| Contributors |
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vii | |
| Preface |
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ix | |
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Venom Composition and Strategies in Spiders: Is Everything Possible? |
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1 | (86) |
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2 | (5) |
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7 | (1) |
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3 Results: spider venom composition and modes of action |
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8 | (45) |
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3.1 Distribution of records among spider groups |
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8 | (4) |
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3.2 Compounds of low molecular mass |
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12 | (12) |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (8) |
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3.5 Cysteine-knotted mini-proteins |
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35 | (12) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (34) |
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4.1 Venom evolutionary strategies |
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53 | (6) |
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4.2 Which venom strategy is most successful? |
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59 | (3) |
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4.3 How many toxins are in spider venoms and why? |
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62 | (2) |
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4.4 Venom as digestion support? |
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64 | (1) |
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4.5 Research and systematics |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (20) |
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Spider Nutrition: An Integrative Perspective |
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87 | (50) |
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88 | (9) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (8) |
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2 Important aspects of spider physiology |
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97 | (9) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (2) |
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3 The food of spiders in nature |
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106 | (5) |
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3.1 Food limitation and variability |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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3.4 Conclusions: What do spiders eat? |
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111 | (1) |
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4 Nutrition and spider performance |
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111 | (8) |
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112 | (2) |
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4.2 General nutrient manipulations |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (2) |
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4.4 Conclusions: What do spiders need? |
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118 | (1) |
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5 Conclusions: Integration and connections |
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119 | (18) |
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5.1 Scales of spider nutrition |
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119 | (2) |
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5.2 Frameworks for studying spider nutrition |
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121 | (3) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (12) |
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Endosymbiont Infections in Spiders |
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137 | (18) |
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1 Identification of maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria in spiders |
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138 | (1) |
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2 Modes of endosymbiont inheritance in spiders and other arachnids |
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139 | (1) |
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3 Bacterial phenotypes in spiders |
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140 | (2) |
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4 Effects of endosymbiont infections on spider behaviour |
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142 | (4) |
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4.1 Pityohyphantes phrygianus |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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5 Evolutionary relationships between endosymbionts and their spider hosts |
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146 | (1) |
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6 Are spiders special? Identification of novel bacterial strains in spiders |
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147 | (1) |
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7 Endosymbiont infections and the evolution of sexually selected traits: spiders as useful model systems |
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148 | (7) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (5) |
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Grade Changes in Brain-Body Allometry: Morphological and Behavioural Correlates of Brain Size in Miniature Spiders, Insects and Other Invertebrates |
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155 | (60) |
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1 Problems of absolute and relative brain size in small animals |
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156 | (6) |
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162 | (1) |
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3 Generality of the miniaturization problem |
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162 | (2) |
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4 Possible solutions to miniaturization problems |
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164 | (3) |
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4.1 The "size limitation" option |
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164 | (1) |
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4.2 The "over-sized brain" option |
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165 | (1) |
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4.3 The "economy of design" option |
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165 | (2) |
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5 Predictions derived from possible solutions to the miniaturization problem |
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167 | (2) |
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5.1 Size limitation option |
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169 | (1) |
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5.2 Over-sized brain option |
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169 | (1) |
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5.3 Economy of design option |
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169 | (1) |
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6 Data testing the predictions |
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169 | (18) |
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170 | (4) |
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174 | (13) |
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187 | (28) |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (2) |
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7.3 The mystery of "grade changes" in brain allometry |
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192 | (3) |
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7.4 General importance and consequences of brain scaling |
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195 | (4) |
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7.5 Limitations of current data and questions for the future |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (10) |
| Index |
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215 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta