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E-raamat: Scattering Methods and their Application in Colloid and Interface Science

(Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jan-2018
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128135815
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Scattering Methods and their Application in Colloid and Interface ScienceSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jan-2018
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128135815
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Scattering Methods and their Application in Colloid and Interface Science offers an overview of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques (SAXS & SANS), as well as static and dynamic light scattering (SLS & DLS). These scattering techniques are central to the study of soft matter, such as colloidal dispersions and surfactant self-assembly. The theoretical concepts are followed by an overview of instrumentation and a detailed description of the evaluation techniques in the first part of the book. In the second part, several typical application examples are used to show the strength and limitations of these techniques.

  • Features the latest input from the world-leading expert with personal experience in all the fields covered (SAXS, SANS, SLS and DLS)
  • Includes unified notation throughout the book to enhance its readability
  • Provides—in a single source—scattering theory, evaluation of techniques and a variety of applications
Preface ix
1 Interference, Rayleigh---Debye---Gans Theory
Interference of Scattered Waves
1(4)
Rayleigh---Debye---Gans Theory
5(3)
Dilute Systems
8(10)
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18(1)
2 General Theorems and Special Case
The Radius of Gyration and the Guinier Approximation
19(1)
Final Slope of the Scattering Curve, Porod Law
20(1)
Particles With Spherical Symmetry
21(2)
Rectangular Prisms
23(1)
Rod-Like Particles and Cylinders
24(2)
Flat Lamellar Particles
26(3)
Aggregates
29(1)
Polydisperse Systems
30(2)
Conclusion
32(2)
3 The Inverse Scattering Problem
Monodisperse Systems: Shape of Homogeneous Particles
34(12)
Hollow and Inhomogeneous Particles: Scattering Functions and PDDFs
46(8)
Direct Methods for Structure Determination
54(6)
Oligomers, Aggregates
60(2)
Scattering from Polymer Chains
62(6)
Scattering From Proteins
68(1)
Scattering From Fractals
69(1)
Evaluation of Parameters
70(4)
Conclusion
74(1)
4 Concentration Effects, Interactions
Introduction, Structure Factor
75(1)
Microstructure and Scattering
76(5)
Ornstein---Zernike Equation and Closure Relations
81(9)
Effect of Polydispersity
90(2)
Lamellar Phases
92(2)
Hexagonal Phases
94(1)
Conclusion
94(1)
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95(3)
5 Absolute Intensity, SAXS, and SANS
Scattering Cross-Section, Scattering Length
98(4)
Molecular Weight
102(4)
Scattering Length Densities
106(2)
Volume of a Particle
108(1)
Surface of a Particle, Specific Surface
108(1)
Conclusion
109(2)
6 Contrast Variation The Contrast
111(12)
Selective Deuteration
115(1)
Increasing a Contrast
116(1)
Decreasing a Contrast
117(1)
Contrast Matching
117(1)
Creation of Contrast
118(1)
Label Triangulation
118(1)
Anomalous Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
119(1)
Spin Contrast Variation
120(1)
Conclusion
120(3)
7 Instrumentation for SAXS and SANS X-Rays
123(14)
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Cameras
125(5)
Mathematical Description of the Instrumental Effects
130(4)
Neutrons
134(1)
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Cameras
135(1)
Conclusion
136(1)
8 Numerical Methods Primary Data Handling
137(39)
Smoothing, Desmearing, and Fourier Transformation
141(1)
The Indirect Fourier Transformation Method
142(10)
Special Transformations, IFT for Rod-like, Lamellar, or Polydisperse Systems
152(2)
Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation
154(6)
Convolution Square Root
160(8)
Calculation of Model Functions
168(5)
Conclusion
173(3)
9 Static Light Scattering From Small Particles
Static Light Scattering From Small Particles: Rayleigh---Debye---Gans Scattering
176(5)
Fluctuations Theory for Real, Diluted Solutions
181(1)
Consideration of the Size of the Particles: P(θ)
182(1)
The Zimm Plot
183(1)
Polydisperse Systems
184(1)
Conclusion
185(1)
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185(5)
10 Light Scattering From Large Particles: Lorenz --- Mie Theory Solution of the Inverse Scattering Problem for Homogeneous Monodisperse Systems
190(33)
Spherical Particles
191(5)
Nonspherical Particles (Spheroids With Elliptical Cross-section)
196(3)
Inhomogeneous Particles
199(3)
Static Light Scattering From Polydisperse Systems
202(10)
Multiple Scattering
212(4)
Experimental Set-up
216(5)
Conclusion
221(1)
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221(2)
11 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Light Scattering From Diffusing Particles
223(43)
Fluctuations, Time Correlation
225(2)
Homodyne Method
227(1)
Diffusion and Correlation Function
228(1)
Laser Beam and Coherence Area
229(2)
Single-Mode and Few-Mode Fibers
231(2)
Some Practical Aspects
233(1)
Heterodyne Method
233(4)
Particles in a Constant Flow, Heterodyne Experiment
237(1)
Signal Recording and Sample Time
237(1)
Polydisperse Systems
238(1)
Depolarized Dynamic Light Scattering
239(4)
Concentration Effects
243(3)
Multiple Scattering, Cross-Correlation Techniques
246(1)
Electrophoretic Dynamic Light Scattering
247(6)
Non-Ergodic Systems
253(9)
Conclusion
262(1)
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263(3)
12 Dilute Systems: Practical Aspects---Applications Practical Aspects of Measurements
266(33)
Preliminary Data Treatment
266(1)
Guinier and Porod Plots
266(2)
Background
268(1)
Scattering Curve and Pair --- Distance Distribution Function
269(1)
Indirect Fourier Transformation Method
269(7)
Application of Small-Angle Scattering to Self-Assembling Systems
276(13)
Specific Surface, S/V
289(1)
Sizing of Nanoparticles by Using Small-Angle Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering
290(2)
Combination of Static and Dynamic Light Scattering, Discrimination of Large Impurities
292(2)
Dynamic Light Scattering and Static Light Scattering Measurements in a Flow
294(5)
13 Concentrated, Interacting Systems: Practical Aspects, Applications
Introduction
299(4)
Application of the Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation Method, Uncharged, Hard-Sphere Systems
303(12)
Charged Systems
315(6)
Systems With Attractive Interaction
321(8)
Bicontinuous Systems: Applicability of the GIFT Method, Comparison With Teubner---Strey Model
329(7)
Further General Aspects of Interacting Systems
336(1)
Special Situation of Interacting Systems With Low Overall Contrast
337(4)
14 Glasses, Liquid Crystals, and Gels Glassy System Formed by Block Copolymer Micelles
341(20)
Dense Emulsions
344(2)
Liquid Crystals
346(15)
Appendix 361(8)
References 369(16)
Index 385
Otto Glatter is a distinguished Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Karl-Franzens-University in Graz, Austria. He finished the undergraduate studies with a diploma thesis in Theoretical Physics at the Technological University of Graz, Austria in 1969. He received his Ph.D. from the Technological University in Graz in 1972.

During the last ten years he focused on the development of new, nano-structured materials with hierarchical organization. He published more than 170 papers in international scientific journals and was invited to more than 75 international conferences as plenary lecturer, keynote speaker of invited speaker. He organized two international conferences and four international workshops.

In 2012 he received the Guinier Prize 2012, Sydney, Australia; in 2013 the Overbeek Gold Medal 2013, ECIS, Limassol, Cyprus, and in 2016 the Lectureship Award of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan. He is the editor of the book Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1982, Academic Press).
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