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E-raamat: Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Edited by (Research Coordinator and former European Research Area Chair, 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs, Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Portugal)
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For millennia silk has been used for sutures in medical procedures. Recently, medical researchers have been investigating new uses for this age-old material. This book, a collection of essays by biomedical researchers, looks at the latest therapies using different preparations of silks. Intended for tissue engineering scientists and other biomedical researchers, the authors look at such silk-based therapies as using it as a scaffold for regenerating muscle tissues, growing intervertebral disk tissues, and for capillary growth. These therapies show far less reactions from the human immune system than using synthetic materials, and have better biodegradation properties as well. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Silk is increasingly being used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications, as well as sutures, due to its unique mechanical and chemical properties.Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine discusses the properties of silk that make it useful for medical purposes and its applications in this area.

Part one introduces silk biomaterials, discussing their fundamentals and how they are processed, and considering different types of silk biomaterials. Part two focuses on the properties and behavior of silk biomaterials and the implications of this for their applications in biomedicine. These chapters focus on topics including biodegradation, bio-response to silk sericin, and capillary growth behavior in porous silk films. Finally, part three discusses the applications of silk biomaterials for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedicine, with chapters on the use of silk biomaterials for vertebral, dental, dermal, and cardiac tissue engineering.

Silk Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is an important resource for materials and tissue engineering scientists, R&D departments in industry and academia, and academics with an interest in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering.

  • Discusses the properties and applications of silk for medical purposes
  • Considers pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications


Silk has been used for centuries in medicine as sutures. The unique mechanical and chemical properties of this material and the ability to genetically tailor the protein have meant that silk is now being used increasingly for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications. This book discusses the applications of silk for medical purposes with the first set of chapters covering the fundamentals and properties of silk for biomedical applications. Contributions in the second set of chapters look at a wide range of medical applications including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery and pharmaceutical applications.

Muu info

A look at the possible applications of silk in biomedicine
Contributor contact details
Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials
Foreword
Part I: Fundamentals, processing and types of silk biomaterials

Chapter 1: Introduction to silk biomaterials

Abstract:
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General information about silkworms
1.3 Silk proteins
1.4 Genetics of silkworms
1.5 Diseases of silkworms
1.6 Applications of silks
1.7 Application of silk protein fibroins
1.8 Application of silk protein sericins
1.9 Conclusion
1.10 Acknowledgments


Chapter 2: Applications of silk biomaterials in tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine

Abstract:
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Silk scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
2.3 Hard tissue engineering
2.4 Soft tissue engineering
2.5 Tissue engineering for application in specific organs
2.6 Conclusion and future trends
2.7 Acknowledgments


Chapter 3: Processing of Bombyx mori silk for biomedical applications

Abstract:
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Modulation of silk biomaterial properties
3.3 Silk fibroin materials and their use in biomedical applications
3.4 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 4: Silk nanostructures based on natural and engineered self-assembly


Abstract:
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanisms of self-assembly in natural and engineered systems
4.3 Assembly of natural and recombinant silk proteins
4.4 Engineering the self-assembly of silk
4.5 Silk nano-architectures and their applications
4.6 Self-assembly in conjugation with other (bio)materials
4.7 Conjugation with natural and synthetic materials
4.8 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 5: Electrospun silk sericin nanofibers for biomedical applications

Abstract:
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Application of silk sericin in the biomedical field
5.3 Electrospinning
5.4 Silk sericin nanofibers from electrospinning
5.5 Molecular structure and physical properties
5.6 Silk sericin/silk fibroin blend nanofibers by electrospinning
5.7 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 6: Silk fibroin microfiber and nanofiber scaffolds for tissue
engineering and regeneration

Abstract:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Silk fibroin (SF) microfibers for skin and connective tissue
regeneration
6.3 Formic acid (FA)-cross-linked 3-D SF microfiber-based nonwovens
6.4 SF microfiber-based carded-needled 3-D nonwovens
6.5 Nanofibers from electrospinning and tissue engineering
6.6 Electrospun SF tubes for small calibre blood vessel regeneration


Chapter 7: Silk powder for regenerative medicine

Abstract:
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Silk particle production by the bottom up approach
7.3 Silk powder production by the top down approach (milling)
7.4 Characterisation of silk powder
7.5 Applications of silk particles
7.6 Conclusion




Part II: Properties and behaviour of silk biomaterials

Chapter 8: Biochemical and biophysical properties of native Bombyx mori silk
for tissue engineering applications

Abstract:
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Genetic sequence and primary structure of silk proteins
8.3 Structure and assembly of native silk fibroin
8.4 Physical and chemical properties of native silk fibroin fibers
8.5 Conclusion


Chapter 9: Structure and properties of spider and silkworm silk for tissue
scaffolds

Abstract:
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microstructure of silks
9.3 Mechanical properties
9.4 Relationship between structure and properties
9.5 Biomimetic approaches
9.6 Conclusion
9.7 Acknowledgments


Chapter 10: Types and properties of non-mulberry silk biomaterials for
tissue engineering applications

Abstract:
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Classification of silkworms
10.3 Life cycle of silkworms
10.4 Types of non-mulberry silk
10.5 Structure and mechanical properties of silk
10.6 Processing of silk proteins
10.7 Different formats of silk protein as biomaterials: fibroin
10.8 Different formats of silk protein as biomaterials: sericin
10.9 Applications of non-mulberry silk protein as biomaterials in
biomedicine and biotechnology
10.10 Immunological response to silk
10.11 Silk degradation
10.12 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 11: Bio-response to silk sericin

Abstract:
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biological responses to biomaterials
11.3 Aspects of tissue responses to biomaterials
11.4 Evaluation of biological responses to biomaterials
11.5 Significant issues in in vivo testing
11.6 Reports on biological responses to silk sericin
11.7 Investigation of biological responses to silk sericin
11.8 Clinical investigation of silk sericin
11.9 Conclusion
11.10 Acknowledgement


Chapter 12: Biodegradation behavior of silk biomaterials

Abstract:
12.1 Introduction
12.2 In vitro biodegradation behavior of silk fibroin materials
12.3 In vivo biodegradation behavior and inflammatory responses of silk
fibroin materials
12.4 Biodegradation behavior of sericin
12.5 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 13: Capillary growth behavior in porous silk films

Abstract:
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Growth model of capillaries
13.3 Growth process of capillaries
13.4 The model of oxygen diffusion of the capillary and capillary density
13.5 The construction of capillary systems in biomaterials
13.6 Discussion on the oxygen concentration around a capillary
13.7 Growth process of capillaries in porous silk fibroin films (PSFFs)
implanted into the dermis
13.8 Forms of angiogenesis in PSFFs after implantation
13.9 Conclusion
13.10 Acknowledgment




Part III: Tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and biomedical
applications of silk biomaterials

Chapter 14: Silk biomaterials for intervertebral disk (IVD) tissue
engineering

Abstract:
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Suitability of using silk as a biomaterial in tissue engineering
14.3 Key factors to be considered before IVD tissue engineering
14.4 Tissue engineering approaches to regenerate the hierarchical
architecture of IVD
14.5 Conclusions


Chapter 15: Silk scaffolds for dental tissue engineering

Abstract:
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Clinical challenges in dentistry
15.3 From tooth development to repair
15.4 Dental tissue engineering
15.5 Silk-based biomaterial scaffolds for dental tissue engineering
15.6 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 16: Silk for cardiac tissue engineering

Abstract:
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Current therapies and their limitations
16.3 Potential strategies to treat heart disease
16.4 Specific requirements for cardiac tissue engineering
16.5 Silk protein fibroin for cardiac tissue engineering
16.6 Conclusion
16.7 Acknowledgements


Chapter 17: Silk for dermal tissue engineering

Abstract:
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Human skin structure, wound healing and substitute assisted wound
healing
17.3 Physical properties and processing options of silk fibroin
17.4 Dermal tissue engineering using silk fibroin
17.5 Silk fibroin films, membranes and coatings
17.6 Silk fibroin hydrogels
17.7 Silk fibroin porous sponges
17.8 Silk fibroin micro-/nano-fibrous scaffolds
17.9 Conclusion and future trends


Chapter 18: Silk scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) tumor modeling

Abstract:
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biological background
18.3 Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumor modeling: bridging theory and
clinical applications
18.4 Methods of 3D in vitro tumor modeling
18.5 How silk-based tissue engineering applications can help cancer
research
18.6 Future trends
18.7 Conclusion


Chapter 19: Silk hydrogels for tissue engineering and dual-drug delivery

Abstract:
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Gelation of silk with ethanol
19.3 Mechanical properties and molecular networks
19.4 Bound and bulk water contents in silk hydrogel
19.5 Cell viability (cytotoxicity)
19.6 Silk-based dual-drug delivery system: hydrogels containing
nanoparticles
19.7 Dual-drug release behavior from silk hydrogel
19.8 Conclusion and future trends
19.9 Acknowledgment


Chapter 20: Silk for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications

Abstract:
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Sources of silk
20.3 Properties of silk
20.4 Methods of fabrication
20.5 Types of formulations
20.6 Pharmaceutical applications of silk
20.7 Dermatological applications
20.8 Conclusion




Index
Subhas C. Kundu, PhD, is a Research Coordinator and former European Research Area Chair and Professor at the 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of the University of Minho, Portugal. His research interests include silk biomaterial matrices for biomedical applications, including 3D in vitro cancer models for investigating tumour growth and progression. In addition, he is using natural-based biomaterials for 3D cancer modelling and drug screening.