Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: SFPE Guide to Human Behavior in Fire

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319946979
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 122,88 €*
  • * hind on lõplik, st. muud allahindlused enam ei rakendu
  • Lisa ostukorvi
  • Lisa soovinimekirja
  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
SFPE Guide to Human Behavior in FireSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319946979
Teised raamatud teemal:

DRM piirangud

  • Kopeerimine (copy/paste):

    ei ole lubatud

  • Printimine:

    ei ole lubatud

  • Kasutamine:

    Digitaalõiguste kaitse (DRM)
    Kirjastus on väljastanud selle e-raamatu krüpteeritud kujul, mis tähendab, et selle lugemiseks peate installeerima spetsiaalse tarkvara. Samuti peate looma endale  Adobe ID Rohkem infot siin. E-raamatut saab lugeda 1 kasutaja ning alla laadida kuni 6'de seadmesse (kõik autoriseeritud sama Adobe ID-ga).

    Vajalik tarkvara
    Mobiilsetes seadmetes (telefon või tahvelarvuti) lugemiseks peate installeerima selle tasuta rakenduse: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    PC või Mac seadmes lugemiseks peate installima Adobe Digital Editionsi (Seeon tasuta rakendus spetsiaalselt e-raamatute lugemiseks. Seda ei tohi segamini ajada Adober Reader'iga, mis tõenäoliselt on juba teie arvutisse installeeritud )

    Seda e-raamatut ei saa lugeda Amazon Kindle's. 

This single resource for the fire safety community distills the most relevant and useful science and research into a consensus-based guide whose key factors and considerations impact the response and behavior of occupants of a building during a fire event.

The Second Edition of SFPE's Engineering Guide: Human Behavior in Fire provides a common introduction to this field for the broad fire safety community: fire protection engineers/fire safety engineers, human behavior scientists/researchers, design professionals, and code authorities. The public benefits from consistent understanding of the factors that influence the responses and behaviors of people when threatened by fire and the application of reliable methodologies to evaluate and estimate human response in buildings and structures.

This Guide also aims to lessen the uncertainties in the "people components" of fire safety and allow for more refined analysis with less reliance on arbitrary safety factors. As with fire science in general, our knowledge of human behavior in fire is growing, but is still characterized by uncertainties that are traceable to both limitation in the science and unfamiliarity by the user communities. The concepts for development of evacuation scenarios for performance-based designs and the technical methods to estimate evacuation response are reviewed with consideration to the limitation and uncertainty of the methods. This Guide identifies both quantitative and qualitative information that constitutes important consideration prior to developing safety factors, exercising engineering judgment, and using evacuation models in the practical design of buildings and evacuation procedures. Besides updating material in the First Edition, this revision includes new information on:
  • Incapacitating Effects of Fire Effluent & Toxicity Analysis Methods
  • Occupant Behavior Scnearios
  • Movement Models and Behavioral Models
  • Egress Model Selection, Verification, and Validation
    • Estimation of Uncertainty and Use of Safety Factors
  • Enhancing Human Response to Emergencies & Notification of Messaging
The prediction of human behavior during a fire emergency is one of the most challenging areas of fire protection engineering. Yet, understanding and considering human factors is essential to designing effective evacuation systems, ensuring safety during a fire and related emergency events, and accurately reconstructing a fire.

1 Introduction
1(2)
2 Integrating Human Behavior Factors into Design
3(12)
2.1 Use of this Guide
3(2)
2.2 Human Behaviour Assumptions Within Fire Codes and Standards
5(1)
2.3 Performance-based Design and Human Behavior Considerations Worldwide
6(2)
2.4 Time as Function of Behavior
8(3)
2.5 Informing the Engineer for Improved Consideration of Human Behavior
11(4)
Part I Understanding Human Behavior in Fires
3 Population Characteristics
15(6)
3.1 Introduction
15(1)
3.2 Population Numbers and Density
15(1)
3.3 Alone Or with Others
16(1)
3.4 Familiarity with the Building
16(1)
3.5 Distribution and Activities
16(1)
3.6 Alertness
17(1)
3.7 Physical and Cognitive Ability
17(1)
3.8 Social Affiliation
17(1)
3.9 Role and Responsibility
17(1)
3.10 Location
17(1)
3.11 Commitment/Investment
17(1)
3.12 Focal Point
18(1)
3.13 Occupant Condition
18(1)
3.13.1 Gender
18(1)
3.13.2 Culture
18(1)
3.13.3 Age
18(1)
3.14 Other Factors
19(2)
4 Occupant Behavior Concepts: Cues, Decisions and Actions
21(20)
4.1 Introduction
21(1)
4.2 The Protective Action Decision--Making Process
22(14)
4.2.1 Cues
23(1)
4.2.2 Sensing the Cue(s)
24(2)
4.2.3 Paying Attention to the Cue(s)
26(1)
4.2.4 Comprehending the Cue(s)
27(1)
4.2.5 Processing the Cue
28(3)
4.2.6 Decision--making and Taking Protective Action
31(4)
4.2.7 Breaks in the Decision-making Process: Seeking Additional Information
35(1)
4.3 The Myth of Panic
36(1)
4.4 Impact of Human Behavior in Fire on Fire Protection Engineering Design and Analysis
37(1)
4.4.1 The Impact of Human Behavior on Evacuation Timing Calculations
37(1)
4.4.2 Human Behavior Considerations Related to Warnings or Messages
38(1)
4.4.3 Human Behavior Considerations Related to Occupant Emergency Training
38(1)
4.5 Summary: Behavioral Facts
38(3)
5 Effects of Fire Effluent
41(10)
5.1 Effects of Exposure to Smoke and Smoke Components
41(5)
5.1.1 Asphyxiants
42(1)
5.1.2 Hypoxia
43(1)
5.1.3 Carbon Dioxide
44(1)
5.1.4 Irritants
44(1)
5.1.5 Toxic Fire Gas Interactions
44(1)
5.1.6 Heat
45(1)
5.2 Visibility/Smoke Obscuration
46(5)
Part II Modelling Human Behavior in Fire
6 Development and Selection of Occupant Behavioral Scenarios
51(6)
6.1 Introduction
51(1)
6.2 Background
51(1)
6.3 Occupant Behavioral Scenarios
52(2)
6.3.1 Some Aspects of Occupant Scenarios are tied to the Fire Scenario
52(1)
6.3.2 Identifying Occupant Scenarios
53(1)
6.4 Documentation
54(1)
6.5 Quantifying Occupant Behavioral Scenarios for the Evaluation
55(1)
6.5.1 Delay Time Before Occupants Begin to Evacuate
55(1)
6.5.2 Travel Speed
56(1)
6.5.3 Available Route Options
56(1)
6.5.4 Path Choice
56(1)
6.5.5 Travel Flow
56(1)
6.6 Sensitivity Analysis
56(1)
7 Calculation of Effects of Fire Effluent
57(16)
7.1 Toxicity Analysis Methods
57(11)
7.1.1 Ct Product and Fractional Effective Dose
57(9)
7.1.2 Life Threat Hazard Analysis
66(1)
7.1.3 Typical Production Levels Based on Fire Type
67(1)
7.1.4 Susceptible Populations
68(1)
7.2 Background and Guidance on Reduced Visibility Conditions
68(5)
8 Physical Movement Concepts
73(12)
8.1 Introduction
73(1)
8.2 Factors That Impact Movement Time
74(1)
8.3 Methods for Calculating Movement Time
75(5)
8.3.1 Hand Calculations
75(1)
8.3.2 Speed
75(2)
8.3.3 Specific Flow
77(2)
8.3.4 Total Flow Capacity
79(1)
8.4 Examples
80(5)
8.4.1 Example #1
80(1)
8.4.2 Example #2
81(4)
9 Egress Model Selection
85(12)
9.1 Introduction
85(1)
9.2 Project Considerations
86(1)
9.3 Model Attributes
87(1)
9.4 Developing Model Scenarios
88(4)
9.4.1 Building Configuration (the "Structure")
89(1)
9.4.2 Population Configuration (the "People")
89(1)
9.4.3 Procedural Configuration
90(1)
9.4.4 Environmental Configuration
90(2)
9.5 Model Output
92(1)
9.6 Characterization of Current Computer Based Evacuation Models
93(4)
10 Egress Model Testing
97(18)
10.1 Introduction
97(2)
10.1.1 Relevant Work in Fire
98(1)
10.2 Testing the Process
99(1)
10.3 Pre-Model Execution
100(3)
10.3.1 Step A -- Model Selection
100(2)
10.3.2 Step B -- Model Configuration
102(1)
10.4 Post-Model Execution
103(8)
10.4.1 Step C -- Model Verification
104(2)
10.4.2 Step D -- Model Validation and Calibration
106(4)
10.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis
110(1)
10.5 Reporting Test Results
111(4)
11 Estimation of Uncertainty and Safety Factors
115(8)
11.1 Introduction
115(1)
11.2 Sources of Uncertainty
115(1)
11.3 Strategies for Managing Uncertainty
116(1)
11.3.1 Reduced Need for Safety Factors
116(1)
11.3.2 Increased Need for Safety Factors
117(1)
11.4 Sensitivity Analysis to Reduce Uncertainty
117(1)
11.5 Robustness to Reduce Uncertainty
118(1)
11.5.1 Evacuation Model Type
118(1)
11.5.2 Enclosure Representation
118(1)
11.5.3 Population Perspective
119(1)
11.5.4 Behavioral Perspective
119(1)
11.5.5 Model Validation
119(1)
11.6 Considerations When Using Safety Factors
119(4)
Part III Fire Situation Management
12 Enhancing Human Response to Emergency Notification and Messaging
123(8)
12.1 Introduction
123(1)
12.2 Human Response to Emergency Warning
124(1)
12.2.1 Processing Information
124(1)
12.2.2 Inhibiting Factors
124(1)
12.3 Guidance on Emergency Communication Strategies
124(5)
12.3.1 Alerts
125(1)
12.3.2 Warnings
125(3)
12.3.3 Intelligibility
128(1)
12.3.4 Occupants that Remain in Place
129(1)
12.4 Buildings with Limited Visual and Audible Notification Appliances
129(1)
12.5 The Use of Unannounced and Announced Emergency Drills
129(2)
12.5.1 Unannounced Drills
129(1)
12.5.2 Announced Drills
130(1)
13 Managing the Movement of Building Occupants
131(18)
13.1 Introduction
131(1)
13.1.1 Persons Responsible for the Design of Buildings Before They Are Occupied
132(1)
13.1.2 Persons Responsible for the Operational Management of Occupant Movement After Buildings Are Occupied
132(1)
13.2 Available Resources for Tailoring Occupant Movement Strategies to Specific Buildings
132(1)
13.3 Factors and Assumptions Used to Divide Occupants into Groups that Require Different Movement Strategies
133(1)
13.4 Delayed Movement for Persons with Critical Functions
134(1)
13.5 The Model for Designing Buildings that Optimize Decisions About the Movement of Building Occupants
135(3)
13.5.1 Ways that Designer Can Use the Model
135(2)
13.5.2 Decision Process One: Which Groups Are Safe Where They Are Already Located?
137(1)
13.5.3 Decision Process Two: Where Are the Safer Locations?
137(1)
13.5.4 Decision Number Three: What Are the Means to Relocate Occupants to the Safer Location?
138(1)
13.6 The Decision Model for the Operational Planning of People Movement During Fire Emergencies
138(2)
13.7 Informational Inputs Common to Both Versions of the Model. The Number of Occupants in the Various Locations of the Building
140(2)
13.7.1 Locations of Building Occupants
140(1)
13.7.2 Projected Growth/Mitigation of Fire Hazards
140(1)
13.7.3 Building Features that Separate Stationary Occupants from Fire Hazards
140(1)
13.7.4 Building Features that Separate Moving Occupants from Fire Hazards
141(1)
13.8 Limitations of Occupants
142(1)
13.9 Procedural Assistance
143(1)
13.10 Using the Operational Model to Adapt the Plan Depending on How the Emergency Develops
143(3)
13.10.1 Examples of Circumstances that Can Disrupt Even Well-Conceived Plans
144(1)
13.10.2 Backup Strategies
144(1)
13.10.3 Using the Model During Fire Emergencies
145(1)
13.10.4 Definition of and Importance of Situation Awareness while Managing Occupant Movement During Fire Emergencies
145(1)
13.11 Guidance on Implementing the Models
146(3)
13.11.1 Informational Inputs Needs to be Acquired from a Variety of Sources
146(1)
13.11.2 A Checklist for Data Inputs to the Decisions in the Models
146(3)
Addendum: Glossary of Terms 149(2)
References 151
The SFPE Task Group on Human Behavior in Fire consists of the leading researchers on the topic, from academia, industry, and government.

The Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) is the professional society representing those practicing the field of fire protection engineering. The Society has over 4,600 members and 92 chapters, including 17 student chapters worldwide.

The purpose of SFPE is to advance the science and practice of fire protection engineering and its allied fields, to maintain a high ethical standard among its members and to foster fire protection engineering education.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/97833199469796e.html