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E-raamat: Simulating Spacecraft Systems

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  • Sari: Springer Aerospace Technology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Sep-2009
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642012761
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Springer Aerospace Technology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Sep-2009
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783642012761
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Satellite development worldwide has significantly changed within the last decade and has been accelerated and optimized by modern simulation tools. The classic method of developing and testing several models of a satellite and its subsystems with the aim to build a pre-flight and finally a flight model is being replaced more and more by a considerably faster and more inexpensive method. The new approach no longer includes functional test models on entire spacecraft level but a system simulation. Thus overall project runtimes can be shortened. But also significantly more complex systems can be managed and success oriented tests on integration and software level can be realized before the launch. Applying modern simulation infrastructures already during spacecraft development phase, enables the consistent functionality checking of all systems both in detail and concerning their interaction. Furthermore, they enable checks of the system's proper functionality, their reliability and safety / redundancy. But also analysis regarding aging and lifetime issues can be performed by simulation. Project-related simulations of operational scenarios, for example with remote sensing satellites, and the checking of different operational modes are of similar importance. On the whole, risk is reduced significantly and the satellite can be produced in a considerably more cost efficient way, with higher quality and in shorter periods of time. Therefore "Simulating Spacecraft Systems" - the title of the present book - is an important domain of modern system engineering, which meanwhile has successfully established a position in many other sectors of industry and research, too.
List of Abbreviations
xv
Notation of Variables and Symbols xix
Introduction xxi
Part I Simulation Based System Development
Complex Systems in Spaceflight
3(8)
System Simulation in System Engineering
11(12)
Development Process Phases for Spacecraft
12(2)
A System, its Control Functions and their Modeling
14(2)
Algorithms, Software and Hardware Development and Verification
16(3)
Functional System Validation
19(4)
Simulation Tools for System Analysis and Verification
23(32)
Tools for System Design and Dimensioning
26(7)
Tools for System Predesign and Conception
26(3)
Functional System Analysis Tools for Phase B
29(4)
System Verification Tools
33(19)
Functional Verification Bench (FVB)
35(1)
Software Verification Facility (SVF)
36(6)
Hybrid System Testbed (STB)
42(5)
Electrical Functional Model (EFM)
47(4)
Spacecraft Simulator for Operations Support
51(1)
Infrastructure History
52(3)
Testbench Components in Detail
55(24)
Control Consoles
56(5)
Test Procedure Editors and Interpreters
61(5)
Special Checkout Equipment
66(3)
Simulator-Frontend Equipment
69(3)
Spacecraft Simulators
72(2)
Equipment and System Models
74(5)
Spacecraft Functionality to be Modeled
79(28)
Functional Simulation Concept
80(3)
Attitude, Orbit and Trajectory Modeling
83(2)
Aspects of Structural Mechanics
85(1)
Thermal Aspects
86(1)
Equipment Modeling
87(20)
Part II Simulator Technology
Numerical Foundations of System Simulation
107(48)
Introduction to Numerics
108(1)
Modeling of System Components as Transfer Functions
109(1)
Components with Time Response
110(2)
Balance Equations
112(6)
Equation Set for Fluid Systems
112(4)
Equation Set for Spacecraft Dynamics
116(1)
Equation Set for Spacecraft Electrics
117(1)
Classification of Partial Differential Equations
118(1)
Transformation of PDEs into Systems of ODEs
119(2)
Numerical Integration Methods
121(5)
Integration Methods Applied on System Level
126(9)
Boundary Value Problems in System Modeling
135(5)
Root Finding Methods for Boundary Value Problems
140(3)
Numerical Functionalities for Control Engineering
143(6)
Mathematical Building Blocks and their Transformation to RPN
143(3)
Linearization of System State Equations
146(2)
Linearization by Algorithmic Differentiation
148(1)
Semi-Implicit Methods for Stiff DEQ Systems
149(6)
Aspects of Real-time Simulation
155(12)
Time Definitions
156(1)
Time Synchronization
157(2)
Modeling Time in a Simulator
159(4)
Real-time Parallel Processing
163(4)
Object Oriented Architecture of Simulators and System Models
167(56)
Objectives of Simulator Software Design
168(2)
The Model Driven Architecture
170(3)
Implementation Technologies - Programming Languages
173(1)
Implementation Technologies - The Unified Modeling Language (UML)
174(16)
Code Generation from UML
182(3)
Designing a Simulator Kernel using UML
185(2)
Designing Spacecraft Equipment Models with UML
187(3)
Implementation Technologies - The Extensible Markup Language (XML)
190(8)
Implementation Technologies - Modeling Frameworks
198(2)
From a Model Specification to the Simulation Run
200(23)
From Equipment Documentation to the Model Specification
200(2)
Application Example - Fiber-optic Gyroscope
202(1)
Writing an Equipment Model Specification
203(3)
Translation of the Model Specification into UML Based Design
206(2)
Code Generation and Code Instrumentation
208(5)
Integrating the Model into the Simulator
213(3)
Configuration Files for a Simulation Run
216(5)
Simulation Run
221(2)
Simulator Development Compliant to Software Standards
223(26)
Software Engineering Standards - Overview
224(3)
Software Classification According to Criticality
227(1)
Software Standard Application Example
228(12)
Critical Path in Spacecraft Development
240(3)
Testbench Configuration Control vs. OBSW and TM / TC
243(2)
Testbench Development Responsibilities
245(1)
Lessons Learned from Projects
246(3)
Simulation Tools in a System Engineering Infrastructure
249(22)
The System Modeling Language (SysML)
251(6)
System Engineering Infrastructures
257(6)
Standards for Data Exchange Between Engineering Tools
263(8)
Part III Advanced Technologies
Service Oriented Simulator Kernel Architectures
271(10)
SOA Implementation of Simulator Initialization
274(3)
SOA Implementation of the Kernel Numerics
277(3)
Orchestration of the Computation and Function Distribution
280(1)
Consistent Modeling Technology for all Development Phases
281(14)
Requirements to a Cross-Phase Design Infrastructure
284(4)
Cross-Phase Simulation Infrastructure and Engineering Steps
288(7)
Knowledge-Based Simulation Applications
295(24)
Modeling of Information for Rule-Based Processing
297(3)
Accumulation of Knowledge on a System's Behavior
300(1)
Coupling of Knowledge-Processor and simulated / real System
301(13)
Application of Expert Systems for User Training
314(1)
Implementation Technology: Rules as Fact Filters
315(4)
Simulation of Autonomous Systems
319(14)
Testing Conventional on-board Software Functions
320(1)
Testing Failure Management Functions
321(1)
Testing Higher Levels of System Autonomy
322(2)
Implementations of Autonomy and their Focus
324(9)
Improvement Technology - on-board SW / HW Components
326(2)
Improvement Technology - Optimizing the Mission Product
328(2)
Enabling Technology - Autonomous OBSW for Deep Space Probes
330(3)
References
333(16)
Index 349