This anthology for Medical Sociology courses, is edited by two leading experts in the field. It brings together readings from the scholarly literature on health, medicine, and health care, covering some of the most timely health issues of our day, including eating disorders, the effects of inequality on health, how race, class, and gender affect health outcomes, the health politics of asthma, the effects of health care reform, the pharmaceutical industry, health information on the Internet, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Part I The Social Production of Disease and Meanings of Illness
The Social Nature of Disease
Reading 1 Medical Measures and the Decline of Mortality - John B. McKinlay
and Sonja M. McKinlay
Introducing a Medical Heresy
Aims
Background to the Issue
How Reliable Are Mortality Statistics?
The Modern Decline in Mortality
The Effect of Medical Measures on Ten Infectious Diseases Which Have
Declined
Conclusions
Reading 2 Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities:
Theory, Evidence, and Practice - Jo C. Phelan, Bruce G. Link, and Parisa
Tehranifar
The Theory
Key Empirical Findings
Returning to the Theory: Refinements and Limitations
Implications for Health Policy
Conclusion
Who Gets Sick? The Unequal Social Distribution of Disease
Reading 3 Social Class, Susceptibility, and Sickness - S. Leonard Syme and
Lisa F. Berkman
Reading 4 Racism and Health: Pathways and Scientific Evidence - David R.
Williams and Selina A. Mohammed
Overview of the Nature of Racism and Its Persistence
Mechanisms by Which Racism Can Affect Health and Evidence of Health
Effects
Conclusion
Reading 5 Sex, Gender, and Vulnerability - Rachel C. Snow
Introduction
Definitions
Sex Differences in Diseases
Attributing Health Outcomes to Sex or Gender
Implications for Research and Policy
The Mutability of Gender
Conclusion
Reading 6 Health Inequalities in Global Context - Jason Beckfield, Sigrun
Olafsdottir, and Elyas Bakhtiari
Social Inequalities Generate Health Gradients
Data and Method
Results
Discussion
Reading 7 A Case for Refocusing Upstream: The Political Economy of Illness -
John B. McKinlay
Our Sickening Social and Physical Environments
Reading 8 Social Relationships and Health - James S. House, Karl R. Landis,
and Debra Umberson
Reading 9 Dying Alone: The Social Production of Urban Isolation - Eric
Klinenberg
The Social and Cultural Meanings of Illness
Reading 10 Morality and Health: News Media Constructions of Overweight and
Eating Disorders - Abigail C. Saguy and Kjerstin Gruys
Reading 11 Like a Fish out of Water: Managing Chronic Pain in the Urban
Safety Net - Sara Rubin, Nancy Burke, Meredith Van Natta, Irene Yen, and
Janet K. Shim
Reading 12 Whose Deaths Matter?: Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to
Disease in the Mass Media - Elizabeth M. Armstrong, Daniel P. Carpenter, and
Marie Hojnacki
The Experience of Illness
Reading 13 Electronic Support Groups, Patient-Consumers, and Medicalization:
The Case of Contested Illness - Kristin K. Barker
Reading 14 The Meaning of Medications: Another Look at Compliance - Peter
Conrad
PART II THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE
The Rise and Fall of the Dominance of Medicine
Reading 15 Professionalization, Monopoly, and the Structure of Medical
Practice - Peter Conrad and Joseph W. Schneider
Reading 16 Notes on the Decline of Midwives and the Rise of Medical
Obstetricians - Richard W. Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz
Reading 17 The End of the Golden Age of Doctoring - John B. McKinlay and Lisa
D. Marceau
Other Providers In and Out of Medicine
Reading 18 A Caring Dilemma: Womanhood and Nursing in Historical Perspective
- Susan Reverby
Reading 19 SuperNurse? Troubling the Hero Discourse in COVID Times - Rochelle
Einboden
Reading 20 Becoming a Complementary Health Practitioner: The Construction of
Alternative Medical Knowledge - Maayan Roichman
Pharmaceuticalization
Reading 21 From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer
Advertising and Medicalisation - Peter Conrad and Valerie Leiter
Reading 22 Prescriptions and Proscriptions: Moralising Sleep Medicines -
Jonathan Gabe, Catherine M. Coveney, and Simon J. Williams
Reading 23 Vaccine Refusal and Pharmaceutical Acquiescence: Parental Control
and Ambivalence in Managing Childrens Health - Jennifer A. Reich
Financing Medical Care
Reading 24 Paying for Health Care - Thomas Bodenheimer and Kevin Grumbach
Reading 25 The Origins of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act -
Jill Quadagno
Medicine in Practice
Reading 26 The Struggle Between the Voice of Medicine and the Voice of the
Lifeworld - Elliot G. Mishler
Reading 27 Cultural Brokerage: Creating Linkages Between Voices of Lifeworld
and Medicine in Cross-Cultural Clinical Settings - Ming-Cheng Miriam Lo
Reading 28 Latina Physicians as Essential Workers - Glenda M. Flores
Reading 29 Like Finding a Unicorn: Healthcare Preferences Among Lesbian,
Gay, and Bisexual People in the United States - Alexander J. Martos, Patrick
A. Wilson, Allegra R. Gordon, Marguerita Lightfoot, and Ilan H. Meyer
Reading 30 Social Death as Self-Fulfilling Prophecy - Stefan Timmermans
Reading 31 Technologies and Health Inequities - Stefan Timmermans and Rebecca
Kaufman
Reading 32 Being-in-Dialysis: The Experience of the MachineBody for Home
Dialysis Users - Rhonda Shaw
Reading 33 It Just Becomes Much More Complicated: Genetic Counselors Views
on Genetics and Prenatal Testing - Susan Markens
Part III Contemporary Critical Debates
The Relevance of Risk
Reading 34 Risk as Moral Danger: The Social and Political Functions of Risk
Discourse in Public Health - Deborah Lupton
Reading 35 Lay Pharmacovigilance and the Dramatization of Risk:
Fluoroquinolone Harm on YouTube - Kristin Kay Barker
Reading 36 Risk society online: Zika virus, social media and distrust in the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Andrea Laurent-Simpson and Celia
C. Lo
Reading 37 The Shifting Engines of Medicalization - Peter Conrad
Reading 38 The Best Laid Plans?: Womens Choices, Expectations and
Experiences in Childbirth - Claudia Malacrida and Tiffany Boulton
Reading 39 C-Section Epidemic - Theresa Morris
Part IV Expanding Health and Health Care
Illness, Medicine, and the Internet
Reading 40 Illness and the Internet: From Private to Public Experience -
Peter Conrad, Julia Bandini, and Alexandria Vasquez
Reading 41 Collective Self-experimentation in Patient-led Research: How
Online Health Communities Foster Innovation - Joanna Kempner and John Bailey
Reading 42 Its Like Having a Physician in Your Pocket!: A Critical
Analysis of Self-Diagnosis Smartphone Apps - Deborah Lupton and Annemarie
Jutel
Prevention, Movements, and Social Change
Reading 43 COVID-19 as Eco-Pandemic Injustice: Opportunities for Collective
and Antiracist Approaches to Environmental Health - Martha Powers, Phil
Brown, Grace Poudrier, Jennifer Liss Ohayon, Alissa Cordner, Cole Alder, and
Marina Goreau Atlas
Reading 44 Politicizing Health Care - John McKnight
Peter Conrad is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Brandeis University. His work focuses on the sociology of health and illness, deviance, medicalization, new genetics, and the sociology of ADHD. He has published over 100 articles and a dozen books, including The Medicalization of Society (2007), and most recently, coedited Global Perspectives on ADHD (2018). He received the Lee Founders Award from the Society for the Study of Social Problems (for lifetime contributions) and the Leo G. Reeder Award for outstanding contributions to medical Sociology from the Medical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association.
Valerie Leiter is Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at Simmons College. She received the Irving K. Zola Award for Emerging Scholars in Disability Studies. Much of her work focuses on children and youth with disabilities, including her book, Their Time has Come: Youth with Disabilities on the Cusp of Adulthood (Rutgers University Press). She has two current projects, one focused on individuals experiences with autoimmune conditions, and the other on the Food and Drug Administrations regulation of womens health medical devices. Her teaching addresses health and illness, disability, children and youth, and sociological methods.
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