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E-raamat: Self-Healing Composites: Shape Memory Polymer Based Structures

(University of Washington)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Sep-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118452455
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Self-Healing Composites: Shape Memory Polymer Based StructuresSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Sep-2014
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118452455
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"We hope this book will provide some background information for readers who are interested in using SMPs for self-healing"--

In this book, the self-healing of composite structures with shape memory polymer as either matrix or embedded suture is systematically discussed. Self-healing has been well known in biological systems for many years: a typical example is the self-healing of human skin. Whilst a minor wound can be self-closed by blood clotting, a deep and wide cut needs external help by suturing. Inspired by this observation, this book proposes a two-step close-then-heal (CTH) scheme for healing wide-opened cracks in composite structures–by constrained shape recovery first, followed by molecular healing. It is demonstrated that the CTH scheme can heal wide-opened structural cracks repeatedly, efficiently, timely, and molecularly. It is believed that self-healing represents the next-generation technology and will become an engineering reality in the near future.

The book consists of both fundamental background and practical skills for implementing the CTH scheme, with additional focus on understanding strain memory versus stress memory and healing efficiency evaluation under various fracture modes. Potential applications to civil engineering structures, including sealant for bridge decks and concrete pavements, and rutting resistant asphalt pavements, are also explored. This book will help readers to understand this emerging field, and to establish a framework for new innovation in this direction.

Key features:

  • explores potential applications of shape memory polymers in civil engineering structures, which is believed to be unique within the literature
  • balanced testing and mathematical modeling, useful for both academic researchers and practitioners
  • the self-healing scheme is based on physical change of polymers and is written in an easy to understand style for engineering professionals without a strong background in chemistry
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1(20)
1.1 Thermosetting Polymers
1(2)
1.2 Thermosetting Polymer Composites in Structure Applications
3(1)
1.3 Damage in Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Polymer Composite Structures
3(8)
1.3.1 Damage in Laminated Composites
4(1)
1.3.2 Damage in Sandwich Composites
4(3)
1.3.3 Damage in 3-D Woven Fabric Reinforced Composites
7(1)
1.3.4 Damage in Grid Stiffened Composites
8(3)
1.4 Repair of Damage in Thermosetting Polymer Composite Structures
11(2)
1.5 Classification of Self-Healing Schemes
13(1)
1.6 Organization of This Book
14(1)
References
15(6)
2 Self-Healing in Biological Systems 21(14)
2.1 Self-Healing in Plants
21(1)
2.2 Seal-Healing in Animals
21(5)
2.2.1 Self-Healing by Self-Medicine
22(1)
2.2.2 Self-Healing Lizard
22(1)
2.2.3 Self-Healing Starfish
23(1)
2.2.4 Self-Healing of Sea Cucumbers
24(1)
2.2.5 Self-Healing of Earthworms
25(1)
2.2.6 Self-Healing of Salamanders
25(1)
2.3 Self-Healing in Human Beings
26(3)
2.3.1 Psychological Self-Healing
26(1)
2.3.2 Physiological Self-Healing
26(3)
2.4 Summary
29(1)
2.5 Implications from Nature
30(1)
References
30(5)
3 Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer and Its Syntactic Foam 35(74)
3.1 Characterization of Thermosetting SMP and SMP Based Syntactic Foam
38(10)
3.1.1 SMP Based Syntactic Foam
38(1)
3.1.2 Raw Materials and Syntactic Foam Preparation
38(1)
3.1.3 DMA Testing
39(3)
3.1.4 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis
42(1)
3.1.5 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
43(1)
3.1.6 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Measurement
44(1)
3.1.7 Isothermal Stress—Strain Behavior
44(3)
3.1.8 Summary
47(1)
3.2 Programming of Thermosetting SMPs
48(6)
3.2.1 Classical Programming Methods
49(2)
3.2.2 Programming at Temperatures Below Tg — Cold Programming
51(3)
3.3 Thermomechanical Behavior of Thermosetting SMP and SMP Based Syntactic Foam Programmed Using the Classical Method
54(23)
3.3.1 One-Dimensional Stress-Controlled Compression Programming and Shape Recovery
54(8)
3.3.2 Programming Using the 2-D Stress Condition and Free Shape Recovery
62(6)
3.3.3 Programming Using the 3-D Stress Condition and Constrained Shape Recovery
68(9)
3.4 Thermomechanical Behavior of Thermosetting SMP and SMP Based Syntactic Foam Programmed by Cold Compression
77(9)
3.4.1 Cold-Compression Programming of Thermosetting SMP
77(5)
3.4.2 Cold-Compression Programming of Thermosetting SMP Based Syntactic Foam
82(4)
3.5 Behavior of Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer Based Syntactic Foam Trained by Hybrid Two-Stage Programming
86(16)
3.5.1 Hybrid Two-Stage Programming
86(4)
3.5.2 Free Shape Recovery Test
90(1)
3.5.3 Thermomechanical Behavior
91(6)
3.5.4 Recovery Sequence and Weak Triple Shape
97(4)
3.5.5 Summary
101(1)
3.6 Functional Durability of SMP Based Syntactic Foam
102(3)
3.6.1 Programming the SMP Based Syntactic Foam
103(1)
3.6.2 Environmental Conditioning
103(1)
3.6.3 Stress Recovery Test
103(2)
3.6.4 Summary
105(1)
References
105(4)
4 Constitutive Modeling of Amorphous Thermosetting Shape Memory Polymer and Shape Memory Polymer Based Syntactic Foam 109(46)
4.1 Some Fundamental Relations in the Kinematics of Continuum Mechanics
111(8)
4.1.1 Deformation Gradient
111(2)
4.1.2 Relation Between Deformation Gradient and Displacement Gradient
113(1)
4.1.3 Polar Decomposition of Deformation Gradient
113(2)
4.1.4 Definition of Strain
115(3)
4.1.5 Velocity Gradient
118(1)
4.2 Stress Definition in Solid Mechanics
119(2)
4.3 Multiplicative Decomposition of Deformation Gradient
121(2)
4.4 Constitutive Modeling of Cold-Compression Programmed Thermosetting SMP
123(16)
4.4.1 General Considerations
123(1)
4.4.2 Deformation Response
124(1)
4.4.3 Structural Relaxation Response
125(1)
4.4.4 Stress Response
126(2)
4.4.5 Viscous Flow
128(1)
4.4.6 Determination of Materials Constants
129(2)
4.4.7 Model Validation
131(3)
4.4.8 Prediction and Discussion
134(4)
4.4.9 Summary
138(1)
4.5 Thermoviscoplastic Modeling of Cold-Compression Programmed Thermosetting Shape Memory Polymer Syntactic Foam
139(11)
4.5.1 General Considerations
139(1)
4.5.2 Kinematics
139(2)
4.5.3 Constitutive Behavior of Glass Microsphere Inclusions
141(1)
4.5.4 Model Summary
142(1)
4.5.5 Determination of Materials Constants
142(1)
4.5.6 Model Validation
142(4)
4.5.7 Prediction by the Model
146(3)
4.5.8 Summary
149(1)
References
150(5)
5 Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber 155(58)
5.1 Strengthening of SMPFs Through Strain Hardening by Cold-Drawing Programming
155(14)
5.1.1 SMPFs with a Phase Segregated Microstructure
155(7)
5.1.2 Raw Materials and Fiber Fabrication
162(1)
5.1.3 Cold-Drawing Programming
163(1)
5.1.4 Microstructure Change by Cold-Drawing Programming
164(5)
5.1.5 Summary
169(1)
5.2 Characterization of Thermoplastic SMPFs
169(10)
5.2.1 Thermomechanical Characterization
169(5)
5.2.2 Damping Properties of SMPFs
174(5)
5.2.3 Summary
179(1)
5.3 Constitutive Modeling of Semicrystalline SMPFs
179(21)
5.3.1 Micromechanics Based Approaches
180(4)
5.3.2 Constitutive Law of Semicrystalline SMPFs
184(8)
5.3.3 Kinematics
192(1)
5.3.4 Computational Aspects
193(4)
5.3.5 Results and Discussion
197(3)
5.3.6 Summary
200(1)
5.4 Stress Memory versus Strain Memory
200(8)
5.4.1 Stress—Strain Decomposition during Thermomechanical Cycle
200(6)
5.4.2 Summary
206(2)
References
208(5)
6 Self-Healing with Shape Memory Polymer as Matrix 213(74)
6.1 SMP Matrix Based Biomimetic Self-Healing Scheme
219(26)
6.1.1 Raw Materials, Specimen Preparation, and Testing
225(2)
6.1.2 Characterizations of the Composite Materials
227(1)
6.1.3 Results and Discussion
228(16)
6.1.4 Summary
244(1)
6.2 Self-Healing of a Sandwich Structure with PSMP Based Syntactic Foam core
245(15)
6.2.1 Raw Materials and Syntactic Foam Fabrication
245(1)
6.2.2 Smart Foam Cored Sandwich Fabrication
246(1)
6.2.3 Compression Programming
247(2)
6.2.4 Low Velocity Impact Tests
249(1)
6.2.5 Characterization of Low Velocity Impact Response
250(3)
6.2.6 Crack Closing Efficiency in Terms of Impact Responses
253(1)
6.2.7 Crack Closing Efficiency in Terms of Compression after Impact Test
254(3)
6.2.8 Ultrasonic and SEM Inspection
257(2)
6.2.9 Summary
259(1)
6.3 Grid Stiffened PSMP Based Syntactic Foam Cored Sandwich for Mitigating and Healing Impact Damage
260(10)
6.3.1 Raw Materials
263(1)
6.3.2 Grid Stiffened Smart Syntactic Foam Cored Sandwich Fabrication
264(1)
6.3.3 Thermomechanical Programming
265(1)
6.3.4 Low Velocity Impact Testing and Healing
266(1)
6.3.5 Impact Response in Terms of Wave Propagation
267(1)
6.3.6 Compression after Impact Test
268(2)
6.3.7 Summary
270(1)
6.4 Three-Dimensional Woven Fabric Reinforced PSMP Based Syntactic Foam Panel for Impact Tolerance and Damage Healing
270(11)
6.4.1 Experimentation
271(4)
6.4.2 Results and Discussion
275(5)
6.4.3 Summary
280(1)
References
281(6)
7 Self-Healing with Embedded Shape Memory Polymer Fibers 287(42)
7.1 Bio-inspired Self-Healing Scheme Based on SMP Fibers
287(2)
7.2 SMP Fiber versus SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) Fiber
289(4)
7.3 Healing of Thermosetting Polymer by Embedded Unidirectional (1-D) Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber (SMPF)
293(14)
7.3.1 Experimentation
294(4)
7.3.2 Results and Discussion
298(9)
7.3.3 Summary
307(1)
7.4 Healing of Thermosetting Polymer by Embedded 2-D Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber (SMPF)
307(7)
7.4.1 Specimen Preparation
309(1)
7.4.2 Self-Healing of the Grid Stiffened Composite
310(4)
7.4.3 Summary
314(1)
7.5 Healing of Thermosetting Polymer by Embedded 3-D Shape Memory Polyurethane Fiber (SMPF)
314(11)
7.5.1 Experiment
315(3)
7.5.2 Results and Discussion
318(7)
7.5.3 Summary
325(1)
References
325(4)
8 Modeling of Healing Process and Evaluation of Healing Efficiency 329(26)
8.1 Modeling of Healing Process
330(4)
8.1.1 Modeling of Healing Process Using Thermoplastic Healing Agent
330(3)
8.1.2 Summary
333(1)
8.2 Evaluation of Healing Efficiency
334(17)
8.2.1 Healing Efficiency for a Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) Specimen
335(8)
8.2.2 Healing Efficiency for an End-Notched Flexure (ENF) Specimen
343(3)
8.2.3 Healing Efficiency for a Single-Lag Bending (SLB) Specimen
346(3)
8.2.4 Summary
349(2)
References
351(4)
9 Summary and Future Perspective of Biomimetic Self-Healing Composites 355(12)
9.1 Summary of SMP Based Biomimetic Self-Healing
355(1)
9.2 Future Perspective of SMP Based Self-Healing Composites
356(9)
9.2.1 In-Service Self-Healing
357(1)
9.2.2 Healing on Demand
357(1)
9.2.3 Self-Healing by a Combination of Shape Memory and Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymers
358(1)
9.2.4 Manufacturing of SMP Fibers with Higher Strength and Higher Recovery Stress
358(1)
9.2.5 Determination of Critical Fiber Length
359(1)
9.2.6 Damage—Healing Modeling
360(1)
9.2.7 Development of Physics Based Constitutive Modeling of Shupe Memory Polymers
361(1)
9.2.8 A New Evaluation System
361(1)
9.2.9 Potential Applications in Civil Engineering
362(3)
References
365(2)
Index 367
Guoqiang Li is the author of Self-Healing Composites: Shape Memory Polymer Based Structures, published by Wiley.
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