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History of Spinal Disorders |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Historical Case Introduction |
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2 | (2) |
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Spinal Anatomy and Physiology |
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4 | (2) |
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Anesthesia and Supportive Techniques |
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6 | (2) |
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Laughing Gas, Chloroform and Cocaine |
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6 | (1) |
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Antisepsis and Antibiotics |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (5) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (7) |
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A Wrong Mixture of Fluids |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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Egyptian Mummies and Sir percival Pott |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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Discovery of a New Disease |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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Spinal Injuries as a Socioeconomic Problem |
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28 | (1) |
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Traction Table and Laminectomy |
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29 | (1) |
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The Advent of Internal Spinal Fixation |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Appendix: History of Spinal disorders |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (7) |
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Biomechanics of the Spine |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (6) |
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42 | (4) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (6) |
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Spinal Stability Through Muscular Activity |
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52 | (2) |
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Muscle Activity During Flexion and Extension |
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54 | (1) |
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Muscle Activity During Lateral Flexion and Rotation |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (4) |
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55 | (1) |
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Mechanical Response of the Spinal Motion Segment |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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Kinetics (Spinal Loading) |
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58 | (3) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (1) |
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Goals of Spinal Instrumentation |
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67 | (2) |
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Basic Biomechanics of Spinal Instrumentation |
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69 | (10) |
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Loading and Load Sharing Characteristics |
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69 | (2) |
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Posterior Stabilization Principles |
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71 | (3) |
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Anterior Stabilization Principles |
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74 | (4) |
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Anterior Tension Band Technique |
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78 | (1) |
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Biomechanics of the ``Adjacent Segment'' |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (4) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Technique |
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82 | (1) |
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Interspinous Process Distraction Technique |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (5) |
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Age-Related Changes of the Spine |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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General Age-Related Changes |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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The Intervertebral Disc and Cartilage Endplate |
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95 | (14) |
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95 | (12) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Normal Anatomy and Composition |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Normal Anatomy and Composition |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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Normal Anatomy and Structure |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (7) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Epidemiology of Chronic Pain |
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125 | (1) |
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Definition and Classification |
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125 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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Contemporary Pain Classification |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (7) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Transmission and Modulation |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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Transcriptional DRG Changes |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Endogenous and Environmental Influences on Pain Perception |
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137 | (1) |
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Clinical Assessment of Pain |
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138 | (1) |
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Differentiating Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain |
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138 | (3) |
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General Concepts of Pain Treatment |
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141 | (3) |
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Pharmacological Treatment |
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141 | (2) |
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Non-pharmacological Treatment of Spinal Pain |
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143 | (1) |
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Biopsychosocial Interventions |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (7) |
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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Spinal Disorders |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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Objectives in Spinal Disorders |
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154 | (1) |
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Classification of Spinal Disorders |
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155 | (4) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Pain, Impairment and Disability |
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157 | (2) |
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Burden of Spinal Disorders |
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159 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (3) |
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161 | (1) |
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Morphological Risk Factors |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Occupational Physical Risk Factors |
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163 | (1) |
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Occupational Psychological Risk Factors |
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163 | (1) |
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Absence of Evidence for Certain Risk Factors |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Flag System for the Risk Factors |
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165 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Direction for Future Epidemiological Research |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (6) |
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Predictors of Surgical Outcome |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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179 | (3) |
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What Constitutes a ``Successful Outcome'' |
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180 | (2) |
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The Outcome of Common Spine Surgical Procedures |
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182 | (1) |
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Predictors of Outcome of spinal Surgery |
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183 | (7) |
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184 | (2) |
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Biolgical and Demograhic Variables |
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186 | (1) |
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Health Behavioral And Lifestyle Factors |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Risk Factor Assessment in Clinicla Practice |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (7) |
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History and Physical Examination |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (8) |
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204 | (6) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (11) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (9) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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Abnormal Illness Behavior |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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Differential Diagnosis of Spinal Pain Syndrmes |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (20) |
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227 | (2) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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229 | (12) |
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241 | (3) |
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Additional Imaging Methods |
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244 | (3) |
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Indications for Spinal Imaging |
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247 | (2) |
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Acute Low Back Pain Without Radicular Symptoms, Without Trauma |
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247 | (1) |
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Acute Low Back Pain With Radicular Symptoms |
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248 | (1) |
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Spinal Cord and Cauda Compression Syndromes |
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249 | (6) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Whiplash-Associated Disorders |
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252 | (1) |
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Pain Relating to the Sacroiliac Joint |
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253 | (2) |
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Disease of te Spinal Cord |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (4) |
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261 | (1) |
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Rationale for Spinal Injections |
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261 | (1) |
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Lumber and Cervical Nerve Root Blocks |
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262 | (5) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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Diagnositc and Therapeutic Efficacy |
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265 | (2) |
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Epidural and Caudal Blocks |
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267 | (4) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (4) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (5) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Efficacy |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Contraindications for Spinal Injections |
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281 | (1) |
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Algorithm for Spinal Injections |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (6) |
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Neurological Assessment in Spinal Disorders |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (2) |
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Anatomy and Somatotopic Background |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (8) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (2) |
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Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction |
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303 | (1) |
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Disorders of the Autonomic System |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (6) |
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Differential of Central and Peripheral Paresis |
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306 | (1) |
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Differential of Radicular and Peripheral Nerve Lesions |
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306 | (5) |
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Diffenrenial Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Compression Syndromes |
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311 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous Differential Diagnoses |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (5) |
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Neurophysiological Investigations |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Neurophysiological Modalities |
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321 | (9) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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Somatosenary Evoked Potentials |
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326 | (2) |
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Motor Evoked Potentials (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) |
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328 | (1) |
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Intraoperative Neuromonitoring |
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329 | (1) |
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Role of Neurophysiology in Specific Disorders |
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330 | (2) |
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330 | (1) |
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Cervical/Lumbar Radiculopathy |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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Lumber Spinal Canal Stenosis |
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331 | (1) |
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Neurophysiology in Differential Diagnosis |
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332 | (2) |
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Peripheral Nerve Lesion Versus Radiculopathy |
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332 | (1) |
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Neuropathy Versus Spinal Canal Stenosis |
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332 | (1) |
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Myopathy and Myotonic Disorders |
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333 | (1) |
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Hereditary and Neurodegenerative Disese |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Anterior Medical Approach to Cervical Spine |
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337 | (5) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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Pitfalls and Complications |
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341 | (1) |
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Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine |
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342 | (3) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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Pitfalls and Complications |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (5) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (1) |
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Pitfalls and Complications |
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349 | (1) |
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Left-Sided Thoraco-Phrenico-Lumbotomy |
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350 | (3) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (3) |
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Pitfalls and Complications |
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353 | (1) |
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Anterior-Lateral Retropertioneal Approach to L2-L5 |
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353 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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Pitfalls and Complications |
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355 | (1) |
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Anterior Lumber Retropertioneal Approach |
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355 | (3) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (2) |
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Pitfalls and Complications |
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358 | (1) |
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Posterior Approach to the Thoracolumber Spine |
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358 | (3) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | |
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Pitdfalls and Complications |
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358 | (3) |
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Landmarks for Screw Insertion |
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361 | (7) |
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361 | (7) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (4) |
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Peri-and Postoperative Managment |
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373 | (1) |
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Aim of Preanesthetic Evaluation |
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373 | (1) |
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Information and Instrucions |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (2) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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Organ-Specific Assessment |
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376 | (3) |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (2) |
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Cardiovascular Assessment |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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Periopeartive Drug Therapy |
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379 | (3) |
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What to Stop, to Continue and to Add? |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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Thromboembolic Prophylaxis |
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380 | (2) |
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Special Conditions Requiring Spinal Surgery |
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382 | (3) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (2) |
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Intraoperative Anesthesia Management |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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Goals of Anesthesia in Spinal Surgery |
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389 | (1) |
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Preperative Patient Assessment |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (7) |
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Airway Control and Endotacheal Intubation |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (2) |
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Maintenance of Anesthesia |
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396 | (1) |
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Intraoperative Monitoring Techniques |
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397 | (3) |
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Advanced Monitoring of Vital Functions |
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397 | (3) |
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Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia (Consciousness) |
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400 | (1) |
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Intraoperative Blood Preserving Techniques |
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400 | (5) |
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Conrolled Hypotensive Anesthesia |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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Blood Predeposit and Erythropietin Injection |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Blood Transfusion and Cogulation Factor Substitution |
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403 | (2) |
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Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring |
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405 | (4) |
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Anesthetic Effects on SSEPs |
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406 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Effects on MEPs |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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Postoperative Pain Management |
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409 | (2) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (5) |
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Postoperative Care and Pain Management |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (3) |
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Postoperative Ventilation or Extubation |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Function |
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420 | (1) |
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Thromboembolic Prophylaxis |
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420 | (1) |
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Postoperative Pain Management |
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420 | (3) |
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420 | |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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N-Methyl-D-aspartate Antagonists |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (5) |
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Degenerative Disorder of the Cervical Spine |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (3) |
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432 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopthy |
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433 | (1) |
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Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (4) |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (1) |
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439 | (5) |
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|
439 | (5) |
|
Neurophysiological Assessment |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (4) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Conservtive Treatment Modalities |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
448 | (16) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
|
451 | (3) |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
|
456 | (3) |
|
|
459 | (4) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
468 | (13) |
|
Disc Herniation and Rediculopathy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
483 | (3) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
Neurophysiologic Assessment |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
496 | (9) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
|
499 | (4) |
|
Conservative Versus Operative Treatment |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
Spinal Claudication Syndrome |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
520 | (4) |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Operative Risks and Complications |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (6) |
|
Degenerative Lumber Spondylosis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
Disc Degeneration and Discogenic Back Pain |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Facet Joint Osteoarthritis |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (3) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (5) |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Patient Selection for Treatment |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (16) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (3) |
|
|
558 | (10) |
|
Comparison of Treatment Modalities |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
|
573 | (12) |
|
Non-specific Low Back Pain |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
Classification of Back Pain |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Patient Assessment and Trige for Non-Operative Treatment |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Management of Acute NSLBP(< 4 weeks) |
|
|
590 | (6) |
|
Managemnet of Subacute NSLBP (4-12 weeks) |
|
|
592 | (3) |
|
Management of Chronic Non-specific LBP (>12 weeks) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
|
598 | (5) |
|
Postoperative Rehabilitation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
Theoretical Considerations |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Anatomical and Surgical Considerations |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Individual and Societal Considerations |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Indications for Postoperative Spinal Rehabilitation |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Principles of Postopertive Rehabilitation |
|
|
607 | (9) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Postopertive Rehabilitation |
|
|
608 | (8) |
|
Obstaclees for Rehabilitation |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
Morphological Obstacles and General Medical Obstacles |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
619 | (4) |
|
Spinal Deformities and Malformations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Connective Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Thrombocyte Abnormalities, Calmodulin and Melatonin |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Age-Related Clasification |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Radiological Classification |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (5) |
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
|
629 | (3) |
|
|
632 | (5) |
|
|
632 | (5) |
|
Neurophysiologic Evalution |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
637 | (4) |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
|
641 | (11) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
642 | (4) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (4) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (4) |
|
|
664 | (2) |
|
Disease Specific Spinal Deformity |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
667 | (2) |
|
|
669 | (4) |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (2) |
|
|
673 | (4) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Non-operative Treatment Options |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (11) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (6) |
|
|
686 | (3) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Natural History and Progression |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (7) |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
Corrective Surgery Procedures |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (3) |
|
Miscellaneous Surgical Techniques |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
710 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
|
717 | (3) |
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
Interventional Radiological Procedure |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Additional Diagnostic Tools |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (6) |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (3) |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (3) |
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (6) |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
743 | (2) |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
Conservative Treatment Options |
|
|
745 | (2) |
|
|
747 | (10) |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (3) |
|
|
751 | (5) |
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
759 | (6) |
|
Juvenile Kyphosis (Scheuermann's Disease) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
|
768 | (3) |
|
Definition and Classification |
|
|
771 | (2) |
|
|
773 | (2) |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
775 | (4) |
|
|
775 | (2) |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
|
777 | (2) |
|
|
779 | (3) |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
|
782 | (9) |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
786 | (2) |
|
Results of Operative Treatment |
|
|
788 | (2) |
|
|
790 | (1) |
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
793 | (4) |
|
Malformations of the Spinal Cord |
|
|
|
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
799 | (3) |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Relevant Embryogenetic Steps |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Tethered Cord Syndrome |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
Terminology and Classification |
|
|
802 | (10) |
|
Classification of Spinal Malformation |
|
|
803 | (2) |
|
|
805 | (6) |
|
Classificaiton of Tethered Spinal Cord |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
Postnatal Diagnostic Tests |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
815 | (3) |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
816 | (2) |
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
|
819 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
828 | (6) |
|
|
828 | (2) |
|
Biomechanics of Cervical Spine Trauma |
|
|
830 | (2) |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
Pathomechanism of Whiplash-Associated Disorders |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
834 | (8) |
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
Classification of Whiplash-Associated Disorders |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
836 | (6) |
|
|
842 | (3) |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Synopsis of Assessment Recommendations |
|
|
842 | (2) |
|
General Treatment Principles |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Whiplash-Associated Disorders |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Non-operative Treatment Modalities |
|
|
845 | (6) |
|
|
848 | (2) |
|
Specific Treatment of Upper Cervical Spine Injuries |
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
Fractures of the Occipital Condyle |
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
Atlanto-occipital Dislocation |
|
|
851 | (12) |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
Atlantoaxial Instabilities |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
854 | (4) |
|
|
858 | (2) |
|
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis |
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
Combined Atlas/Axis Fractures |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
Classification and Treatment of Subaxial Injuries |
|
|
863 | (8) |
|
|
864 | (2) |
|
|
866 | (4) |
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
871 | (2) |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
874 | (9) |
|
Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
885 | (2) |
|
|
885 | (1) |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
887 | (5) |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
888 | (4) |
|
|
892 | (3) |
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
Concomitant Non-spinal Injuries |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
895 | (3) |
|
|
895 | (3) |
|
|
898 | (5) |
|
Steroid Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
Non-operative Treatment Modalities |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (3) |
|
|
903 | (15) |
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
|
906 | (5) |
|
|
911 | (3) |
|
Outcome of Operative Versus Non-operative Treatment |
|
|
914 | (4) |
|
|
918 | (1) |
|
|
919 | (1) |
|
|
920 | (5) |
|
Osteoporotic Spine Fractures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Definition |
|
|
926 | (3) |
|
Classification of Vertebral Body Compression Fractures |
|
|
929 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (3) |
|
|
930 | (3) |
|
|
933 | (1) |
|
|
933 | (3) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
|
934 | (1) |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Investigations |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
Conservative Fracture Management |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
937 | (6) |
|
|
937 | (5) |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
|
944 | (7) |
|
|
|
Primary Tumors of the Spine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
953 | (4) |
|
|
953 | (1) |
|
|
954 | (2) |
|
Histology and Biology of Spinal Tumors |
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
|
958 | (6) |
|
|
958 | (2) |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
961 | (3) |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Investigations |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
964 | (3) |
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
|
968 | (5) |
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
|
969 | (2) |
|
|
971 | (2) |
|
|
973 | (1) |
|
|
974 | (1) |
|
|
974 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
|
978 | (1) |
|
|
978 | (2) |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
981 | (3) |
|
|
981 | (2) |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
986 | (8) |
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
General Surgical Techniques |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
Specific Surgical Techniques |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
|
989 | (3) |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Patient Management |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
Etiology and Pathogenesis |
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
Classification of Intradural Tumors |
|
|
999 | (6) |
|
Intradural-Extramedullary Tumors |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
1001 | (1) |
|
Intradural-Intramedullary Tumors |
|
|
1002 | (2) |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
|
1005 | (1) |
|
|
1005 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (3) |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
|
1009 | (7) |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
1010 | (2) |
|
Intrinsic Spinal Cord Tumor Resection |
|
|
1012 | (1) |
|
|
1013 | (3) |
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1016 | (1) |
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1017 | (1) |
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1018 | (3) |
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1021 | (1) |
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1021 | (1) |
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1022 | (1) |
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1023 | (1) |
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1023 | (1) |
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1024 | (1) |
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|
1024 | (1) |
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1025 | (1) |
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|
1025 | (4) |
|
Labaratory Investigations |
|
|
1025 | (1) |
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|
1026 | (2) |
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|
1028 | (1) |
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|
1029 | (2) |
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1030 | (1) |
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1031 | (5) |
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1031 | (1) |
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1031 | (4) |
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1035 | (1) |
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1036 | (1) |
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1037 | (1) |
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1037 | (4) |
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|
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1041 | (1) |
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1041 | (1) |
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1041 | (1) |
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1042 | (2) |
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1044 | (1) |
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1045 | (1) |
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|
1045 | (1) |
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|
1045 | (1) |
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|
1045 | (3) |
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|
1045 | (2) |
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|
1047 | (1) |
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|
1048 | (1) |
|
Neurophysiological Investigations |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
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|
1048 | (1) |
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|
1048 | (6) |
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|
1048 | (1) |
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|
1049 | (1) |
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|
1050 | (3) |
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|
1053 | (1) |
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|
1054 | (1) |
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|
1054 | (1) |
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|
1055 | (2) |
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|
|
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|
1057 | (1) |
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|
1057 | (1) |
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|
1058 | (2) |
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|
1060 | (1) |
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|
1061 | (2) |
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|
1061 | (1) |
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|
1062 | (1) |
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|
1063 | (4) |
|
Laboratory Investigations |
|
|
1063 | (1) |
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|
1063 | (3) |
|
|
1066 | (1) |
|
|
1067 | (3) |
|
|
1067 | (1) |
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|
1068 | (1) |
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
Treatment Recommendations |
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
|
1070 | (10) |
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
1071 | (1) |
|
|
1072 | (4) |
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|
1076 | (2) |
|
|
1078 | (2) |
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
|
1081 | (1) |
|
|
1082 | (5) |
|
Treatment of Postoperative Complications |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
Frequency of Complications |
|
|
1087 | (3) |
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
|
1088 | (1) |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
Disc Herniation and Spinal Stenosis |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
Comparison of Complications |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
|
1090 | (5) |
|
Screening of Risk Factors |
|
|
1091 | (2) |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
Profound Knowledge of Anatomy |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
1095 | (1) |
|
Approach-Related Complications |
|
|
1095 | (9) |
|
Anteromedial Cervical Approach |
|
|
1096 | (1) |
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
Anterior Approach to the Cervicothoracic Junction |
|
|
1098 | (1) |
|
|
1098 | (2) |
|
|
1100 | (1) |
|
Anterior Lumbar and Lumbosacral Approach |
|
|
1100 | (3) |
|
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine |
|
|
1103 | (1) |
|
Posterior Approaches to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine |
|
|
1104 | (1) |
|
Procedure Related Complications |
|
|
1104 | (5) |
|
Decompressive Cervical and Lumbar Surgery |
|
|
1104 | (2) |
|
|
1106 | (2) |
|
Reduction of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Complications |
|
|
1109 | (6) |
|
Homeostasis Related Complications |
|
|
1109 | (1) |
|
Neurological Complications |
|
|
1110 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Wound Problems |
|
|
1110 | (2) |
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula |
|
|
1112 | (1) |
|
|
1112 | (1) |
|
|
1113 | (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal Problems |
|
|
1113 | (1) |
|
|
1114 | (1) |
|
|
1114 | (1) |
|
|
1115 | (1) |
|
|
1116 | (1) |
|
|
1117 | (6) |
|
Outcome Assessment in Spinal Surgery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1123 | (1) |
|
General Concepts of Outcome Assessment |
|
|
1123 | (2) |
|
|
1125 | (3) |
|
|
1125 | (1) |
|
|
1126 | (2) |
|
|
1128 | (2) |
|
|
1128 | (1) |
|
|
1128 | (2) |
|
|
1130 | (3) |
|
|
1130 | (1) |
|
|
1130 | (3) |
|
Psychosocial Aspects, Work Situation and Fear Avoidance Beliefs |
|
|
1133 | (1) |
|
|
1133 | (1) |
|
|
1133 | (1) |
|
Clinical Feasibility and Practicability |
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
|
1135 | (1) |
|
|
1136 | (7) |
Subject Index |
|
1143 | (20) |
The Editors |
|
1163 | (1) |
The Medical Illustrator |
|
1164 | (1) |
The Artist |
|
1165 | |