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E-raamat: Space Micropropulsion for Nanosatellites: Progress, Challenges and Future

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Edited by (Assistant Professor, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128190388
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128190388
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Space Micropropulsion for Nanosatellites: Progress, Challenges and Future features the latest developments and progress, the challenges faced by different researchers, and insights on future micropropulsion systems. Nanosatellites, in particular cubesats, are an effective test bed for new technologies in outer space. However, most of the nanosatellites have no propulsion system, which subsequently limits their maneuverability in space.
  • Explains why nanosatellite requirements need unique micro-technologies to help develop a compliant propulsion system
  • Features an overview of nanosatellites and the global nanosatellite market
  • Covers chemical and electric micropropulsion and the latest developments
Contributors xi
SECTION 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Emerging of nanosatellites
3(20)
Kean How Cheah
1.1 Philosophy of micro- and nanosatellites
3(4)
1.2 The birth of CubeSats
7(2)
1.3 Launching of CubeSats
9(3)
1.4 First CubeSats
12(1)
1.5 CubeSats for scientific missions and commercialization
13(1)
1.6 CubeSats beyond the Earth
14(1)
1.7 The need of micropropulsion system
15(8)
References
18(5)
SECTION 2 Chemical micropropulsions
Chapter 2 Cold gas microthruster
23(28)
Kean How Cheah
Chaggai Ganani
Kristina Lemmer
Angelo Cervone
2.1 Background and principles of operation
23(2)
2.2 Nozzle theory
25(1)
2.3 Selection of propellant
26(2)
2.4 State of the art---system with flight heritage
28(11)
2.4.1 SNAP-1 (SSTL)
29(1)
2.4.2 MEPSI (The Aerospace Corporation)
30(2)
2.4.3 CanX-2 and CanX-4/5 (UTIAS/SFL)
32(1)
2.4.4 Delfi-n3xt (TNO, U. Twente, and TU Delft)
33(1)
2.4.5 POPSAT-HIP1 (microspace)
34(1)
2.4.6 PRISMA, TW-1A and GomX-4B (NanoSpace)
35(2)
2.4.7 NanoACE and MarCO (VACCO)
37(1)
2.4.8 BEVO-2 and ARMADILLO (University of Texas at Austin)
38(1)
2.5 Challenges and future
39(12)
2.5.1 Miniaturization of nozzle via MEMS approach
40(3)
2.5.2 Optimization of micronozzle design
43(5)
References
48(3)
Chapter 3 Solid-propellant microthruster
51(34)
Akira Kakami
3.1 Introduction
51(2)
3.2 Solid propellants
53(10)
3.2.1 Fuel
55(2)
3.2.2 Oxidizer
57(1)
3.2.3 Other reactants
58(2)
3.2.4 Propellants
60(3)
3.3 Solid-propellant propulsion fundamentals
63(4)
3.3.1 Thrust chamber pressure and stability
63(2)
3.3.2 Combustion model
65(2)
3.4 Design of solid-propellant thruster
67(1)
3.5 Progress in solid-propellant microthruster
68(12)
3.5.1 Non-MEMS microthruster
68(5)
3.5.2 MEMS-based microthruster
73(7)
3.6 Conclusion and future prospects
80(5)
References
80(5)
Chapter 4 Liquid propellant microthrusters
85(40)
Kean How Cheah
Wai Siong Chai
Toshiyuki Katsumi
4.1 Historical background and principles of operation
85(3)
4.1.1 Operating principles
87(1)
4.2 Liquid propellants
88(7)
4.2.1 Performance of propellant
88(2)
4.2.2 From bipropellant to monopropellant
90(2)
4.2.3 From macroscale to microscale
92(1)
4.2.4 Emerging of energetic ionic liquids as green propellant
93(2)
4.3 State-of-the-art liquid propellant microthruster
95(21)
4.3.1 Hydrazine thrusters
95(1)
4.3.2 EILs-based green propellant thrusters
95(9)
4.3.3 From small satellites into nanosatellites
104(5)
4.3.4 Under development
109(7)
4.4 Challenges and future
116(9)
4.4.1 Bipropellant micropropulsion system
116(1)
4.4.2 Monopropellant micropropulsion system
117(2)
References
119(6)
SECTION 3 Electric micropropulsions
Chapter 5 Electrothermal microthruster
125(26)
Angelo Cervone
Dadui Cordeiro Guerrieri
Marsil de Athayde Costa e Silva
Fiona Leverone
5.1 Historical background and principle of operation
125(2)
5.2 Current state of the art of electrothermal micropropulsion
127(10)
5.2.1 Conventional microresistojet thrusters
127(8)
5.2.2 A less conventional option: low-pressure microresistojet thrusters
135(1)
5.2.3 An even less conventional option: solar thermal propulsion
136(1)
5.3 Selection of propellant for electrothermal microthrusters
137(4)
5.4 Theoretical analysis of conventional microresistojets
141(4)
5.5 Conclusion and future challenges
145(6)
References
147(2)
Further Reading
149(2)
Chapter 6 Electrostatic microthrusters
151(30)
Gabe Xu
Kristina Lemmer
6.1 Background
151(1)
6.2 Principle of operation
152(6)
6.2.1 Ionization and plasma generation
154(1)
6.2.2 Ion acceleration
155(1)
6.2.3 Beam neutralization
156(2)
6.3 Selection of propellant
158(3)
6.3.1 Gaseous
158(1)
6.3.2 Liquid
159(1)
6.3.3 Solid
160(1)
6.4 Current state of the art
161(12)
6.4.1 Systems with flight heritage
161(3)
6.4.2 Systems under development
164(9)
6.5 Challenges and future
173(8)
6.5.1 Optimization
173(2)
References
175(6)
Chapter 7 Electromagnetic microthrusters
181(16)
Kristina Lemmer
Gabe Xu
7.1 Background
181(1)
7.2 Thruster types
182(5)
7.2.1 Pulsed plasma thrusters and vacuum arc thrusters
183(2)
7.2.2 Magnetic nozele thrusters
185(2)
7.3 Current state of the art
187(4)
7.3.1 Systems with flight heritage
187(2)
7.3.2 Systems under development
189(2)
7.4 Challenges and future
191(6)
References
192(1)
Further Reading
193(4)
SECTION 4 Related development
Chapter 8 Thrust measurement
197(48)
Akira Kakami
8.1 Thrust stand
197(48)
8.1.1 Introduction
197(3)
8.1.2 The displacement method
200(7)
8.1.3 The null-balance method
207(6)
8.1.4 Thrust target
213(2)
8.1.5 Elements
215(9)
8.1.6 Calibration
224(8)
8.1.7 State-of-the-art
232(8)
8.1.8 Summary
240(1)
References
240(5)
Chapter 9 Nanoenergetic for micropropulsion
245(28)
Ruiqi Shen
Yinghua Ye
Luigi T. DeLuca
Chengbo Ru
Xiaoyong Wang
Zhang He
9.1 Introduction
245(1)
9.2 Combustion equations of nanoenergetic propellant
245(2)
9.3 Interior ballistic equations of microthruster
247(1)
9.4 Microthrust balance
248(7)
9.4.1 Vertical thrust balance
249(2)
9.4.2 Horizontal thrust balance
251(4)
9.5 Primary explosive propellant
255(3)
9.6 Nanothermite propellant
258(11)
9.7 Conclusion
269(4)
Acknowledgments
270(1)
References
270(3)
Chapter 10 Solar sail as propellant-less micropropulsion
273(12)
Yimeng Li
B. Eng
Kean How Cheah
10.1 Historical background
273(2)
10.1.1 Advantages and applications
273(1)
10.1.2 Historical development
274(1)
10.2 Principle of operations
275(4)
10.2.1 Transfer trajectories
277(1)
10.2.2 Solar sail non-Keplerian orbits
278(1)
10.2.3 Attitude control
278(1)
10.2.4 Structural control
278(1)
10.3 Solar sail in CubeSat
279(3)
10.3.1 NanoSail-D1
279(1)
10.3.2 NanoSail-D2
279(1)
10.3.3 LightSail project
280(2)
10.3.4 Under development project
282(1)
10.4 Challenges and future
282(3)
10.4.1 Orbital dynamics
282(1)
10.4.2 Material technologies
283(1)
References
283(2)
Chapter 11 Hydroxylammonium nitrate---the next generation green propellant
285(22)
Wai Siong Chai
Kai Seng Koh
Kean How Cheah
11.1 Historical development
285(2)
11.2 Synthesis of hydroxylammonium nitrate
287(3)
11.2.1 Titration
287(1)
11.2.2 Electrodialysis
288(1)
11.2.3 Hydrolysis of oxime
288(1)
11.2.4 Synthesis analysis
289(1)
11.3 Properties and safety evaluation
290(5)
11.3.1 Physical properties, toxicity, and safety
290(2)
11.3.2 Vibration frequencies of HAN
292(1)
11.3.3 Detonation and autocatalysis
293(2)
11.4 Catalytic combustion of HAN
295(6)
11.4.1 Reaction mechanism
295(1)
11.4.2 Development in catalyst
296(5)
11.5 Challenges and future perspectives
301(6)
References
301(6)
Index 307
Dr. Kean How Cheah is an Assistant Professor at School of Aerospace, University of Nottingham Ningbo China. He received the BEng degree in aerospace from Universiti Sains Malaysia, and the PhD degree in engineering from the University of Nottingham. Prior to joining the university, he held academic positions with Heriot-Watt University Malaysia and Taylors University and post-doctoral researcher position with Satellite Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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