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E-raamat: Spatial Ecology

Edited by Chris Cosner (The University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA), Edited by Stephen Cantrell (The University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA), Edited by Shigui Ruan (The University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA)

Formaat: PDF+DRM
Sari: Chapman & Hall/CRC Mathematical Biology Series
Ilmumisaeg: 05-Aug-2009
Kirjastus: Chapman & Hall/CRC
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781420059861

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Formaat: PDF+DRM
Sari: Chapman & Hall/CRC Mathematical Biology Series
Ilmumisaeg: 05-Aug-2009
Kirjastus: Chapman & Hall/CRC
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9781420059861

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Exploring the relationship between mathematics and ecology, Spatial Ecology focuses on some important emerging challenges in the field. These challenges consist of understanding the impact of space on community structure, incorporating the scale and structure of landscapes into mathematical models, and developing connections between spatial ecology and evolutionary theory, epidemiology, and economics.

The book begins with essays on how spatial effects influence the dynamics of populations and the structure of communities. It then discusses how spatial scale and structure and dispersal behavior connect to phenomena in population dynamics, evolution, epidemiology, and economics. Subsequent chapters focus on the interplay of ecology with evolution, epidemiology, and economics. The chapters on ecology and evolutionary theory provide a guided tour through a number of scenarios and modeling approaches that represent active areas of current research and suggest some paths toward conceptual unification. The book then illustrates how problems in epidemiology and ecology can be profitably addressed by similar modeling regimes. It concludes with essays that describe how ideas from economics, ecology, and quality control theory may be combined to address issues in natural resource management.

With contributions from some of the best in the field, this volume promotes the advancement of ecology as a truly quantitative science, particularly as it touches on the role of space. The book will inspire readers to open up new areas of research in the mathematical theory of spatial ecology and its connections with evolutionary theory, epidemiology, and economics.

Preface

xiii

List of Contributors

xix

Competition dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland

(14)

Don L. DeAngelis

Joel C. Trexler

Douglas D. Donalson

Introduction

(3)

Model

(2)

Results

(1)

Discussion

(3)

Appendix

(3)

References

(3)

Spatial dynamics of multitrophic communities

(18)

Priyanga Amarasekare

Introduction

(2)

Theoretical framework

(1)

Results

(6)

Intraguild predation

(1)

Keystone predation

(5)

Discussion and conclusions

(2)

Acknowledgments

(1)

Spatial models

(4)

Intraguild predation

(2)

Keystone predation

(2)

References

(3)

Bistability Dynamics in Structured Ecological Models

(30)

Jifa Jiang

Junping Shi

Non-structured models

(6)

Diffusion induced bistability and hysteresis

(7)

Threshold manifold

(8)

Concluding Remarks

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(7)

Modeling animal movement with diffusion

(22)

Otso Ovaskainen

Elizabeth E. Crone

Introduction

(2)

Advection-diffusion in heterogeneous environments

(7)

Edge behavior and habitat selection

(1)

Responses to linear landscape features

(2)

Structural corridors (α = -1)

(1)

Structural barriers (α = 1)

(1)

Application: Wolf movement in a mountainous landscape

(6)

Applications of diffusion models

(1)

Predictions from diffusion models

(1)

Data analysis with diffusion models

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(5)

Riverine landscapes: Ecology for an alternative geometry

(16)

William F. Fagan

Evan H. Campbell Grant

Heather J. Lynch

Peter J. Unmack

Spatial ccology

(2)

Dendritic landscapes

(2)

Colonization and extinction

(1)

Metapopulation model

(5)

Extinction in fishes

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(3)

Biological modeling with quiescent phases

101

(28)

Karl P. Hadeler

Thomas Hillen

Mark A. Lewis

Introduction

101

(1)

Diffusive coupling and quiescence

102

(2)

Stationary states and stability

104

(2)

Periodic orbits

106

(1)

Rates depending on density

107

(2)

Slow dynamics

109

(1)

Delay equations

110

(2)

Spread in space

112

(4)

Reaction-diffusion equations

112

(2)

Reaction-transport equations

114

(2)

Applications

116

(8)

The river drift paradox

116

(1)

Spread of genetically engineered microbes

117

(3)

Tumor growth: The linear-quadratic model

120

(1)

Infectious diseases

121

(1)

Contact distributions versus migrating infective

122

(2)

Discussion

124

(1)

Acknowledgments

125

(1)

References

125

(4)

Spatial scale and population dynamics in advective media

129

(16)

Roger M. Nisbet

Kurt E. Anderson

Edward McCauley

Ulrike Feudel

Introduction

129

(1)

Models

130

(2)

Population persistence and the drift paradox

132

(3)

Response to abiotic forcing

135

(3)

Directions for future research

138

(2)

Acknowledgments

140

(1)

References

141

(4)

Using multivariate state-space models to study spatial structure and dynamics

145

(22)

Richard A. Hinrichsen

Elizabeth E. Holmes

Introduction

145

(2)

Multivariate state-space models

147

(2)

Population structure

149

(2)

Structure of the population growth rates (ƒB)

150

(1)

Structure of the process-error variances (ƒQ)

150

(1)

Structure of the measurement errors (ƒR)

151

(1)

Parameter estimation

151

(3)

The likelihood function

151

(1)

Estimation of Xt/t-1 and Pt/t-1 using the Kalman filter

152

(1)

Maximization of the likelihood function

153

(1)

Model selection

154

(1)

Snake River chinook

155

(7)

Kalman smoother

156

(2)

Structure in the salmon data

158

(1)

Confidence intervals

159

(1)

Results

159

(3)

Discussion

162

(2)

References

164

(3)

Incorporating the spatial configuration of the habitat into ecology and evolutionary biology

167

(22)

Ilkka Hanski

Introduction

167

(2)

Modeling migration in fragmented landscapes

169

(2)

Metapopulation dynamics

171

(4)

Metacommunity dynamics of competing species

175

(3)

Genetic and evolutionary dynamics

178

(4)

Conclusion

182

(1)

References

182

(7)

Metapopulation perspectives on the evolution of species' niches

189

(24)

Robert D. Holt

Michael Barfield

Introduction

189

(2)

Models for adaptive colonization into sink habitats

191

(9)

An island-mainland model with infrequent adaptive colonization

200

(1)

Gene flow and population extinction

201

(2)

A metapopulation model with maladaptive gene flow

203

(3)

Discussion

206

(4)

Acknowledgments

210

(1)

References

210

(3)

Evolution of dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes

213

(18)

Robert Stephen Cantrell

Chris Cosner

Yuan Lou

Introduction

213

(3)

Random dispersal: Evolution of slow dispersal

216

(2)

Random dispersal vs. conditional dispersal

218

(2)

Evolution of conditional dispersal

220

(1)

Dispersal and the ideal free distribution

221

(3)

Dispersal in temporally varying environments

224

(1)

Future directions

225

(2)

Acknowledgments

227

(1)

References

227

(4)

Evolution of dispersal scale and shape in heterogeneous environments: A correlation equation approach

231

(20)

Benjamin M. Bolker

Introduction

231

(2)

Methods

233

(4)

Competition model

233

(1)

Dispersal curves

234

(1)

Environmental heterogeneity

234

(1)

Analysis

235

(2)

Results

237

(7)

Dispersal scale in homogeneous landscapes

237

(2)

Dispersal shape in homogeneous environments

239

(1)

Dispersal scale in heterogeneous environments

240

(3)

Dispersal shape in heterogeneous environments

243

(1)

Discussion and conclusions

244

(3)

Acknowledgments

247

(1)

References

247

(4)

Spatiotemporal dynamics of measles: Synchrony and persistence in a disease metapopulation

251

(22)

Alun L. Lloyd

Lisa Sattenspiel

Introduction

251

(2)

Data sources

253

(2)

Local dynamics: Periodicity and endemic fadeout

255

(4)

Regional persistence and spatial synchrony

259

(1)

Spatial synchrony among large population centers

259

(6)

Reinvasion waves and phase relationships

265

(2)

Discussion

267

(2)

References

269

(4)

Rules of thumb for the control of vector-borne diseases in a spatial environment

273

(20)

Matthew D. Potts

Tristan Kimbrell

Introduction

274

(2)

Model specification

276

(4)

Results

280

(6)

Discussion

286

(2)

Conclusion

288

(1)

Acknowledgments

289

(1)

References

289

(4)

Modeling spatial spread of communicable diseases involving animal hosts

293

(24)

Shigui Ruan

Jianhong Wu

Introduction

293

(2)

Rabies

295

(3)

Dengue

298

(2)

West Nile virus

300

(2)

Hantavirus

302

(3)

Lyme disease

305

(3)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

308

(2)

Summary

310

(1)

Acknowledgments

311

(1)

References

311

(6)

Economically optimal management of a metapopulation

317

(16)

James N. Sanchirico

James E. Wilen

Spatial ecology

317

(3)

Optimization

320

(3)

Optimal spatial dynamics

323

(3)

Cost of ignoring spatial processes

326

(3)

Conclusion

329

(1)

Acknowledgments

330

(1)

References

330

(3)

Models of harvesting

333

(10)

Donald B. Olson

Introduction

333

(2)

Basic model formulation

335

(3)

Explicit examples

338

(2)

Conclusions

340

(1)

Acknowledgments

341

(1)

References

341

(2)

Spatial optimal control of renewable resource stocks

343

(16)

Guillermo E. Herrera

Suzanne Lenhart

Introduction

343

(1)

ODE models with spatial components

344

(2)

PDE models

346

(8)

Techniques for optimal control of PDEs

348

(2)

Illustrative PDE example

350

(4)

Conclusions

354

(1)

Acknowledgments

355

(1)

References

355

(4)

Index

359

Robert Stephen Cantrell, Chris Cosner, and Shigui Ruan are all professors in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.

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