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1 | (10) |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (24) |
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2.1 Short Historical Notes |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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2.3 Computational and Algorithmic Complexity |
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14 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Examples of Computational Complexity |
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14 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Computational Complexity Theory |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.7 Adaptive Behavior and Evolutionary Computation |
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29 | (2) |
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2.8 Modeling and Simulating Complex Systems |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (22) |
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3.1 Short Historical Notes |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2 Network Models and Applications |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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3.3 Mathematics of Complex Networks |
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37 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Matrix Representation |
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37 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Directed and Weighted Networks |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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3.4 Metrics in Complex Networks |
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43 | (5) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Eigenvector Centrality |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Closeness Centrality |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Betweenness Centrality |
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44 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Groups: Cliques, Plexes and Cores |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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3.4.7 Clustering Coefficient |
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46 | (1) |
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3.4.8 Degree Distributions |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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3.5 Relevant Topologies in Complex Networks |
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48 | (7) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (12) |
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4.1 Short Historical Notes |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (1) |
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4.3 Basic Cellular Automata Definition |
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61 | (1) |
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4.4 Types of Neighborhoods |
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61 | (1) |
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4.5 Cellular Automata Classification |
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62 | (1) |
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4.6 Extended Cellular Automata |
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63 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Continuous State-Space |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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4.6.8 Nested and Hierarchical |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (3) |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (20) |
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5.1 Short Historical Notes |
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70 | (1) |
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5.2 Intelligent and Autonomous Agents |
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71 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Deliberative Agents |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Multi-agent Architectures |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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5.7 Modeling and Simulating Complexity |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (3) |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (12) |
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6.1 Short Historical Notes |
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90 | (1) |
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6.2 Concepts of Self-organizing Systems |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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6.4 Self-organization Versus Emergence |
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95 | (1) |
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6.5 Mechanisms for Self-organizing Multi-agent Systems |
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95 | (3) |
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6.5.1 Information-Based Perspectives |
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95 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Interaction-Based Perspectives |
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96 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Other Self-organizing Mechanisms |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (38) |
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7.1 Short Historical Notes |
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102 | (1) |
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7.2 Representation of the Games |
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103 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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7.3.1 Cooperative, Competitive and Hybrid Games |
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105 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Symmetric Versus Asymmetric Games |
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105 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Zero-Sum Versus Non-zero-Sum Games |
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106 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Simultaneous Versus Sequential Games |
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106 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Perfect, Imperfect and Complete Information Games |
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106 | (1) |
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7.3.6 Combinatorial Games |
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107 | (1) |
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7.4 Two-Person Zero-Sum Games |
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107 | (2) |
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7.4.1 The Minimax Criterium |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Dominant Strategies |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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7.6 Games in Coalitional Form |
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111 | (4) |
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111 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Stages for Cooperating |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (9) |
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115 | (1) |
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7.7.2 The Battle of Sexes |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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7.7.4 The Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) |
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117 | (2) |
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7.7.5 The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) |
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119 | (3) |
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7.7.6 Similar Games and Mechanisms for Enforcing Cooperation |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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7.8 Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) |
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124 | (5) |
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7.8.1 Replicator Dynamics |
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125 | (1) |
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7.8.2 Evolutionary Stable Strategies (ESS) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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7.8.5 Extensions of the Evolutionary Game Theory Model |
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128 | (1) |
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7.9 Behavioral Game Theory |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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7.11 Heuristic Game Coalitions |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (5) |
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134 | (5) |
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Part II Self-Organizing Algorithms |
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8 Optimization Models with Coalitional Cellular Automata |
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139 | (32) |
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139 | (2) |
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8.2 Evolutionary Algorithms |
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141 | (4) |
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8.3 Decentralized Evolutionary Algorithms |
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145 | (1) |
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8.4 Population Topologies for Evolutionary Algorithms |
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146 | (4) |
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8.4.1 Cellular Evolutionary Algorithms |
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146 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Enhanced Cellular Topologies |
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147 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Hierarchical Populations |
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148 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Population Structures Based on Social Networks |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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8.5 Evolutionary Algorithms with Coalitions |
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150 | (3) |
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8.5.1 Algorithmic Description of EACO |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (4) |
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8.6.1 Massively Multimodal Deceptive Problem (MMDP) |
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154 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Multimodal Problem Generator (P-PEAKS) |
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154 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Error Correcting Code Design Problem (ECC) |
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155 | (1) |
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8.6.4 Maximum Cut of a Graph (MAXCUT) |
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155 | (1) |
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8.6.5 Minimum Tardy Task Problem (MTTP) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (7) |
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8.7.1 Selecting the Population Size |
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157 | (1) |
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8.7.2 Comparing cGA Versus EACO |
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158 | (1) |
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8.7.3 Influence of Parameters |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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8.7.5 Changing the Neighborhood |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (7) |
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166 | (5) |
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9 Time Series Prediction Using Coalitions and Self-organizing Maps |
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171 | (36) |
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171 | (2) |
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9.2 Time Series Prediction (TSP) |
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173 | (1) |
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9.3 Self-organizing Maps (SOM) |
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174 | (4) |
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9.3.1 SOM Formal Definition |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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9.4 Context of the Simulation Framework |
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178 | (1) |
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9.5 Analyzing SOM over Spatial Networks |
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179 | (4) |
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9.5.1 Evaluation of Regular Topologies |
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179 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Number of Neurons m and Updating Probability Pu |
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180 | (3) |
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9.6 Analyzing SOM Performance over Complex Networks |
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183 | (3) |
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9.7 Analyzing SOM Performance over Real Time Series |
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186 | (5) |
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9.8 Coalitions and Complex Networks for SOM |
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191 | (4) |
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9.8.1 Introducing a General Coalitional Algorithm for SOM |
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191 | (1) |
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9.8.2 CASOM: A Coalitional Algorithm for SOM |
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192 | (3) |
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9.9 Experimental Results Obtained with CASOM |
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195 | (6) |
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9.9.1 Influence of the Infection Parameter |
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196 | (2) |
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9.9.2 Infection Versus Joining |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (4) |
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204 | (3) |
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10 Coalitions of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids |
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207 | (60) |
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208 | (2) |
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10.2 Coalitions and Smart Grids |
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210 | (4) |
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10.2.1 Coalition Formation Background |
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210 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Coalition Formation in Smart Grids |
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212 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Coalitions in Complex Systems |
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213 | (1) |
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10.3 Smart Grid Scenario: Coalitions of Electric Vehicles |
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214 | (4) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Communication Layer |
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216 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Problem Formulation |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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10.4 Geographic-Based Constraints |
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218 | (23) |
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10.4.1 Modelling Constraints |
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218 | (2) |
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10.4.2 Dynamic Constrained Coalition Formation |
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220 | (4) |
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10.4.3 Self-adapting Coalition Formation |
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224 | (6) |
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10.4.4 Empirical Evaluation |
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230 | (9) |
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239 | (2) |
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10.5 User-Based Constraints |
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241 | (17) |
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10.5.1 Modelling Constraints |
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242 | (1) |
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10.5.2 Self-adapting Coalition Formation with Changing Coalitions |
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243 | (7) |
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10.5.3 Empirical Evaluation |
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250 | (8) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (8) |
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261 | (6) |
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Part III Evolutionary Games |
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11 Ownership and Trade in Complex Networks |
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267 | (26) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (3) |
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11.2.1 Game Basic Strategies |
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269 | (2) |
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11.2.2 Network Topologies |
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271 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Rewiring (Partner Switching) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (18) |
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273 | (4) |
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277 | (5) |
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282 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Accumulating Payoff |
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283 | (3) |
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11.3.5 A Traders' Coalition |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (3) |
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291 | (2) |
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12 Promoting Indirect Reciprocity Using Coalitions |
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293 | (30) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Reputation Sharing |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Coalition Formation |
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299 | (1) |
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12.3.4 Changing the Strategy |
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299 | (2) |
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12.3.5 Network Topologies |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (17) |
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12.4.1 Experimental Settings |
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302 | (1) |
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12.4.2 Emergence of Cooperation (Micro-analysis) |
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303 | (4) |
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12.4.3 Emergence of Cooperation (Macro-analysis) |
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307 | (3) |
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12.4.4 Regular (SP) Versus Random Networks (RN) |
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310 | (1) |
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12.4.5 Topology Influence |
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311 | (4) |
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12.4.6 Random Versus Selected Rewiring |
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315 | (1) |
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12.4.7 Alternative Strategy Dynamics |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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12.4.9 Dependance on the Initial Conditions |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (4) |
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321 | (2) |
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13 A Coalitional Game of Life |
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323 | (16) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (3) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (2) |
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13.4.1 Algorithmic Complexity |
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329 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Emergence and Self-replication |
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329 | (1) |
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13.4.3 Bounding an Unbounded Life |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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13.5 A Coalitional Game of Life |
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330 | (5) |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (3) |
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334 | (1) |
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13.6 An Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma for CoaLife |
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335 | (2) |
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13.6.1 IPD-Life and IPD-CoaLife Rules |
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335 | (1) |
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13.6.2 Running the IPD-Based CoaLife |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
Appendix: CellNet: A Hands-On Approach for Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation |
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339 | (2) |
Index |
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341 | |