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E-raamat: Spanish in Colombia and New York City: Language contact meets dialectal convergence

(Louisiana State University)
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Spanish in Colombia and New York City: Language contact meets dialectal convergenceSuurem pilt
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This volume fills a void in language variation and change research. It is the first to provide an empirical, comparative study of Spanish in Colombia and New York City. Remarkable similarities in the linguistic conditioning on language variation in both communities contrast with interesting differences in the effects of social predictors. The book provides a window into the effects of language and dialect contact on change and serves as a model for studies comparing diasporic populations to their home speech communities.
About the author xi
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(26)
1.1 Preliminary remarks
1(1)
1.2 Colombian Spanish
2(10)
1.2.1 Colombian dialectology
4(5)
1.2.2 Sociolinguistic variation
9(3)
1.3 Spanish in New York City
12(6)
1.4 Methodology
18(4)
1.4.1 The speech communities
18(1)
Barranquilla
18(1)
The New York Colombian community
19(1)
1.4.2 Data: The corpora and the speakers
20(1)
1.4.3 Hypotheses and research questions
21(1)
1.5 Scope of the volume
22(5)
Chapter 2 The expression of futurity
27(34)
2.1 The expression of futurity in Spanish
27(5)
2.1.1 The morphological future (MF)
27(1)
2.1.2 The simple present (SP) or futurate present
28(1)
2.1.3 The periphrastic future (PF)
29(1)
2.1.4 The future around the world
30(2)
2.2 Methodology
32(3)
2.2.1 Research questions and hypotheses
32(1)
2.2.2 Predictors examined
33(1)
2.2.3 "The envelope of variation and the analysis
34(1)
2.3 Distribution of variants
35(1)
2.4 Internal conditioning effects
36(18)
2.4.1 Clause-level predictors
37(1)
Clause length
37(1)
Clause type
38(2)
Temporal distance
40(2)
2.4.2 Subject-level predictors
42(1)
Grammatical number of the subject
42(2)
Grammatical person and animacy of the subject
44(1)
2.4.3 Predicate-level predictors
45(1)
Verb transitivity
46(1)
Adverbial specification
47(1)
Length of MF inflection
48(6)
2.5 Discussion
54(5)
2.6 Conclusion
59(2)
Chapter 3 The expression of nominal possession
61(34)
3.1 The Spanish nominal possessive
61(3)
3.2 Methodology
64(3)
3.2.1 Research questions and hypotheses
65(1)
3.2.2 Predictors examined
65(1)
3.2.3 The envelope of possessive variation and the analysis
66(1)
3.3 Distribution of possessive variants
67(1)
3.4 Internal conditioning effects on the possessive
68(19)
3.4.1 Clause-level predictors
69(1)
Length of the clause containing the possessive (clause length)
69(1)
Distance between the referent and the possessive
70(2)
3.4.2 Subject-level predictors
72(1)
Location of the possessive
72(2)
Type of subject
74(3)
3.4.3 Genitive NP-level predictors
77(1)
Presence of adjectives in the genitive NP
77(1)
Grammatical gender and number of the possessee
78(2)
Grammatical person, number, and animacy of the possessor
80(3)
Semantic category of the possessed noun
83(4)
3.5 Discussion
87(5)
3.6 Conclusion
92(3)
Chapter 4 Variable subject personal pronoun expression
95(28)
4.1 Introduction
95(1)
4.2 Methodology
96(3)
4.2.1 Research questions and hypotheses
96(1)
4.2.2 Predictors examined
97(2)
4.2.3 The envelope of SPE variation and the analysis
99(1)
4.3 Distribution of overt and null subjects
99(2)
4.4 Linguistic conditioning on pronominal usage
101(17)
4.4.1 Clause-related predictors
102(1)
Clause type
102(2)
4.4.2 Subject-related predictors
104(1)
Priming
104(1)
Switch reference
105(1)
Grammatical person and number of the subject
106(2)
4.4.3 Verb-related predictors
108(1)
Verbal tense, mood & aspect (TMA)
108(2)
Lexical content of verb
110(1)
Verb type
111(2)
Another take at the effects of the verb on SPE
113(5)
4.5 Discussion
118(3)
4.6 Conclusion
121(2)
Chapter 5 Effects of social predictors
123(32)
5.1 Introduction
123(1)
5.2 Methodology
124(3)
5.2.1 Research questions and hypotheses
124(1)
5.2.2 Predictors explored
125(1)
Conversation conditions
125(1)
Educational attainment
125(1)
Socioeconomic status
126(1)
Speaker's age
126(1)
Gender
126(1)
Arrival age
126(1)
Length of US residency (LOR)
127(1)
Linguistic competence/repertoire
127(1)
5.2.3 The analysis
127(1)
5.3 The expression of futurity
127(6)
5.3.1 Gender
128(1)
5.3.2 Educational attainment
129(2)
5.3.3 Speaker's age
131(1)
5.3.4 Length of U.S. residency (LOR)/arrival age
132(1)
5.4 The expression of nominal possession
133(7)
5.4.1 Gender
134(1)
5.4.2 Educational attainment
135(1)
5.4.3 Speaker's age/socioeconomic status (SES)
136(3)
5.4.4 Length of U.S. residence (LOR)
139(1)
5.4.5 Age of arrival in the US
139(1)
5.5 Social conditioning on subject pronoun expression (SPE)
140(4)
5.5.1 Conversation conditions
141(1)
5.5.2 Effects of gender/age on SPE
142(2)
5.6 Discussion
144(7)
5.7 Conclusion
151(4)
Chapter 6 Conclusions
155(14)
6.1 Summary
155(3)
6.2 Discussion and implications
158(8)
6.3 Concluding remarks
166(3)
References 169(18)
Index 187
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