Preface |
|
xv | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xvii | |
About the Author |
|
xix | |
|
Introduction to Satellite Communications |
|
|
1 | (34) |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
Satellite Transmission Bands |
|
|
4 | (10) |
|
Satellite Signal Regeneration |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
Satellite Transmission Chain |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Satellite Applications with IPv6 Implications |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Non-Geostationary Satellites |
|
|
23 | (3) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Medium Earth Orbits (MEO)/Intermediate Circular Orbits |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEOs) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
Glossary of Key Satellite Concepts and Terms |
|
|
26 | (7) |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
Electromagnetic Propagation and Reception |
|
|
35 | (28) |
|
Basic RF Terms and Concepts |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
Basic Transmission Theory Concepts |
|
|
37 | (20) |
|
|
37 | (13) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (6) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Appendix 2A: Maxwell Equations |
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
Antenna Engineering Basics |
|
|
63 | (40) |
|
|
63 | (9) |
|
|
72 | (6) |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) |
|
|
80 | (4) |
|
Antenna Gain-to-Noise-Temperature (G/T) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
|
86 | (8) |
|
Copolar Side-Lobe Guidelines |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Cross-Polar Side-Lobe Guidelines |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Coverage Area of Satellite-Based Antenna |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
Satellite-Based Antennas and Shaped Beams |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Appendix 3A: Amplifier Preemphasis |
|
|
96 | (5) |
|
Appendix 3B: FCC Rules on EIRP Density |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
Modulation and Multiplexing Techniques |
|
|
103 | (40) |
|
|
103 | (33) |
|
Analog Frequency Modulation |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
Analog Amplitude Modulation |
|
|
105 | (3) |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Digital Modulation and Constellations |
|
|
108 | (11) |
|
|
119 | (7) |
|
Filters and Roll-Off Factors |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
Nyquist/Raised Cosine Filter |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Transmitter-Receiver Matched Filters |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Filter Bandwidth Parameter Alpha |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (5) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Error Correction Techniques |
|
|
143 | (20) |
|
|
143 | (13) |
|
Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC) |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
Serially Concatenated Convolutional Code (SCCC) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Low-Density Parity Check Code (LDPC) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Specific Satellite Applications (DVB-S2) |
|
|
156 | (5) |
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
|
163 | (36) |
|
|
163 | (11) |
|
Parameters Required to Analyze Link |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Receive System Total System Noise Temperature |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Receive System Figure of Merit---(GIT) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Basic Link Analysis Approach |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (6) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
Satellite Link Budget Model |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Satellite Power Transfer and Back-Off |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Unity Antenna-Flux Density Conversion |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (10) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Performance Equations---FM |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Digital Modulation Performance |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Fade Characterization-Path Geometry |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Fade Characterization-Transmission Frequency |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Digital Modulator Output Bandwidth |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Bandwidth Calculation and Spectral Efficiency |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Example Bandwidth Calculation |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Example Spectral Efficiency Calculation |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Error Performance of Digital Modulation |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Appendix 6A: Formulas Generally Used in Link Budget Analysis |
|
|
195 | (4) |
|
|
199 | (84) |
|
Opportunities Offered by IPv6 |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
Introductory Overview of IPv6 |
|
|
204 | (11) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Traditional Addressing Classes for IPv4 |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Network Address Translation Issues in IPv4 |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Basic Protocol Constructs |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
210 | (5) |
|
Migration and Coexistence |
|
|
215 | (3) |
|
IPv6 Addressing Mechanisms |
|
|
218 | (5) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Addressing Issues/Reachability |
|
|
219 | (4) |
|
|
223 | (4) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Link-Local (Unicast) Addresses |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Unspecified (Unicast) Address |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Loopback (Unicast) Address |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Compatibility (Unicast) Addresses |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Addresses for Hosts and Routers |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Mapping EUI-64 Addresses to IPv6 Interface Identifiers |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Mapping IEEE 802 Addresses to IPv6 Interface Identifiers |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Randomly Generated Interface Identifiers |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (4) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
Protocol-Support Mechanisms |
|
|
230 | (4) |
|
Routing and Route Management |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
235 | (3) |
|
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
IPv6 and Related Protocols (Details) |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (12) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Hop-by-Hop Options Header |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (3) |
|
|
250 | (4) |
|
Destination Options Header |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Upper-Layer Protocol Issues |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Maximum Upper-Layer Payload Size |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Responding to Packets Carrying Routing Headers |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Semantics and Usage of the Flow Label Field |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Formatting Guidelines for Options |
|
|
259 | (3) |
|
Introduction to Addressing |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
262 | (10) |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Text Representation of Addresses |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Text Representation of Address Prefixes |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Address Type Identification |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Local-Use IPv6 Unicast Addresses |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Predefined Multicast Addresses |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
A Node's Required Addresses |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
IANA Considerations: The Initial Assignment of IPv6 Address Space |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Creating Modified EUI-64 Format Interface Identifiers |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
Links or Nodes with IEEE EUI-64 Identifiers |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Links or Nodes with IEEE 802 48-Bit MACs |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Links with Other Kinds of Identifiers |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Links without Identifiers |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
64-Bit Global Identifier (EUI-64) Registration Authority |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Distribution Restrictions |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Application Documentation |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Manufacturer-Assigned Identifiers |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
More on Transition Approaches and Mechanisms |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Appendix 7A: Header Compression |
|
|
278 | (5) |
|
Carrying IPv4, IPv6, and TCP over Satellite Links |
|
|
283 | (22) |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Systems |
|
|
286 | (7) |
|
Issues Related to TCP support |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
TCP Performance-Affecting Mechanisms |
|
|
295 | (8) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (2) |
|
Performance Improvements for TCP over Satellite Links |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Gateways/Performance Enhancement Proxies (PEP) |
|
|
299 | (3) |
|
Application-Level Approaches |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
Satellite Communication in IPv6 Environments |
|
|
305 | (12) |
|
Motivations for IPv6 Support |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
Initiatives for IPv6 Support |
|
|
307 | (6) |
|
The European Space Agency (ESA) Project |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
European Commission's Seventh Framework Program |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
The European IPv6 Task Force |
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
The ``Anywhere, Anytime Internet Access'' Project |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Satellite Broadband Multimedia System for IPv6 (SATIP6) Project |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Actual IPv6 Satellite Demos and Services |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
IPv6 Implementation Scenarios and Issues |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
Appendix A: Preparation for IPv6 in Satellite Communications |
|
|
317 | (12) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
A.3 Satellite Specific Protocol Issues for IPv6 |
|
|
319 | (3) |
|
A.3.1 Link Characteristics |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
A.3.2 Satellite Specific Link Layers |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
A.3.2.2 DVB-RCS Link Layer |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
A.3.3.1 Header Compression |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
A.3.3.4 IPv6 Mobility Support |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
A.3.4 Enhanced Transport Layer Protocols |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
A.3.5 Network Management and AAA Issues |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
A.4 Impact of IPv6 on Satellite Network Architectures and Services |
|
|
322 | (3) |
|
A.4.1 Investigation of Various Satellite Architectures |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
A.4.2 Investigation of Modified Service Offerings |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
A.4.2.1 IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SAS) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
A.4.2.2 End-to-End IP Addressing |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
A.4.2.3 Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
A.4.2.5 Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGAs) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
A.4.3 Detailed Transition Plans |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
A.4.3.1 Transition Plan for a DVB-S/SCPC Teleport |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
A.4.3.2 Transition Plan for a DVB-S/RCS Teleport |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
A.5 IPv6 Demonstration over Satellite |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
A.5.1 Demonstration Scenario 1: IABG |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
A.5.2 Demonstration Scenario 2: SILK |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
A.6 Dissemination of Project Activities and Results |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
A.7 Key Results and Recommendations |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
A.7.1 Protocol Level Viewpoint |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
A.7.2 Address Resolution and Configuration |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
A.7.3 System and Architectural Viewpoint |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
A.7.4 Recommendable Standardization, Dissemination, and Deployment Activities |
|
|
328 | (1) |
Index |
|
329 | |