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E-raamat: Social Research Methods: The Essentials

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  • Formaat: 264 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Dec-2015
  • Kirjastus: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781473952751
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Social Research Methods: The EssentialsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 264 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Dec-2015
  • Kirjastus: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781473952751
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Nicholas Walliman is the supervisor in your students' pockets, making sure they understand all the essential methods for successfully carrying out a research project and negotiating the challenges and pitfalls. In this book, he:

· Takes students step-by-step through the research process

· Helps them formulate clear aims and objectives

· Explains all the vocabulary to understand the A – Z of research methods

· Ends each chapter with a reading guide for taking learning further with more resources to help get a deeper understanding of the issues discussed

· Improves research reports with practical advice on presenting findings in great tables, graphs and diagrams

· Opens his office door with reflective questions (and answers)

· Delivers the confidence to get started and get finished!

 Social Research Methods: The Essentials is the perfect starting point and guide for your students' research project.



The perfect first step into research methods, assuming no previous knowledge and a cheerful ‘you can do this!’ tone.  

Arvustused

This text takes a well-balanced view of research in the social sciences and gives the reader a basic theoretical grounding and structure on which to develop their understanding of research and support their practices.  The theory and methods discussed in this edition would be of interest to a wide range of disciplines where research considers the thoughts, feelings and actions of people.  -- Frances Tracy

Introduction and How to Use this Book 1(8)
Part I: Planning And Designing Your Research 9(98)
1 Theoretical Background
11(13)
What is research?
11(1)
Epistemology and ontology
12(1)
Ways of reasoning
13(1)
Inductive reasoning - the empiricist's approach
13(1)
Deductive reasoning - the rationalist's approach
14(1)
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning or scientific method
15(1)
The positivist/interpretivist divide
15(9)
Positivism
16(1)
Interpretivism
16(1)
Critical realism
17(7)
2 Research Basics
24(8)
Overview of the research process
24(2)
The research problem
26(1)
Aids to locating and analysing problems
27(1)
Research problem definition
28(1)
The sub-problems
28(1)
Second review of literature
28(4)
3 Research Strategies and Design
32(13)
Research strategies - quantitative and qualitative research
32(1)
Mixed methods
33(1)
Research objectives
34(3)
Description
34(1)
Explanation and evaluation
35(1)
Comparison
35(1)
Correlation
36(1)
Action, intervention and change
37(1)
Research design
37(8)
Fixed and flexible design strategies
37(1)
Cross-sectional design
38(1)
Longitudinal design
38(1)
Experimental
39(1)
Case study design
40(5)
4 The Nature of Data
45(15)
Primary and secondary data
46(2)
Primary data
46(1)
Secondary data
47(1)
Quantitative and qualitative
48(2)
Quantitative data
49(1)
Qualitative data
49(1)
Measurement of data
50(4)
Nominal level
50(1)
Ordinal level
51(1)
Interval level
52(1)
Ratio level
53(1)
How data relate to theory
54(6)
Theory
54(1)
Concepts
55(1)
Indicators
56(1)
Variables
56(1)
Values
56(4)
5 Doing a Literature Review
60(13)
How to get started
61(1)
Searching for sources
62(1)
Assessing the text
62(2)
The structure of the argument
63(1)
The assumptions upon which the writings and arguments are based
63(1)
The wider context of the work
63(1)
Comparison with other work
64(1)
Background review for a research project
64(1)
When to stop
65(4)
Plagiarism and referencing
69(4)
6 Defining the Research Problem
73(8)
Hypotheses and their formulation
73(3)
Formulating hypotheses
75(1)
Operationalizing hypotheses
75(1)
Alternatives to hypotheses
76(5)
Question or questions
76(1)
Propositions
76(1)
Statement of intent to investigate and evaluate critically
77(1)
Definition of research objectives
77(1)
The objectives of the research
77(4)
7 Ethics
81(16)
Honesty in your work
82(2)
Intellectual ownership and plagiarism
82(1)
Citation and acknowledgement
82(1)
Responsibility and accountability of the researcher
83(1)
Data and interpretations
83(1)
Where do you stand? - epistemology
84(1)
Situations that raise ethical issues
84(1)
Research aims
84(1)
Means and ends
85(1)
Ethics in relation to other people
85(5)
Use of language
85(1)
Presentation
86(1)
Participants
86(1)
Choosing participants
87(1)
Freedom from coercion. Reward or not?
87(1)
Gaining consent
87(3)
Carrying out the research
90(7)
Potential harm and gain
90(1)
Interviews and questionnaires
90(1)
Participant involvement - experiments, observations, groups
91(1)
Sensitive material
91(1)
Honesty, deception and covert methods
91(1)
Storing and transmitting data
92(1)
Checking data and drafts
92(1)
Dissemination
93(1)
Disposing of records
93(4)
8 Writing a Research Proposal
97(10)
The subject title
98(1)
The aims or objectives
99(1)
The background
99(1)
Defining the research problem
100(1)
The main concepts and variables
100(1)
Methods
101(1)
Expected outcomes
102(1)
Programme of work
102(5)
Part II: Collecting And Analysing Your Data 107(72)
9 Sampling
109(11)
A representative sample?
109(1)
Probability sampling
110(5)
Non-probability sampling
115(1)
Sample size
116(1)
Sampling error
117(3)
10 Data Collection Methods
120(22)
Collecting secondary data
121(3)
Collecting primary data
124(8)
Self-completion questionnaires
124(3)
Interviews (structured, semi-structured and unstructured)
127(5)
Focus groups
132(1)
Standardized tests
133(1)
Detached and participant observation
134(2)
Personal accounts and diaries
136(6)
11 Quantitative Data Analysis
142(20)
Managing data
142(2)
Raw data
142(1)
Types of variable
142(1)
Creating a data set
143(1)
Accuracy check
144(1)
Analysis according to types of data
144(2)
Quantitative analysis of numerical data
144(2)
Parametric and non-parametric statistics
146(1)
Statistical tests (parametric)
147(10)
Charts and diagrams
148(1)
Bivariate analysis
149(2)
Multivariate analysis
151(6)
Statistical tests (non-parametric)
157(1)
Quantitative analysis of text
158(4)
Content analysis
158(1)
Content frames and coding
159(1)
Tabulation of results
159(3)
12 Qualitative Data Analysis
162(17)
Steps in analysing the data
164(1)
Preliminary analysis during data collection
165(3)
Typologies and taxonomies
165(2)
Pattern coding, memoing and interim summary
167(1)
Main analysis during and after data collection
168(2)
Matrices (or tables)
168(1)
Diagrams
169(1)
Qualitative analysis of texts and documents
170(11)
Interrogative insertion
171(1)
Problem-solution discourse
171(1)
Membership categorization
172(1)
Rhetorical analysis
172(1)
Semiotics
173(1)
Discourse analysis
174(5)
Part III: Writing Up Your Research 179(32)
13 Presenting Data Graphically
181(21)
Tables
182(2)
Contingency table
184(1)
Charts
184(18)
Line chart or graph
185(1)
Bar chart
185(2)
Stacked and segmented bar chart
187(1)
Histogram
187(1)
Pie chart
188(1)
Scatter plot chart
189(1)
Error bar and box and whisker charts
190(1)
Pictogram
191(1)
Venn diagram
191(1)
Radar chart
191(1)
Word cloud
192(1)
Diagrams
192(1)
Maps
193(2)
Networks
195(7)
14 Writing up a Dissertation or Research Project
202(9)
When to start writing up
203(1)
Frame and fill
203(2)
Marshalling your notes and drafting your text
205(1)
Revisions
206(1)
Coming to conclusions
207(4)
Part IV: Succeeding In Your Research Project 211(20)
15 How to Get the Most out of your Lectures and Seminars
213(6)
Use of lecture notes
213(2)
Mastering technical terms
213(1)
Developing independent study
214(1)
Note-taking strategy
214(1)
Guidelines for note taking in lectures
214(1)
Developing the lecture
215(1)
How to make the most of seminars
215(4)
16 How to Get the Best out of Reading and Note Taking
219(6)
Reading
219(2)
Making notes
221(4)
17 How to Write Great Essays
225(6)
Finding major questions
225(1)
Listing and linking the key concepts
226(1)
An adversarial system
226(1)
Structuring an outline
226(1)
Rest your case: evidence, citations and quotes
227(4)
Glossary 231(14)
References 245(4)
Index 249
Dr Nicholas Walliman is a qualified architect and Associate Lecturer in the School of the Built Environment at Oxford Brookes University and is a former research associate in the Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development. He has been engaged on a series of nationally and internationally funded research projects on aspects of building technology and has published many research papers. He has also supervised and examined numerous PhD, MPhil and Masters students. He has published a number of books on doing research and writing papers, dissertations and theses. 
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