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E-raamat: Scalability, Density, and Decision Making in Cognitive Wireless Networks

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(University of Southern California)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139848008
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Scalability, Density, and Decision Making in Cognitive Wireless NetworksSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139848008
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This cohesive treatment of cognitive radio and networking technology integrates information and decision theory to provide insight into relationships throughout all layers of networks and across all wireless applications. It encompasses conventional considerations of spectrum and waveform selection and covers topology determination, routing policies, content positioning and future hybrid architectures that fully integrate wireless and wired services. Emerging flexibility in spectrum regulation and the imminent adoption of spectrum-sharing policies make this topic of immediate relevance both to the research community and to the commercial wireless community. Features specific examples of decision-making structures and criteria required to extend network density and scaling to unprecedented levels Integrates sensing, control plane and content operations into a single cohesive structure Provides simpler and more powerful models of network operation Presents a unique approach to decision-making and to mechanisms for adjusting control plane activity to ensure network scaling Generalises the concepts of shared and adaptive spectrum policies Addresses network transport operations and dynamic management of cognitive wireless networks' own information seeking behaviour

Arvustused

'This is an extremely important text that comes at a critical time in the evolution of our understanding of both the characteristics of the spectrum need and the means by which this increasingly urgent need can be satisfied. [ Marshall] has been one of the long term leaders in the development of the framework for dynamic spectrum access networks and cognitive radio technology, giving him a historic as well as current perspective on the challenges. The insights in this book should be of enormous value to students, active researchers, wireless systems developers, and regulatory and policy leaders.' Dennis A. Roberson, Illinois Institute of Technology ' highly original and brilliantly insightful. Preston Marshall has examined cognitive technologies under three essential key headings - scalability, density and decision-making. In doing this he unlocks the power of cognitive technologies and builds a realisable and compelling vision for communication networks of the future. Every section is full of new ideas and insights that could only be written by someone who has been a leader in this field and has a handle on the bigger picture as well as a deep understanding of the technical details. This book is so far removed from the myriad of books that simple relate information to the reader. It is packed full of ideas, opinions and most crucially supporting evidence a breath of fresh air essential reading for someone who has any interest in how the challenges for communication systems of the future will be met.' Linda Doyle, University of Dublin ' a refreshing take I strongly recommend this book to both scholars and experts in the field, and I am convinced that it will be frequently used as reference material for all interested in the future potential of cognitive wireless networks.' Shaunak Joshi, IEEE Communications Magazine

Muu info

Learn to integrate information and decision theory to extend network density and scaling to unprecedented levels.
Preface xiii
Part I Overview
1(92)
1 Introduction
3(15)
1.1 The challenge of dense and scalable wireless systems
3(4)
1.2 Objectives of this book
7(2)
1.3 Analysis architecture and book organization
9(6)
1.4 Further reading
15(3)
Problems
15(1)
References
16(2)
2 Theoretical foundations
18(35)
2.1 Introduction to theoretical considerations in wireless systems
18(1)
2.2 Decision theory in cognitive wireless systems
18(22)
2.2.1 Role of decision theory
18(1)
2.2.2 Belief, plausibility, and certainty
19(2)
2.2.3 Application to the wireless problem
21(1)
2.2.4 Information-seeking behavior and evidence
22(1)
2.2.5 Dempster-Shafer theory: A theory of belief
23(4)
2.2.6 Implementation of DST within decision systems
27(7)
2.2.7 Decisional impacts of DST
34(2)
2.2.8 Arithmetic, logical, and relational operations on DST estimates
36(2)
2.2.9 Implementation concepts
38(2)
2.3 Information theory in cognitive wireless systems
40(4)
2.3.1 Introduction to information theory
40(1)
2.3.2 Measuring information content
40(3)
2.3.3 Channel capacity
43(1)
2.3.4 Relevance to cognitive wireless systems
43(1)
2.4 Methods of characterizing the information-access behaviors
44(2)
2.4.1 Content access distribution
44(2)
2.5 Fundamental device, circuit, and implementation constraints
46(1)
2.5.1 Nonlinear effects
46(1)
2.6 Summary
47(1)
2.7 Further reading
48(5)
Problems
49(2)
References
51(2)
3 Future wireless operation, environments, and dynamic spectrum access
53(21)
3.1 Overview
53(1)
3.2 Conventional modes of operation
54(2)
3.2.1 Direct links
54(1)
3.2.2 Peer-to-peer (P2P)
54(1)
3.2.3 Hub/spoke wireless
55(1)
3.2.4 Existing or potential hybrid modes
56(1)
3.3 Future methods for management of density
56(3)
3.4 Spectrum sharing and noise environments
59(3)
3.5 Initial DSA objectives
62(1)
3.6 Evolving DSA objectives for density and scaling
63(2)
3.7 Emerging commercial wireless realities
65(2)
3.8 Dynamic spectrum access as an explicit assumption in all future wireless systems and environments
67(1)
3.9 Regulatory actions to establish new spectrum regimes
68(1)
3.10 Summary
69(1)
3.11 Further reading
70(4)
Problems
70(1)
References
71(3)
4 Some fundamental challenges in cognitive radio and wireless network systems
74(19)
4.1 Introduction to wireless system challenges
74(1)
4.2 Evolution of wireless and mobile architectures
74(3)
4.3 Classes of wireless architectures
77(3)
4.3.1 Wireless link management and multiplexing
77(1)
4.3.2 Methods of duplexing
78(1)
4.3.3 Wireless network topology
79(1)
4.3.4 Composite network organization
80(1)
4.4 Recent trends in wireless architectures
80(3)
4.5 Convergence of structured and unstructured networking
83(1)
4.6 Constraining aspects of nonlinear and discrete effects
83(1)
4.7 Key objectives and metrics for introducing cognitive processes to wireless systems
84(1)
4.8 Metrics for wireless network effectiveness
85(4)
4.8.1 Spectrum usage effectiveness metric
85(3)
4.8.2 Architecture effectiveness metric
88(1)
4.8.3 Information-theoretic effectiveness metric
88(1)
4.9 Summary
89(1)
4.10 Further reading
90(3)
Problems
90(1)
References
91(2)
Part II Generalized environmental characterization
93(46)
5 The spectrum and channel environment
95(17)
5.1 Introduction to wireless physical-layer environments
95(3)
5.2 Initial spectrum occupancy and availability
98(7)
5.2.1 General characteristics of spectrum distributions
98(2)
5.2.2 Fixed bandwidth channel-occupancy probability
100(3)
5.2.3 Proportional bandwidth filter band occupancy probability
103(2)
5.3 Induced effects on spectrum occupancy, availability, and nonlinear effects
105(1)
5.4 Effects on front-end performance
106(2)
5.5 Summary
108(1)
5.6 Further reading
109(3)
Problems
109(1)
References
110(2)
6 Propagation modeling, characterization, and control
112(8)
6.1 Approach to propagation analysis
112(1)
6.2 Propagation physics
112(4)
6.2.1 Overview of propagation effects
112(2)
6.2.2 Realistic modeling of propagation
114(1)
6.2.3 More complex models of propagation
115(1)
6.3 Empirically derived complex propagation models
116(2)
6.4 Summary
118(1)
6.5 Further reading
118(2)
Problems
119(1)
References
119(1)
7 The connectivity environment
120(9)
7.1 Introduction to connectivity characterization
120(1)
7.2 Characterization of propagation conditions
121(1)
7.3 Impact of propagation on network density
122(4)
7.4 Trades in link reliability
126(1)
7.5 Trades in connectivity and bandwidth
127(1)
7.6 Summary
127(1)
7.7 Further reading
127(2)
Problems
128(1)
8 The information and content environment
129(10)
8.1 Introduction to information and content analysis
129(3)
8.2 Quantification of temporal, community, and geographic correlation of traffic
132(1)
8.3 Observed distribution characteristics of Internet traffic
133(1)
8.4 Use of routing information throughout wireless networks
134(1)
8.5 Summary
135(1)
8.6 Further reading
136(3)
Problems
136(1)
References
136(3)
Part III System performance of cognitive wireless systems
139(92)
9 Network scaling
141(23)
9.1 Approach to network scaling analysis
141(1)
9.2 Routing analysis
142(2)
9.3 Network topology formation
144(1)
9.4 Topology analysis considerations
144(4)
9.4.1 An overly simplistic network scaling model (table-driven)
146(1)
9.4.2 How the Internet handles scaling
147(1)
9.5 Access to external content
148(2)
9.6 Connectivity
150(2)
9.7 Infrastructure access
152(1)
9.8 Modeling hybrid networks
153(4)
9.9 Approach to heterogeneous network architectures
157(1)
9.10 Integration of backhaul and external services
158(1)
9.11 Decision methods for achieving network scaling
158(1)
9.12 Anticipated results of network scaling decision making
159(2)
9.13 Summary
161(1)
9.14 Further reading
161(3)
Problems
162(1)
References
162(2)
10 Network physical density limitations
164(27)
10.1 Approach to network density analysis
164(1)
10.2 Impact of density-induced interference
165(4)
10.3 Probability of interference
169(2)
10.4 Density scaling models
171(7)
10.4.1 An overly simplistic network density model
171(1)
10.4.2 Network density as a function of area
172(1)
10.4.3 Modulation order to achieve density
173(2)
10.4.4 Impact of modulation order and propagation differences on density
175(3)
10.5 Interference-free compared with interference-tolerant operation
178(5)
10.5.1 Issues with non-interfering DSA
178(1)
10.5.2 Time-domain interference-tolerant DSA
179(4)
10.6 Physical-layer implications for scaling and density
183(3)
10.7 Decision methods for achieving physical density
186(1)
10.7.1 Indications of physical density conditions
186(1)
10.7.2 Physical density controlling decisions
187(1)
10.8 Anticipated results of physical density decision making
187(1)
10.9 Summary
188(1)
10.10 Further reading
189(2)
Problems
189(1)
References
190(1)
11 Network sensing and exchange information effectiveness
191(11)
11.1 Information-theoretic analysis of sensing and information exchange
191(1)
11.2 Sensing periodicities
192(4)
11.2.1 Environmental entropy, and temporal mutual information
192(3)
11.2.2 Spatial mutual information
195(1)
11.3 Sensing role in first and third-party communications protection
196(1)
11.3.1 Sensing for protection of third parties
196(1)
11.3.2 Sensing for optimizing first-party operation
196(1)
11.3.3 Rate of environmental changes
197(1)
11.4 Decision-making structure for wireless systems
197(1)
11.5 Decision methods for achieving information-theoretic effectiveness
198(1)
11.6 Anticipated results of sensing and exchange effectiveness decision making
198(1)
11.7 Summary
199(1)
11.8 Further reading
199(3)
Problems
200(1)
References
201(1)
12 Content-access effectiveness
202(17)
12.1 Implementation of content persistence within wireless systems
202(1)
12.2 Content-based networking concepts and architectures
203(2)
12.3 Existing models for content-based network services
205(6)
12.3.1 Cambridge Haggle
205(1)
12.3.2 Content-centric networking (CCN)
206(4)
12.3.3 Delay/disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) bundles
210(1)
12.4 Content-persistence model
211(1)
12.5 A performance model of content-centered network operation
212(1)
12.6 Decision methods for achieving content-access effectiveness
213(1)
12.7 Anticipated results of content-access-effectiveness decision making
213(1)
12.8 Summary
214(1)
12.9 Further reading
215(4)
Problems
216(1)
References
217(2)
13 Minimizing nonlinear circuit effects
219(12)
13.1 Approach to avoiding nonlinear effects
219(1)
13.2 Traditional design approaches to avoid nonlinear effects
219(1)
13.3 Performance implications of avoiding nonlinear effects
220(2)
13.4 Recognition and evidence regarding front-end filter effects
222(1)
13.5 Mechanisms and decision trades for avoiding nonlinear effects
222(2)
13.6 Decision methods for avoiding nonlinear effects
224(2)
13.7 Anticipated results of decisions
226(2)
13.8 Summary
228(1)
13.9 Further reading
228(3)
Problems
228(1)
References
229(2)
Part IV Integrated awareness and decision making
231(70)
14 Awareness structure for cognitive wireless systems
233(19)
14.1 Introduction
233(1)
14.2 A closed-loop model of cognitive operation
234(2)
14.3 Candidate taxonomy of hypotheses
236(3)
14.4 Measurement basis for hypotheses values
239(11)
14.5 Summary
250(1)
14.6 Further reading
250(2)
Problems
250(1)
References
251(1)
15 Instantiating and updating beliefs across wireless networks
252(18)
15.1 A hierarchical model of physical awareness and belief
252(4)
15.2 An object-oriented model of the cognitive decision loop
256(1)
15.3 Establishing initial beliefs
256(1)
15.4 Updating beliefs based on evidence and experience
257(4)
15.4.1 Merging of boolean beliefs
258(1)
15.4.2 Merging of interval beliefs
259(2)
15.5 Derived beliefs
261(1)
15.6 Determining capacity and threshold beliefs
262(1)
15.7 Quantifying experience-driven beliefs
263(1)
15.8 Decay of confidence in time-variant beliefs
264(2)
15.9 Implementing decisions and decision beliefs
266(1)
15.10 Summary
267(1)
15.11 Further reading
267(3)
Problems
268(1)
References
268(2)
16 Decision-making structure for cognitive wireless systems
270(31)
16.1 Integrated analysis of network decision making
270(1)
16.2 Optimality versus adequacy
271(1)
16.3 Management of uncertainty
272(5)
16.4 A sample cognitive-network decision process
277(17)
16.4.1 Band change and selection
278(1)
16.4.2 Frequency change and selection
279(1)
16.4.3 Content-persistence policies
280(3)
16.4.4 Topological structure
283(2)
16.4.5 Sensing periodicity
285(3)
16.4.6 Routing exchange
288(1)
16.4.7 Waveform/bandwidth selection
289(5)
16.5 Establishing specific values of operating variables
294(2)
16.6 Summary
296(2)
16.7 Further reading
298(3)
Problems
298(2)
References
300(1)
Part V Summary
301(14)
17 Further research needs in cognitive wireless networks
303(12)
17.1 Introduction
303(1)
17.2 Cognitive wireless research needs
303(3)
17.2.1 Question #1 - fundamental capacity benefits
304(1)
17.2.2 Question #2 - awareness and decision processes
304(1)
17.2.3 Question #3 - application to economically viable wireless systems
305(1)
17.3 Impediments to research
306(5)
17.3.1 Impediment #1 - technological partitioning
306(1)
17.3.2 Impediment #2 - conservative principles
307(1)
17.3.3 Impediment #3 - validation models
308(1)
17.3.4 Impediment #4 - confidence in regulatory acceptance
308(2)
17.3.5 Impediment #5 - implementation technology
310(1)
17.4 Conclusions
311(4)
Problems
311(1)
References
312(3)
Part VI Appendices
315(21)
Appendix A Abbreviations
317(5)
Appendix B Symbols
322(6)
Appendix C Mathematica and Matlab routines
328(8)
Index 336
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