Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: Space-time: An Introduction to Einstein's Theory of Gravity

5.00/5 (1 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
(The Royal Hospital School, Ipswich,UK)
  • Formaat: 370 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-May-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351676229
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 54,59 €*
  • * hind on lõplik, st. muud allahindlused enam ei rakendu
  • Lisa ostukorvi
  • Lisa soovinimekirja
  • See e-raamat on mõeldud ainult isiklikuks kasutamiseks. E-raamatuid ei saa tagastada.
Space-time: An Introduction to Einstein's Theory of GravitySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 370 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-May-2019
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351676229
Teised raamatud teemal:

DRM piirangud

  • Kopeerimine (copy/paste):

    ei ole lubatud

  • Printimine:

    ei ole lubatud

  • Kasutamine:

    Digitaalõiguste kaitse (DRM)
    Kirjastus on väljastanud selle e-raamatu krüpteeritud kujul, mis tähendab, et selle lugemiseks peate installeerima spetsiaalse tarkvara. Samuti peate looma endale  Adobe ID Rohkem infot siin. E-raamatut saab lugeda 1 kasutaja ning alla laadida kuni 6'de seadmesse (kõik autoriseeritud sama Adobe ID-ga).

    Vajalik tarkvara
    Mobiilsetes seadmetes (telefon või tahvelarvuti) lugemiseks peate installeerima selle tasuta rakenduse: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    PC või Mac seadmes lugemiseks peate installima Adobe Digital Editionsi (Seeon tasuta rakendus spetsiaalselt e-raamatute lugemiseks. Seda ei tohi segamini ajada Adober Reader'iga, mis tõenäoliselt on juba teie arvutisse installeeritud )

    Seda e-raamatut ei saa lugeda Amazon Kindle's. 

This book, suitable for interested post-16 school pupils or undergraduates looking for a supplement to their course text, develops our modern view of space-time and its implications in the theories of gravity and cosmology. While aspects of this topic are inevitably abstract, the book seeks to ground thinking in observational and experimental evidence where possible. In addition, some of Einsteins philosophical thoughts are explored and contrasted with our modern views.

Written in an accessible yet rigorous style, Jonathan Allday, a highly accomplished writer, brings his trademark clarity and engagement to these fascinating subjects, which underpin so much of modern physics.

Features:











Restricted use of advanced mathematics, making the book suitable for post-16 students and undergraduates





Contains discussions of key modern developments in quantum gravity, and the latest developments in the field, including results from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)





Accompanied by appendices on the CRC Press website featuring detailed mathematical arguments for key derivations

Arvustused

"This textbook is an introduction to the theory of general relativity. It develops the physical and mathematical concepts in both a logical and historical order. The level of mathematical sophistication is gradually increased at an understandable pace. The techniques of tensor analysis are well explained and developed. The author is thus able to bring the student up to the level of current research in the fields of general relativity and cosmology. Topics treated include black holes, gravitational waves, modern cosmology, and quantum gravity. This book is suitable for a graduate course in physics on general relativity, and it is recommended to graduate students in physics. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students through faculty."A. M. Strauss, Vanderbilt University in CHOICE, December 2019

Preface xi
Notes on Mathematical Terminology Used in This Book
xi
Appendix
xii
Thanks xiii
Author xv
Introduction
What We Know
1(1)
Beyond General Relativity
2(1)
Notes
3(2)
1 Four Keystones
1.1 Starting Points
5(1)
1.2 Galileo and the Tower of Pisa
5(4)
1.2.1 Galileo and the Laws of Motion
9(1)
1.3 Newton and the Apple
9(6)
1.3.1 Universal Gravitation
13(1)
1.3.2 Inertial and Gravitational Masses
14(1)
1.4 Eddington and the 1919 Eclipse
15(6)
1.5 LIGO and the Search for Gravitational Waves
21(4)
1.6 Conclusion
25(1)
Notes
25(2)
2 The Road to Relativity
2.1 How Science Works
27(1)
2.2 The Origins of Special Relativity
28(18)
2.2.1 Einstein and Electromagnetism
28(1)
2.2.2 Magnets and Circuits
29(2)
2.2.3 Magnetic and Electric Fields
31(1)
2.2.4 Galilean Transformations
32(2)
2.2.5 Transforming Velocities
34(2)
2.2.6 Acceleration
36(1)
2.2.7 Inertial and Non-Inertial Systems
37(3)
2.2.8 Maxwell's Equations
40(1)
2.2.9 The Michelson-Morley Experiment
41(5)
2.3 Relativistic Systems of Co-ordinates
46(3)
2.4 The Lorentz Transformations
49(4)
2.4.1 History of the Lorentz Transformations
52(1)
2.5 Next Steps
53(1)
Notes
53(2)
3 The Theory of Special Relativity
3.1 Rotation for Fun and Profit
55(1)
3.2 Working with Matrices
56(4)
3.2.1 Adding Matrices
57(1)
3.2.2 Multiplying Matrices
57(1)
3.2.3 The Inverse Matrix
58(1)
3.2.4 Transposes and Symmetry
59(1)
3.2.5 The Rotation Matrix
59(1)
3.3 Invariance
60(2)
3.4 The Lorentz Matrix
62(1)
3.5 Lorentz Invariants
63(3)
3.6 The Space-time Interval
66(2)
3.6.1 Simultaneity
66(1)
3.6.2 Proper Time
67(1)
3.7 The Search for Lorentz Vectors
68(4)
3.7.1 Lorentz Velocity
70(2)
3.8 4-Vectors
72(1)
3.9 Transforming Maxwell's Equations
72(5)
3.10 Tensors
77(5)
3.10.1 Covariant and Contravariant
77(3)
3.10.2 Transforming Tensors
80(1)
3.10.3 The Electromagnetic Field Tensor
81(1)
3.10.4 and Finally...
82(1)
Notes
82(3)
4 Space-time
4.1 Events and World Lines
85(1)
4.2 Minkowski Diagrams
85(6)
4.2.1 Newtonian Space-time
86(3)
4.2.2 Lorentzian Space-time
89(2)
4.3 The Past, the Future and the Elsewhere
91(9)
4.3.1 Time-Like Intervals
92(2)
4.3.2 Absolute Past, Absolute Future
94(3)
4.3.3 Space-Like Intervals
97(1)
4.3.4 Light Cones
97(2)
4.3.5 Time Ordering
99(1)
4.4 Length Contraction
100(3)
4.5 Time Dilation
103(2)
4.5.1 Experimental Confirmation
105(1)
4.6 Note for the Beginner
105(1)
4.7 Metrics and the Geometry of Space-time
106(3)
Notes
109(2)
5 Mass, Energy and Dust
5.1 4-Velocity and Newtonian Velocity
111(3)
5.1.1 Momentum
112(1)
5.1.2 Enter Energy, Stage Left, Looking Tired
113(1)
5.2 A 4-Vector for Waves
114(2)
5.2.1 Redshift
116(1)
5.3 Relativistic Energy
116(7)
5.3.1 Energy and Mass
117(1)
5.3.2 Internal Energy
118(1)
5.3.3 Mass and Rest Mass
119(2)
5.3.4 Higgs Fields and Higgs Particles
121(1)
5.3.5 The Photon Loop-Hole
121(2)
5.4 Mass, Energy and Gravitation
123(4)
5.4.1 Poisson's Equation
125(2)
5.5 The Physics of Dust
127(8)
5.5.1 The Energy of Density of Dust
129(4)
5.5.2 The Physical Meaning of the Tensor's Terms
133(2)
5.5.3 Deriving General Relativity
135(1)
Notes
135(2)
6 Generalising Relativity
6.1 The Problem with History...
137(1)
6.2 The Quest for a General Theory of Relativity
138(2)
6.3 Einstein's Principles of General Relativity
140(9)
6.3.1 The Principle of Equivalence
140(3)
6.3.2 The General Principle of Relativity
143(2)
6.3.3 Mach's Principle
145(4)
6.3.4 Modern Perspective
149(1)
6.4 Einstein's Disc
149(2)
Notes
151(4)
7 The Theory of General Relativity
7.1 A Toolkit for the General Theory
155(1)
7.2 Generalised Co-ordinates
155(3)
7.3 Rates of Change for Generalised Co-ordinates
158(6)
7.3.1 Summation, Metrics and Christoffel Symbols
161(3)
7.4 Acceleration in Curved Space-time
164(3)
7.5 General Co-ordinate Transformations
167(6)
7.5.1 Lorentz Transformations of Axis Vectors
167(2)
7.5.2 General Transformations
169(3)
7.5.3 Transforming Christoffel Symbols
172(1)
7.6 Intrinsic Curvature
173(6)
7.6.1 Properties of the Riemann Tensor
176(1)
7.6.2 An Unfortunate Number of Indices
177(1)
7.6.3 And Finally, the Field Equations of General Relativity
178(1)
7.7 What It All Means...
179(4)
7.7.1 The Complexity of the Field Equations
181(1)
7.7.2 Solving the Field Equations
181(1)
7.7.3 The Gravitational Field in General Relativity
182(1)
Notes
183(2)
8 Weak Field Gravitation
8.1 Linearising the Field Equations
185(11)
8.1.1 Newtonian Gravity
186(1)
8.1.2 The First Newtonian Limit
187(1)
8.1.3 The Second Newtonian Limit
188(4)
8.1.4 Weak Field Schwarzschild Metric
192(3)
8.1.5 Free Fall in the Schwarzschild Weak Field
195(1)
8.2 Gravitational Time Dilation
196(4)
8.2.1 Global Positioning Systems
198(2)
8.3 Gravitational Frequency Shift
200(5)
8.3.1 Gravitational Frequency Shift from the Equivalence Principle
202(1)
8.3.2 Quantum Approach to Frequency Shift
202(1)
8.3.3 Gravitational Redshift
203(1)
8.3.4 Confirmation of Gravitational Frequency Shift
204(1)
Notes
205(2)
9 Space-time in the General Theory
9.1 Metrics and Dimensionality
207(8)
9.1.1 Embedding Space and Embedding Diagrams
208(1)
9.1.2 The Embedding Diagram for Schwarzschild Space-time
208(5)
9.1.3 The Ghost of Zeno
213(2)
9.2 Space-time Intervals in the General Theory
215(8)
9.2.1 Geodesics
216(2)
9.2.2 Geodesic Deviation
218(2)
9.2.3 The Ricci Tensor Rides Again
220(1)
9.2.4 Light Cones in the General Theory
221(1)
9.2.5 Exotic Geometries
222(1)
9.3 Proper Time Intervals
223(5)
9.3.1 Proper Time Intervals in the General Theory
226(2)
9.4 Gravitational Lenses
228(1)
9.5 The Orbit of Mercury
229(2)
Notes
231(2)
10 Black Holes
10.1 Gravitational Collapse
233(5)
10.1.1 Deaths of Stars
233(5)
10.2 Singularities
238(5)
10.2.1 Co-ordinate Singularities
238(2)
10.2.2 Geodesics in E-F Co-ordinates
240(2)
10.2.3 Unavoidable Singularities
242(1)
10.3 Falling Towards a Black Hole
243(6)
10.3.1 Time to Fall
246(1)
10.3.2 Geodesic Deviation Destruction
247(1)
10.3.3 Inside the Schwarzschild Radius
248(1)
10.4 Accretion Discs
249(4)
10.4.1 Active Galaxies
251(1)
10.4.2 Cygnus
251(2)
10.5 Rotating Black Holes
253(6)
10.5.1 The Kerr Metric
254(1)
10.5.2 Consistency of the Kerr Metric
254(1)
10.5.3 Singularities in the Kerr Metric
255(1)
10.5.4 System Dragging
256(1)
10.5.5 System Dragging of Light
257(2)
10.5.6 Left-Over Solutions
259(1)
10.6 Gargantua
259(2)
Notes
261(2)
11 Gravitational Waves
11.1 The Hulse-Taylor Pulsar System
263(3)
11.2 Linear Gravity
266(4)
11.2.1 Linear Field Equations
267(1)
11.2.2 Weak(ish) Gravitation
268(2)
11.3 Gravitational Wave Theory
270(7)
11.3.1 The Wave Equation
271(1)
11.3.2 Gravitational Wave Solutions
272(1)
11.3.3 Polarisation of Gravitational Waves
273(2)
11.3.4 Particle Motion Under the Influence of Gravitational Waves
275(2)
11.4 Energy in General Relativity
277(5)
11.4.1 The Mass of a Relativistic Source
278(1)
11.4.2 Energy Issues
279(1)
11.4.3 Energy for Isolated Systems
279(2)
11.4.4 Energy in Gravitational Waves
281(1)
11.5 The Weyl Tensor
282(1)
11.6 LIGO's Detection of Neutron Star Merger
283(1)
11.7 Next Steps in Gravitational Wave Research
284(2)
Notes
286(1)
12 Cosmology
12.1 The Big Bang
287(1)
12.2 The Foundations of Cosmology
287(4)
12.2.1 Weyl's Hypothesis
288(2)
12.2.2 A Smooth Universe
290(1)
12.3 Universal Metrics and Symmetry
291(8)
12.3.1 Proper Distances and Expansion
294(2)
12.3.2 Hubble's Law
296(1)
12.3.3 Redshift
296(3)
12.4 The Friedmann Equations
299(4)
12.4.1 Phases of Evolution
301(2)
12.4.2 Friedmann Equations with Density
303(1)
12.5 The Recipe for the Universe
303(7)
12.5.1 The Age of the Universe
306(1)
12.5.2 The Temperature of the Universe
306(1)
12.5.3 The Evolution of the Universe
307(3)
12.6 Precision Cosmology
310(5)
12.6.1 Accelerating Expansion
313(2)
Notes
315(2)
13 Quantum Considerations
13.1 Quantum Gravity
317(3)
13.1.1 The Domain of Quantum Gravity
318(2)
13.2 Quantum Field Theory
320(5)
13.2.1 Uncertainty
321(1)
13.2.2 The Vacuum
321(1)
13.2.3 Tunnelling
322(1)
13.2.4 Quantum Field Theories of Interactions
323(1)
13.2.5 QFT Meets Gravitation
324(1)
13.2.6 Gravitation Meets QFT
324(1)
13.3 Hawking Radiation
325(10)
13.3.1 Killing Vectors
326(1)
13.3.2 Killing Vectors and Conserved Quantities
327(2)
13.3.3 Positive Energy, Negative Energy and the Flow of Time
329(1)
13.3.4 The Penrose Process Again
330(1)
13.3.5 And Finally, Hawking Radiation
331(3)
13.3.6 Black Hole Evaporation
334(1)
13.4 Inflation
335(6)
13.4.1 The Horizon Problem
335(1)
13.4.2 Expanding Our Horizons
336(1)
13.4.3 The Inflation Field
336(4)
13.4.4 Refilling the Universe
340(1)
13.4.5 Quantum Cosmology
341(1)
Notes
341(2)
Bibliography 343(2)
Index 345
Jonathan Allday teaches physics at Woodhouse Grove School where he is also Director of Digital Strategy.



After taking his first degree in physics at Cambridge, he moved to Liverpool University where he gained a PhD in particle physics in 1989. While carrying out his research, he joined with a group of academics and teachers working on an optional syllabus to be incorporated into A-level Physics. This new option was designed to bring students up to date on advances in particle physics and cosmology. An examining board accepted the syllabus in 1993 and now similar components appear on most advanced courses and some aimed at GCSE level.



Shortly after this, Jonathan started work on Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang, published by CRC Press and now in its 3rd edition, which was intended as a rigorous but accessible introduction to these topics. Since then he has also written Apollo in Perspectiveand Quantum Reality, also published by CRC, as well as co-authoring various textbooks for 16+ level, most prominently Advanced Physics from the well-respected OUP series of Advanced Science books. He is also active writing articles for Physics Review which is a journal intended for 16+ physicists.



Outside of teaching physics, Jonathan has a keen interest in cricket and Formula 1, although no ability in either sport. He and his wife Carolyn live in Yorkshire and spend a reasonable amount of time wandering the country following their three children in their sporting endeavours. While his eldest son somehow found his way into Accountancy via Psychology, his middle son is reading Physics at Bristol and his youngest is completing A levels and hoping to read philosophy.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/97813516762296e.html
Märksõnad: