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E-raamat: Solaris 10 System Administration Essentials

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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Nov-2009
  • Kirjastus: Prentice Hall
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780137019519
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Nov-2009
  • Kirjastus: Prentice Hall
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780137019519
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Solaris™ 10 System Administration Essentials is the first book to concisely yet comprehensively cover all of the breakthrough features of the Solaris 10 operating system. The Solaris OS has a long history of innovation, and the Solaris 10 OS is a watershed release that includes features such as

  • Zones, which provide application isolation and facilitate server consolidation
  • ZFS™, the file system that provides a new approach to managing your data with an easy administration interface
  • The Fault Management Architecture, which automates fault detection and resolution
  • The Service Management Facility, a unified model for services and service management on every Solaris system
  • Dynamic Tracing (DTrace), for troubleshooting OS and application problems on production systems in real time

In addition, the Solaris 10 OS fully supports 32-bit and 64-bit x86 platforms, as well as the SPARC® architecture.

The book’s key topics include

  • Installing, booting, and shutting down a system
  • Managing packages and patches (software updates)
  • Controlling system processes
  • Managing disks and devices
  • Managing users
  • Configuring networks
  • Using printing services

Solaris™ 10 System Administration Essentials is part of a new series on Solaris system administration. It is a practical guide to deploying and managing the Solaris 10 operating system in a business or academic environment. The book is easy to read and rich with examples–a perfect companion for system administrators who are deploying the Solaris OS for the first time.

Preface xvii
About the Authors xxi
Chapter 1 Installing the Solaris 10 Operating System 1
1.1 Methods to Meet Your Needs
1
1.2 The Basics of Solaris Installation
2
1.2.1 Installing Solaris on a SPARC System
6
1.2.2 Installing Solaris on an x86 System
9
1.3 Solaris JumpStart Installation
13
1.3.1 Setting up a JumpStart Server
13
1.3.2 Creating a Profile Server for Networked Systems
14
1.3.3 Performing a Custom JumpStart Installation
22
1.4 Upgrading a Solaris System
25
1.5 Solaris Live Upgrade
26
Chapter 2 Boot, Service Management, and Shutdown 33
2.1 Boot
33
2.1.1 The Bootloader
33
2.1.2 The Kernel
34
2.1.3 User-Mode Programs
34
2.1.4 GRUB Extensions
35
2.1.5 Modifying Boot Behavior
36
2.1.6 Run Levels
37
2.1.7 Troubleshooting
37
2.2 Service Management Facility
39
2.2.1 enabled
40
2.2.2 state, next_state, and state_time
40
2.2.3 logfile
41
2.2.4 dependency
41
2.2.5 How SMF Interacts with Service Implementations
42
2.2.6 The Service Configuration Facility
44
2.2.7 Health and Troubleshooting
44
2.2.8 Service Manifests
45
2.2.9 Backup and Restore of SCF Data
45
2.3 Shutdown
46
2.3.1 Application-Specific Shutdown
46
2.3.2 Application-Independent Shutdown
46
Chapter 3 Software Management: Packages 47
3.1 Managing Software Packages
47
3.2 What Is a Package?
47
3.2.1 SVR4 Package Content
48
3.2.2 Package Naming Conventions
49
3.3 Tools for Managing Software Packages
49
3.4 Installing or Removing a Software Package with the pkgadd or pkgrm Command
50
3.5 Using Package Commands to Manage Software Packages
51
3.5.1 How to Install Packages with the pkgadd Command
51
3.5.2 Adding Frequently Installed Packages to a Spool Directory
54
3.5.3 Removing Software Packages
56
Chapter 4 Software Management: Patches 59
4.1 Managing Software with Patches
59
4.2 What Is a Patch?
59
4.2.1 Patch Content
60
4.2.2 Patch Numbering
61
4.3 Patch Management Best Practices
61
4.3.1 Proactive Patch Management Strategy
62
4.3.2 Reactive Patch Management Strategy
68
4.3.3 Security Patch Management Strategy
70
4.3.4 Proactive Patching When Installing a New System
71
4.3.5 Identifying Patches for Proactive Patching and Accessing Patches
73
4.4 Example of Using Solaris Live Upgrade to Install Patches
75
4.4.1 Overview of Patching with Solaris Live Upgrade
75
4.4.2 Planning for Using Solaris Live Upgrade
77
4.4.3 How to Apply a Patch When Using Solaris Live Upgrade for the Solaris 10 8/07 Release
79
4.5 Patch Automation Tools
86
4.6 Overview of Patch Types
88
4.7 Patch README Special Instructions
93
4.7.1 When to Patch in Single-User Mode
93
4.7.2 When to Reboot After Applying or Removing a Patch
94
4.7.3 Patch Metadata for Non-Global Zones
95
4.8 Patch Dependencies (Interrelationships)
96
4.8.1 SUNW_REQUIRES Field for Patch Dependencies
96
4.8.2 SUNW_OBSOLETES Field for Patch Accumulation and Obsolescence
97
4.8.3 SUNW_INCOMPAT Field for Incompatibility
97
Chapter 5 Solaris File Systems 99
5.1 Solaris File System Overview
99
5.1.1 Mounting File Systems
100
5.1.2 Unmounting File Systems
102
5.1.3 Using the /etc/vf stab File
103
5.1.4 Determining a File System Type
104
5.1.5 Monitoring File Systems
105
5.2 UFS File Systems
105
5.2.1 Creating a UFS File System
106
5.2.2 Backing Up and Restoring UFS File Systems
107
5.2.3 Using Quotas to Manage Disk Space
108
5.2.4 Checking File System Integrity
110
5.2.5 Using Access Control Lists
112
5.2.6 Using UFS Logging
113
5.2.7 Using Extended File Attributes
115
5.2.8 Using Multiterabyte UFS File Systems
115
5.2.9 Creating UFS Snapshots
115
5.3 ZFS File System Administration
117
5.3.1 Using Pools and File Systems
118
5.3.2 Backing Up a ZFS File System
120
5.3.3 Using Mirroring and Striping
121
5.3.4 Using RAID-Z
122
5.3.5 Using Copy-on-Write and Snapshots
122
5.3.6 Using File Compression
124
5.3.7 Measuring Performance
124
5.3.8 Expanding a Pool
125
5.3.9 Checking a Pool
126
5.3.10 Replacing a Disk
127
5.4 NFS File System Administration
127
5.4.1 Finding Available NFS File Systems
128
5.4.2 Mounting an NFS File System
129
5.4.3 Unmounting an NFS File System
129
5.4.4 Configuring Automatic File System Sharing
130
5.4.5 Automounting File Systems
130
5.5 Removable Media
133
5.5.1 Using the PCFS File System
135
5.5.2 Using the HSFS File System
136
5.6 Pseudo File System Administration
136
5.6.1 Using Swap Space
136
5.6.2 Using the TMPFS File System
138
5.6.3 Using the Loopback File System
139
Chapter 6 Managing System Processes 141
6.1 Overview
141
6.1.1 State of a Process
143
6.1.2 Process Context
143
6.2 Monitoring the Processes
145
6.2.1 Process Status: ps
146
6.2.2 Grepping for Process: pgrep
149
6.2.3 Process Statistics Summary: prstat
149
6.2.4 Reap a Zombie Process: preap
151
6.2.5 Temporarily Stop a Process: pstop
152
6.2.6 Resuming a Suspended Process: prun
152
6.2.7 Wait for Process Completion: pwai t
152
6.2.8 Process Working Directory: pwdx
152
6.2.9 Process Arguments: pargs
152
6.2.10 Process File Table: pfiles
153
6.2.11 Process Libraries: pldd
154
6.2.12 Process Tree: ptree
154
6.2.13 Process Stack: ps tack
155
6.2.14 Tracing Process: truss
156
6.3 Controlling the Processes
158
6.3.1 The nice and renice Commands
158
6.3.2 Signals
159
6.4 Process Manager
164
6.5 Scheduling Processes
170
6.5.1 cron Utility
171
6.5.2 The at Command
175
Chapter 7 Fault Management 179
7.1 Overview
179
7.2 Fault Notification
181
7.3 Displaying Faults
182
7.4 Repairing Faults
184
7.5 Managing Fault Management Log Files
184
7.5.1 Automatic Log Rotation
185
7.5.2 Manual Log Rotation
186
7.5.3 Log Rotation Failures
187
7.5.4 Examining Historical Log Files
188
7.6 Managing fmd and fmd Modules
188
7.6.1 Loading and Unloading Modules
189
7.6.2 t md Statistics
191
7.6.3 Configuration Files
192
7.7 Fault Management Directories
193
7.8 Solaris Fault Management Downloadable Resources
193
7.8.1 Solaris FMA Demo Kit
193
7.8.2 Events Registry
194
Chapter 8 Managing Disks 197
8.1 Hard Disk Drive
197
8.2 Disk Terminology
199
8.3 Disk Device Naming Conventions
200
8.3.1 Specifying the Disk Subdirectory in Commands
202
8.4 Overview of Disk Management
202
8.4.1 Device Driver
202
8.4.2 Disk Labels (VTOC or EFI)
203
8.4.3 Disk Slices
205
8.4.4 Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks
207
8.4.5 Partition Table
208
8.4.6 format Utility
210
8.4.7 format Menu and Command Descriptions
211
8.4.8 Partition Menu
213
8.4.9 x86: fdisk Menu
214
8.4.10 Analyze Menu
215
8.4.11 Defect Menu
217
8.5 Disk Management Procedures
217
8.5.1 How to Identify the Disks on a System
218
8.5.2 How to Determine If a Disk Is Formatted
218
8.5.3 How to Format a Disk
219
8.5.4 How to Identify a Defective Sector by Performing a Surface Analysis
221
8.5.5 How to Repair a Defective Sector
222
8.5.6 How to Display the Partition Table or Slice Information
223
8.5.7 Creating Disk Slices (Partitioning a Disk) and Labeling a Disk
224
8.5.8 Creating a File System On a Disk
228
8.5.9 Additional Commands to Manage Disks
229
Chapter 9 Managing Devices 235
9.1 Solaris Device Driver Introduction
235
9.2 Analyzing Lack of Device Support
236
9.2.1 Device Does Not Work
236
9.2.2 Obtaining Information About Devices
236
9.2.3 Obtaining Information About Drivers
241
9.2.4 Does the Device Have a Driver?
248
9.2.5 Current Driver Does Not Work
250
9.2.6 Can a Driver for a Similar Device Work?
250
9.3 Installing and Updating Drivers
251
9.3.1 Backing Up Current Functioning Driver Binaries
251
9.3.2 Package Installations
252
9.3.3 Install Time Updates
252
9.3.4 Manual Driver Binary Installation
253
9.3.5 Adding a Device Driver to a Net Installation Image
256
9.3.6 Adding a Device Driver to a CD/DVD Installation Image
262
9.3.7 Swapping Disks
263
9.4 When Drivers Hang or Panic the System
266
9.4.1 Device Driver Causes the System to Hang
266
9.4.2 Device Driver Causes the System to Panic
268
9.4.3 Device Driver Degrades System Performance
269
9.5 Driver Administration Commands and Files
270
9.5.1 Driver Administration Command Summary
270
9.5.2 Driver Administration File Summary
272
Chapter 10 Solaris Networking 275
10.1 Introduction to Network Configuration
275
10.1.1 Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Stack
275
10.1.2 Configuring the Network as Superuser
277
10.2 Setting Up a Network
277
10.2.1 Components of the XYZ, Inc. Network
277
10.2.2 Configuring the Sales Domain
280
10.2.3 Configuring the Accounting Domain
283
10.2.4 Configuring the Multihomed Host
288
10.2.5 Setting Up a System for Static Routing
296
10.2.6 Configuring the Corporate Domain
300
10.2.7 Testing the Network Configuration
302
10.3 Monitoring Network Performance
304
10.3.1 dladm Command
304
10.3.2 if conf ig Command
305
10.3.3 netstat Command
305
10.3.4 snoop Command
307
10.3.5 traceroute Command
308
Chapter 11 Solaris User Management 309
11.1 Solaris Users, Groups, and Roles
309
11.1.1 File System Object Permissions
310
11.1.2 User Account Components
312
11.1.3 User Management Tools
313
11.1.4 User Management Files
313
11.2 Managing Users and Groups
314
11.2.1 Starting the Solaris Management Console
314
11.2.2 Adding a Group and a User to Local Files
315
11.2.3 Adding a Group and a User to an NIS Domain
317
11.3 Managing Roles
318
11.3.1 Changing root from a User to a Role
318
11.3.2 Viewing the List of Roles
319
11.3.3 Assigning a Role to a Local User
319
Chapter 12 Solaris Zones 321
12.1 Overview
321
12.2 How Zones Work
323
12.3 Branded Zones
324
12.4 Network Interfaces in Zones
324
12.5 Devices in Zones
325
12.6 Packages and Patches in a Zones Environment
325
12.7 Administering Zones
326
12.7.1 Zone Configuration
327
12.7.2 Viewing a Zone Configuration
331
12.7.3 Zone Installation and Booting
331
12.7.4 Zone Login Using the zlogin Command
332
12.8 Halting, Uninstalling, Moving, and Cloning Zones
333
12.9 Migrating a Zone to a New System
334
12.10 Deleting a Zone
336
12.11 Listing the Zones on a System
336
12.12 Zones Usage Examples
337
12.12.1 Adding a Dedicated Device to a Non-Global Zone
337
12.12.2 How to Export Home Directories in the Global Zone into a Non-Global Zone
337
12.12.3 Altering Privileges in a Non-Global Zone
337
12.12.4 Checking the Status of SMF Services
338
12.12.5 Modifying CPU, Swap, and Locked Memory Caps in Zones
338
12.12.6 Using the Dtrace Program in a Non-Global Zone
339
Chapter 13 Using Naming Services 341
13.1 Using Naming Services (DNS, NIS, AND LDAP)
341
13.1.1 Naming Service Cache Daemon (nscd)
342
13.1.2 DNS Naming Services
342
13.1.3 MS Naming Services
342
13.1.4 LDAP Naming Services
343
13.1.5 Organizational Use of Naming Services
343
13.1.6 Network Database Sources
344
13.2 Name Service Switch File
347
13.2.1 Configuring the Name Service Switch File
347
13.2.2 Database Status and Actions
349
13.3 DNS Setup and Configuration
350
13.3.1 Resolver Files
350
13.3.2 Steps DNS Clients Use to Resolve Names
350
13.4 NIS Setup and Configuration
351
13.4.1 Setting Up MS Clients
351
13.4.2 Working with MS Maps
352
13.5 LDAP Setup and Configuration
356
13.5.1 Initializing a Client Using Per-User Credentials
357
13.5.2 Configuring an LDAP Client
359
13.5.3 Using Profiles to Initialize an LDAP Client
362
13.5.4 Using Proxy Credentials to Initialize an LDAP Client
362
13.5.5 Initializing an LDAP Client Manually
363
13.5.6 Modifying a Manual LDAP Client Configuration
363
13.5.7 Troubleshooting LDAP Client Configuration
364
13.5.8 Uninitializing an LDAP Client
364
13.5.9 Initializing the Native LDAP Client
364
13.5.10 LDAP API Entry Listings
368
13.5.11 Troubleshooting Name Service Information
368
Chapter 14 Solaris Print Administration 369
14.1 Overview of the Solaris Printing Architecture
369
14.2 Key Concepts
370
14.2.1 Printer Categories (Local and Remote Printers)
370
14.2.2 Printer Connections (Directly Attached and Network Attached)
370
14.2.3 Description of a Print Server and a Print Client
371
14.3 Solaris Printing Tools and Services
371
14.3.1 Solaris Print Manager
371
14.3.2 LP Print Service
371
14.3.3 PostScript Printer Definitions File Manager
372
14.4 Network Protocols
372
14.4.1 Berkeley Software Distribution Protocol
372
14.4.2 Transmission Control Protocol
372
14.4.3 Internet Printing Protocol
373
14.4.4 Server Message Block Protocol
373
14.5 Planning for Printer Setup
373
14.5.1 Print Server Requirements
373
14.5.2 Locating Information About Supported Printers
374
14.5.3 Locating Information About Available PPD Files
375
14.5.4 Adding a New PPD File to the System
375
14.5.5 Adding Printers in a Naming Service
377
14.5.6 Printer Support in the Naming Service Switch
377
14.5.7 Enabling Network Listening Services
378
14.6 Setting Up Printers with Solaris Printer Manager
379
14.6.1 Assigning Printer Definitions
379
14.6.2 Starting Solaris Print Manager
380
14.6.3 Setting Up a New Directly Attached Printer With Solaris Print Manager
381
14.6.4 Setting Up a New Network-Attached Printer with Solaris Print Manager
381
14.7 Setting Up a Printer on a Print Client with Solaris Print Manager
385
14.7.1 Adding Printer Access With Solaris Print Manager
385
14.8 Administering Printers by Using LP Print Commands
385
14.8.1 Frequently Used LP Print Commands
386
14.8.2 Using the 1ps tat Command
386
14.8.3 Disabling and Enabling Printers
387
14.8.4 Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests
387
14.8.5 Canceling a Print Request
388
14.8.6 Moving Print Requests from One Printer to Another. Printer
389
14.8.7 Deleting a Printer
390
14.9 Troubleshooting Printing Problems
392
14.9.1 Troubleshooting No Output (Nothing Prints)
392
14.9.2 Checking That the Print Scheduler Is Running
393
14.9.3 Debugging Printing Problems
393
14.9.4 Checking the Printer Network Connections
394
Index 395
This book is the work of the engineers, architects, and writers at Sun Microsystems who conceptualized the services, wrote the procedures, and coded the rich set of Solaris features. Together, these authors bring a vast range of industry and academic experience to the business of creating and deploying operating systems. Authors include Stephanie Brucker, David Bustos, Raoul Carag, Penelope Cotten, Scott Davenport, Alta Elstad, Eric Erickson, Juanita Heieck, Puneet Jain, Narendra Kumar, James Liu, Alan Maguire, Cathleen Reiher, Vidya Sakar, Michael Schuster, Lynne Thompson, and Sowmini Varadhan.
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