar-nodal elongation
140(2)
4.8.2 Lunar latitude
142(1)
4.8.3 Apparent diameters of sun, moon, and shadow
142(2)
4.8.4 Duration of eclipse stages
144(2)
4.8.5 Eclipse deflection (valana)
146(6)
4.8.6 Lunar parallax
152(4)
4.9 Lunar latitude
156(4)
4.10 Calendric tables
160(15)
4.11 The mahapatas
175(1)
4.11.1 Patasaranl of Ganesa
175(1)
4.12 Trigonometric functions
176(5)
4.13 Astrological tables
181(8)
5 The evolution of the table-text genre
189(54)
5.1 Rajamrganka of Bhojaraja
189(3)
5.2 Grahajhana of Asadhara
192(7)
5.2.1 Textual algorithms as alternatives to table use
193(3)
5.2.2 Textual instructions for table use
196(2)
5.2.3 Influences and impacts
198(1)
5.3 BrahmatulyasaranT and Laghukhecarasiddhi
199(12)
5.3.1 The Karanakutuhala of Bhaskara
199(2)
5.3.2 BrahmatulyasaranT: Overview
201(1)
5.3.3 Laghukhecarasiddhi: Overview
202(1)
5.3.4 Adapting karana algorithms to kosthaka tables
203(8)
5.4 Mahadevi of Mahadeva
211(8)
5.4.1 The first "canonical" kosthaka
213(2)
5.4.2 LaghumahadevT
215(3)
5.4.3 Characteristics of /agWcondensed versions in general
218(1)
5.5 Makaranda of Makaranda
219(5)
5.5.1 Some noteworthy features of the Makaranda
220(2)
5.5.2 The Makaranda and the Saurapaksa canon
222(2)
5.6 Major works of the Ganesapaksa
224(11)
5.6.1 Grahaldghava/Siddhantarahasya of Ganesa
225(3)
5.6.2 Table texts called GrahalaghavasarinT
228(1)
5.6.3 Tithicintamani and Brhattithicintamani of Ganesa
229(6)
5.7 Jagadbhusana of Haridatta
235(5)
5.8 Summary
240(3)
6 Further explorations
243(18)
6.1 Interactions with other table-text traditions
243(7)
6.1.1 Yantraraja of Mahendra: Manual on astrolabes, Delhi, 1370
244(1)
6.1.2 Siddhantasindhu of Nityananda: Translated zij, Delhi, 1628
245(3)
6.1.3 Phirangicandracchedyopayogika: European lunar theory, Jaipur, 1734
248(2)
6.2 Regional, institutional, and intellectual trends in table-text authorship
250(1)
6.3 The roles of scribes and users in creating and modifying table texts
251(4)
6.4 Future directions
255(6)
Appendices
A Inventory of Sanskrit table texts
261(10)
B Classification schemata and parameters
271(8)
B.1 Astronomical and calendric name-lists
271(5)
B.2 Parameter sets of the paksas
276(3)
C Sanskrit technical terms
279(16)
C.1 The Sanskrit alphabet
279(1)
C.2 Technical vocabulary for tables
279(1)
C.2.1 Names for table-text compositions
279(3)
C.3 Glossary of Sanskrit terms
282(13)
D Credits and Acknowledgements
295(4)
Bibliography 299
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