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E-raamat: Software Engineering for Collective Autonomic Systems: The ASCENS Approach

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A collective autonomic system consists of collaborating autonomic entities which are able to adapt at runtime, adjusting to the state of the environment and incorporating new knowledge into their behavior. These highly dynamic systems are also known as ensembles. To ensure correct behavior of ensembles it is necessary to support their development through appropriate methods and tools which can guarantee that an autonomic system lives up to its intended purpose; this includes respecting important constraints of the environment.

This State-of-the-Art Survey addresses the engineering of such systems by presenting the methods, tools and theories developed within the ASCENS project. ASCENS was an integrated project funded in the period 2010-2015 by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Commission as part of the Future Emerging Technologies Proactive Initiative (FET Proactive). The 17 contributions included in this book are organized in four parts corresponding to the research areas of the project and their concrete applications: (I) language and verification for self-awareness and self-expression, (II) modeling and theory of self-aware and adaptive systems, (III) engineering techniques for collective autonomic systems, and last but not least, (IV) challenges and feedback provided by the case studies of the project in the areas of swarm robotics, cloud computing and e-mobility.
Part I Language and Verification for Collective Autonomic Systems
Introduction
1(2)
The SCEL Language: Design, Implementation, Verification
3(70)
Rocco De Nicola
Diego Latella
Alberto Lluch Lafuente
Michele Loreti
Andrea Margheri
Mieke Massink
Andrea Morichetta
Rosario Pugliese
Francesco Tiezzi
Andrea Vandin
1 Introduction
3(3)
2 The Parametric Language SCEL
6(15)
3 Knowledge Management
21(6)
4 A Policy Language
27(8)
5 A Full-Fledged SCEL Instance
35(9)
6 A Runtime Environment for SCEL
44(6)
7 Quantitative Variants of SCEL
50(7)
8 Verification
57(10)
9 Concluding Remarks
67(6)
Reconfigurable and Software-Defined Networks of Connectors and Components
73(34)
Roberto Bruni
Ugo Montanari
Matteo Sammartino
1 Introduction
73(1)
2 Software-Defined and Overlay Networks
74(1)
3 Network Conscious π-Calculus (NCPi)
75(8)
4 Formal Definition and Properties of the PASTRY Distributed Hash Table System
83(2)
5 Networks of Connectors and Components
85(2)
6 Connector Algebras for Petri Nets
87(4)
7 From BI(P) to Petri Nets and Vice Versa
91(3)
8 Reconfigurable and Dynamic BIP
94(10)
9 Concluding Remarks
104(3)
Correctness of Service Components and Service Component Ensembles
107(54)
Jacques Combaz
Saddek Bensalem
Francesco Tiezzi
Andrea Margheri
Rosario Pugliese
Jan Kofron
1 Introduction
107(2)
2 Verification Techniques for BIP Models
109(26)
3 Alternative Approaches to Ensure System Correctness
135(19)
4 Conclusion
154(7)
Part II Modeling and Theory of Adaptive and Self-aware Systems
Introduction
161(2)
Reconciling White-Box and Black-Box Perspectives on Behavioral Self-adaptation
163(22)
Roberto Bruni
Andrea Corradini
Fabio Gadducci
Matthias Holzl
Alberto Lluch Lafuente
Andrea Vandin
Martin Wirsing
1 Introduction
163(2)
2 A Robot Rescue Case Study
165(1)
3 Black-Box and White-Box Adaptation
166(7)
4 Reconciling Black-Box and White-Box Adaptation
173(8)
5 Related Work
181(1)
6 Conclusion
182(3)
From Local to Global Knowledge and Back
185(36)
Nicklas Hoch
Giacoma Valentina Monreale
Ugo Montanari
Matteo Sammartino
Alain Tcheukam Siwe
1 Introduction
186(2)
2 Constraints Programming
188(4)
3 E-mobility Optimization Problems
192(11)
4 Smart GRIDS for Renewable Electrical Power Production/Consumption
203(14)
5 Conclusion and Future Work
217(4)
Knowledge Representation for Adaptive and Self-aware Systems
221(28)
Emil Vassev
Mike Hinchey
1 Introduction
221(1)
2 KnowLang -- Language for Knowledge Representation of Self-adaptive Systems
222(12)
3 KnowLang Reasoner
234(3)
4 Awareness in Software-Intensive Systems
237(6)
5 Related Work
243(1)
6 Conclusions
244(5)
Reasoning and Learning for Awareness and Adaptation
249(42)
Matthias Holzl
Thomas Gabor
1 Introduction
249(3)
2 Awareness and Self-expression
252(5)
3 Extended Behavior Trees
257(11)
4 Reinforcement Learning
268(14)
5 Passing Knowledge to Other Components: Teacher-Student Learning
282(3)
6 Related Work
285(1)
7 Conclusions and Future Work
286(5)
Supporting Performance Awareness in Autonomous Ensembles
291(32)
Lubomir Bulej
Tomas Bures
Ilias Gerostathopoulos
Vojtech Horky
Jaroslav Keznikl
Lukas Marek
Max Tschaikowski
Mirco Tribastone
Petr Tuma
1 Introduction
291(2)
2 Instrumentation for Performance Monitoring
293(2)
3 Expressing Performance Properties
295(8)
4 Coding for Performance Awareness
303(4)
5 Modeling Performance
307(4)
6 Performance Aware Ensembles
311(4)
7 Designing Performance-Based Adaptation
315(8)
Part III Engineering Techniques for Collective Autonomic Systems
Introduction
323(2)
The Ensemble Development Life Cycle and Best Practices for Collective Autonomic Systems
325(30)
Matthias Holzl
Nora Koch
Mariachiara Puviani
Martin Wirsing
Franco Zambonelli
1 Introduction
325(2)
2 Software Development Life Cycle for Ensembles
327(1)
3 Engineering Feedback Control Loops
328(11)
4 A Pattern Language for Ensemble Development
339(9)
5 Related Work
348(1)
6 Conclusions
349(6)
Methodological Guidelines for Engineering Self-organization and Emergence
355(24)
Victor Noel
Franco Zambonelli
1 Introduction
355(2)
2 Emergence, Engineering and Decomposition
357(5)
3 Following the Problem Organisation
362(6)
4 Engineering a Swarm of Bots
368(4)
5 Related Works and Discussion
372(3)
6 Conclusion
375(4)
Engineering Requirements for Autonomy Features
379(26)
Emil Vassev
Mike Hinchey
1 Introduction
379(1)
2 ARE -- Autonomy Requirements Engineering
380(6)
3 Capturing Autonomy Requirements for Science Clouds
386(12)
4 Related Work
398(2)
5 Conclusions
400(5)
The Invariant Refinement Method
405(24)
Tomas Bures
Ilias Gerostathopoulos
Petr Hnetynka
Jaroslav Keznikl
Michal Kit
Frantisek Plasil
1 Introduction
405(1)
2 Running Example
406(3)
3 The Need for a Tailored Design Method for ACEs
409(2)
4 Invariant Refinement Method
411(5)
5 IRM Abstraction Levels and Invariant Patterns
416(10)
6 Conclusions
426(3)
Tools for Ensemble Design and Runtime
429(20)
Dhaminda B. Abeywickrama
Jacques Combaz
Vojtech Horky
Jaroslav Keznikl
Jan Kofron
Alberto Lluch Lafuente
Michele Loreti
Andrea Margheri
Philip Mayer
Valentina Monreale
Ugo Montanari
Carlo Pinciroli
Petr Tuma
Andrea Vandin
Emil Vassev
1 Introduction
429(2)
2 Design Cycle Tools
431(9)
3 Runtime Cycle Tools
440(4)
4 Summary
444(5)
Part IV Case Studies: Challenges and Feedback
Introduction
449(2)
The ASCENS Case Studies: Results and Common Aspects
451(20)
Nikola Serbedzija
1 Introduction
451(3)
2 Application Challenges
454(4)
3 Common Approach
458(3)
4 Generic Set of Common Tools
461(1)
5 Application Deployments
462(4)
6 Conclusion
466(5)
Adaptation and Awareness in Robot Ensembles: Scenarios and Algorithms
471(24)
Carlo Pinciroli
Michael Bonani
Francesco Mondada
Marco Dorigo
1 Introduction
471(2)
2 Scenario: Disaster Recovery
473(6)
3 The Robotics Scenario and the EDLC
479(3)
4 Implementation and Demonstration
482(10)
5 Conclusions
492(3)
The Autonomic Cloud
495(18)
Philip Mayer
Jose Velasco
Annabelle Klarl
Rolf Hennicker
Mariachiara Puviani
Francesco Tiezzi
Rosario Pugliese
Jaroslav Keznikl
Tomas Bures
1 Introduction
495(1)
2 Influencing Areas of Computing
496(2)
3 Handling Awareness and Adaptation
498(8)
4 Implementation
506(2)
5 Evaluation and Demonstrator
508(2)
6 Summary
510(3)
The E-mobility Case Study
513(22)
Nicklas Hoch
Henry-Paul Bensler
Dhaminda Abeywickrama
Tomas Bures
Ugo Montanari
1 Introduction
514(1)
2 System Design
515(4)
3 Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering for Self-adaptive Autonomic Systems
519(7)
4 Implementation and Deployment
526(2)
5 Runtime Simulation
528(3)
6 Summary
531(4)
Author Index 535