Preface |
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xvii | |
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1 AI-Driven Information and Communication Technologies, Services, and Applications for Next-Generation Healthcare System |
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1 | (32) |
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1.1 Introduction: Overview of Communication Technology and Services for Healthcare |
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2 | (4) |
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1.2 AI-Driven Communication Technology in Healthcare |
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6 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Technologies Empowering in Healthcare |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Conversion Protocols |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.4 AI in Treatment Assistant |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.5 AI in the Monitoring Process |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Challenges of AI in Healthcare |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3 AI-Driven mHealth Communication System and Services |
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10 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Embedding of Handheld Imaging Platforms With mHealth Devices |
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12 | (1) |
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1.3.2 The Adaptability of POCUS in Telemedicine |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4 AI-Driven Body Area Network Communication Technologies and Applications |
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13 | (7) |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Communication Architecture of Wireless Body Area Networks |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Role of AI in WBAN Architecture |
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17 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Medical Applications |
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18 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Nonmedical Applications |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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1.5 AI-Driven IoT Device Communication Technologies and Healthcare Applications |
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20 | (5) |
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1.5.1 AIs and IoTs Role in Healthcare |
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20 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Creating Efficient Communication Framework for Remote Healthcare Management |
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21 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Developing Autonomous Capability is Key for Remote Healthcare Management |
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22 | (2) |
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1.5.4 Enabling Data Privacy and Security in the Field of Remote Healthcare Management |
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24 | (1) |
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1.6 AI-Driven Augmented and Virtual Reality-Based Communication Technologies and Healthcare Applications |
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25 | (8) |
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1.6.1 Clinical Applications of Communication-Based AI and Augmented Reality |
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27 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Surgical Applications of Communication-Based on Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (3) |
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2 Pneumatic Position Servo System Using Multi-Variable Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm--Based Fractional-Order PID Controller |
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33 | (30) |
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34 | (2) |
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2.2 Pneumatic Servo System |
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36 | (2) |
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2.3 Existing System Analysis |
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38 | (2) |
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2.4 Proposed Controller and Its Modeling |
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40 | (3) |
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2.4.1 Modeling of Fractional-Order PID Controller |
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40 | (1) |
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2.4.1.1 Fractional-Order Calculus |
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40 | (2) |
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2.4.1.2 Fractional-Order PID Controller |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (4) |
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2.5.1 GA Optimization Methodology |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.5.1.3 Evaluation and Selection |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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2.5.2 GA Parameter Tuning |
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46 | (1) |
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2.6 Simulation Results and Discussion |
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47 | (9) |
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2.6.1 MATLAB Genetic Algorithm Tool Box |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.6.2.1 Reference = 500 (Error) |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (1) |
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2.6.2.3 Reference = 1,500 |
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52 | (4) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (4) |
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59 | (4) |
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3 Improved Weighted Distance Hop Hyperbolic Prediction-Based Reliable Data Dissemination (IWDH-HP-RDD) Mechanism for Smart Vehicular Environments |
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63 | (30) |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Extract of the Literature |
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70 | (1) |
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3.3 Proposed Improved Weighted Distance Hop Hyperbolic Prediction-Based Reliable Data Dissemination (IWDH-HP-RDD) Mechanism for Smart Vehicular Environments |
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71 | (8) |
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3.4 Simulation Results and Analysis of the Proposed IWDH-HP-RDD Scheme |
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79 | (10) |
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89 | (4) |
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90 | (3) |
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4 Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Small and Large Signal Analog Circuits Using Filtering Algorithms |
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93 | (22) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4 Remaining Useful Life Prediction |
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99 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Proposal Distribution |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Relative Entropy in Particle Resampling |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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4.5 Results and Discussion |
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103 | (8) |
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111 | (4) |
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111 | (4) |
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115 | (26) |
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116 | (3) |
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5.1.1 What is Artificial Intelligence? |
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117 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Machine Learning -- Neural Networks and Deep Learning |
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117 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Natural Language Processing |
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119 | (1) |
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5.2 Need of AI in Electronic Health Record |
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119 | (4) |
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5.2.1 How Does AI/ML Fit Into EHR? |
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120 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Natural Language Processing (NLP) |
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121 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Data Analytics and Representation |
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122 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Predictive Investigation |
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122 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Administrative and Security Consistency |
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122 | (1) |
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5.3 The Trending Role of AI in Pharmaceutical Development |
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123 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Drug Discovery and Design |
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124 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Diagnosis of Biomedical and Clinical Data |
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125 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Rare Diseases and Epidemic Prediction |
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125 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Applications of AI in Pharma |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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5.3.6 Review of the Companies That Use AI |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Training and Future Surgical Team |
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129 | (2) |
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5.5 Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging |
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131 | (3) |
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5.5.1 In Cardio Vascular Abnormalities |
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131 | (1) |
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5.5.2 In Fractures and Musculoskeletal Injuries |
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132 | (1) |
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5.5.3 In Neurological Diseases and Thoracic Complications |
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133 | (1) |
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5.5.4 In Detecting Cancers |
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134 | (1) |
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5.6 AI in Patient Monitoring and Wearable Health Devices |
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134 | (3) |
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5.6.1 Monitoring Health Through Wearable's and Personal Devices |
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135 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Making Smartphone Selfies Into Powerful Diagnostic Tools |
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136 | (1) |
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5.7 Revolutionizing of AI in Medicinal Decision-Making at the Bedside |
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137 | (1) |
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5.8 Future of AI in Healthcare |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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6 Introduction of Artificial Intelligence |
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141 | (32) |
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142 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Types of Intelligence |
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143 | (1) |
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6.1.3 A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence From 1923 till 2000 |
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144 | (1) |
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6.2 Introduction to the Philosophy Behind Artificial Intelligence |
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145 | (2) |
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6.2.1 Programming With and Without AI |
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147 | (1) |
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6.3 Basic Functions of Artificial Intelligence |
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147 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Categories of Artificial Intelligence |
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148 | (1) |
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6.3.1.1 Reactive Machines |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.4 Existing Technology and Its Review |
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149 | (8) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Need for Artificial Intelligence |
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158 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Distinction Between Artificial Intelligence and Business Intelligence |
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158 | (1) |
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6.6 Significance of the Study |
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159 | (5) |
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6.6.1 Segments of Master Frameworks |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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6.6.1.4 Voice Recognition |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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6.7.1 Artificial Intelligence and Design Practice |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (2) |
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6.8.1 AI Has Been Developing a Huge Number of Tools Necessary to Find a Solution to the Most Challenging Problems in Computer Science |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (4) |
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170 | (3) |
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7 Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Algorithms and Decision Support Systems |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (26) |
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7.2 Machine Learning Work Flow and Applications in Healthcare |
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176 | (11) |
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7.2.1 Formatting and Cleaning Data |
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177 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Supervised and Unsupervised Learning |
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178 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Linear Discriminant Analysis |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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7.2.8 Support Vector Machine |
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182 | (1) |
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7.2.9 Artificial Neural Network |
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183 | (1) |
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7.2.10 Natural Language Processing |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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7.3 Commercial Decision Support Systems Based on AI |
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187 | (6) |
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7.3.1 Personal Genome Diagnostics |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Icarbonx---Manage Your Digital Life |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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7.3.8 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center |
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190 | (1) |
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7.3.9 Bioxcel Therapeutics |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (6) |
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193 | (6) |
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8 Smart Homes and Smart Cities |
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199 | (26) |
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199 | (9) |
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199 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Evolution of Smart Home |
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200 | (2) |
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8.1.3 Smart Home Architecture |
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202 | (1) |
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8.1.3.1 Smart Electrical Devices or Smart Plugs |
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202 | (1) |
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8.1.3.2 Home Intelligent Terminals or Home Area Networks |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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8.1.4 Smart Home Technologies |
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204 | (2) |
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8.1.5 Smart Grid Technology |
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206 | (1) |
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8.1.6 Smart Home Applications |
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206 | (1) |
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8.1.6.1 Smart Home in the Healthcare of Elderly People |
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206 | (1) |
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8.1.6.2 Smart Home in Education |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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8.1.6.4 Smart Surveillance |
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207 | (1) |
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8.1.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Homes |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (17) |
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208 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Smart City Framework |
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209 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Architecture of Smart Cities |
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210 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Components of Smart Cities |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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8.2.4.2 Smart Infrastructure |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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8.2.5 Characteristics of Smart Cities |
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219 | (2) |
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8.2.6 Challenges in Smart Cities |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (3) |
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9 Application of AI in Healthcare |
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225 | (24) |
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226 | (6) |
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9.1.1 Supervised Learning Process |
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226 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Unsupervised Learning Process |
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227 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Semi-Supervised Learning Process |
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227 | (1) |
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9.1.4 Reinforcement Learning Process |
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227 | (1) |
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9.1.5 Healthcare System Using ML |
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228 | (1) |
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9.1.6 Primary Examples of ML's Implementation in the Healthcare |
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228 | (1) |
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9.1.6.1 AI-Assisted Radiology and Pathology |
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228 | (1) |
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9.1.6.2 Physical Robots for Surgery Assistance |
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229 | (2) |
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9.1.6.3 With the Assistance of AI/ML Techniques, Drug Discovery |
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231 | (1) |
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9.1.6.4 Precision Medicine and Preventive Healthcare in the Future |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (8) |
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9.2.1 In Healthcare, Data Driven AI Models |
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232 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Support Vector Machine |
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233 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Artificial Neural Networks |
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233 | (2) |
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9.2.4 Logistic Regression |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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9.2.6 Discriminant Analysis |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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9.2.8 Natural Language Processing |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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9.2.12 Convolutional Neural Network |
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237 | (3) |
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9.3 DL Frameworks for Identifying Disease |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (3) |
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9.4.1 Application of AI in Finding Heart Disease |
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241 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Data Pre-Processing and Classification of Heart Disease |
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241 | (3) |
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9.5 Results and Discussions |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (3) |
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246 | (3) |
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10 Battery Life and Electric Vehicle Range Prediction |
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249 | (20) |
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250 | (3) |
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10.2 Different Stages of Electrification of Electric Vehicles |
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253 | (1) |
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10.2.1 Starting and Stopping |
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253 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Regenerative Braking |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (3) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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10.3.4 SoH Based on Capacity Fade |
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255 | (1) |
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10.3.5 SoH Based on Power Fade |
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255 | (1) |
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10.3.6 Open Circuit Voltage |
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255 | (1) |
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10.3.7 Impedance Spectroscopy |
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255 | (1) |
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10.3.8 Model-Based Approach |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (3) |
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10.4.1 Sigma Point Kalman Filter |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (2) |
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10.6 Results and Discussion |
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262 | (5) |
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267 | (2) |
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267 | (2) |
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11 AI-Driven Healthcare Analysis |
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269 | (18) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (1) |
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11.3.1 GLCM Feature Descriptors |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (6) |
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11.4.1 Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier |
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276 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Naive Bayes Classifier |
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276 | (1) |
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11.4.3 K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier |
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277 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Support Vector Machine Classifier |
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277 | (1) |
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11.4.5 Random Forest Classifier |
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278 | (1) |
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11.4.6 Working of Random Forest Algorithm |
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278 | (1) |
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11.4.7 Convolutional Neural Network |
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278 | (3) |
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11.4.7.1 Activation Function |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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11.4.7.3 Fully Connected Layer (FC) |
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281 | (1) |
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11.5 Results and Conclusion |
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282 | (5) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (3) |
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12 A Novel Technique for Continuous Monitoring of Fuel Adulteration |
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287 | (20) |
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288 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (9) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (1) |
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12.2.3 Petrol Density Measurement |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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12.2.5 Components of the System |
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294 | (1) |
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12.2.5.1 Pressure Instrument |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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12.2.7 Petrol Density Measurement Instrument Setup |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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12.3 Interfacing MPX2010DP with INA114 |
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299 | (3) |
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12.3.1 I2C Bus Configuration for Honeywell Sensor |
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299 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Pressure and Temperature Output Through I2C |
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300 | (2) |
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12.4 Results and Discussion |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (4) |
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304 | (3) |
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13 Improved Merkle Hash and Trapdoor Function-Based Secure Mutual Authentication (IMH-TF-SMA) Mechanism for Securing Smart Home Environment |
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307 | (26) |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (6) |
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13.3 Proposed Improved Merkle Hash and Trapdoor Function-Based Secure Mutual Authentication (IMH-TF-SMA) Mechanism for Securing Smart Home Environment |
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316 | (9) |
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317 | (1) |
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13.3.2 IMH-TF-SMA Mechanism |
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317 | (3) |
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13.3.2.1 Phase of Initialization |
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320 | (1) |
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13.3.2.2 Phase of Addressing |
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320 | (1) |
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13.3.2.3 Phase of Registration |
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320 | (1) |
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13.3.2.4 Phase of Login Authentication |
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321 | (1) |
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13.3.2.5 Phase of Session Agreement |
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321 | (4) |
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13.4 Results and Discussion |
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325 | (5) |
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330 | (3) |
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330 | (3) |
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14 Smart Sensing Technology |
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333 | (32) |
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333 | (32) |
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333 | (1) |
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14.1.1.1 Real-Time Example of Sensor |
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334 | (1) |
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14.1.1.2 Definition of Sensors |
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335 | (1) |
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14.1.1.3 Characteristics of Sensors |
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335 | (1) |
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14.1.1.4 Classification of Sensors |
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336 | (1) |
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14.1.1.5 Types of Sensors |
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336 | (4) |
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14.1.2 IoT (Internet of Things) |
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340 | (1) |
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14.1.2.1 Trends and Characteristics |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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14.1.2.3 Flow Chart of IoT |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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14.1.3.1 IEEE 802.15.1 Overview |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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14.1.3.3 History of Bluetooth |
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344 | (1) |
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14.1.3.4 How Bluetooth Works |
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345 | (1) |
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14.1.3.5 Bluetooth Specifications |
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345 | (1) |
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14.1.3.6 Advantages of Bluetooth Technology |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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14.1.4 Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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14.1.4.2 Architecture of Zigbee |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (1) |
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14.1.4.4 Operating Modes of Zigbee |
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351 | (1) |
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14.1.4.5 Zigbee Topologies |
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352 | (1) |
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14.1.4.6 Applications of Zigbee Technology |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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14.1.5.2 Advantages of WLANs |
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355 | (1) |
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14.1.5.3 Drawbacks of WLAN |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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14.1.6.2 Composition of GSM Networks |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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14.1.7.1 Development History of Smart Sensors |
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358 | (1) |
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14.1.7.2 Internal Parts of Smart Transmitter |
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359 | (2) |
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361 | (4) |
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365 | (1) |
References |
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365 | (2) |
Index |
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367 | |