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E-raamat: Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Sep-2008
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783540690917
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Sep-2008
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783540690917
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Spinal disorders are among the most common medical conditions with significant impact on health related quality of life, use of health care resources and socio-economic costs. Basic knowledge on the state of the art in diagnosis and treatment of spinal disorders is required not only for spine specialists but also for general orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, chiropractors, physiotherapists, basic scientists and health care executives to choose and/or evaluate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It is an easily readable teaching tool focusing on fundamentals and basic principles and provides a homogeneous syllabus with a consistent didactic strategy teaching fundamentals and general principles. The chosen didactic concept highlights and repeats core messages throughout the chapters. This textbook with its appealing layout will inspire and stimulate the reader for the study of spinal disorders.

Spinal disorders are among the most common medical conditions with significant impact on health related quality of life, use of health care resources and socio-economic costs. Spinal surgery is still one of the fastest growing areas in clinical medicine. The increasing age of the population will require an increased need for the treatment of degenerative spinal disorders particularly spinal stenosis. Basic knowledge on the state of the art in diagnosis and treatment of spinal disorders is required not only for spine specialists but also for general orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, chiropractors, physiotherapists, basic scientists and health care executives to choose and/or evaluate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. "Spinal Disorders" is an easily readable teaching tool focusing on fundamentals and basic principles. It provides a homogeneous syllabus with a consistent didactic strategy teaching fundamentals and general principles. The chosen didactic concept highlights and repeats core messages throughout the chapters. This modern, up-to-date and easy to read textbook on spinal disorders with its appealing layout will inspire and stimulate the reader for the study of spinal disorders.

Arvustused

From the reviews:





"In a book of 1166 pages cover the entire discipline of spinal disorders. it is of benefit to have at hand nearly all of the clinical/surgical issues one encounters, complemented by many line drawings, appropriate imaging, and extensive tables. The value of the book to neuroradiologists is not in the imaging peruse but how important correlative imaging is brought together with clinical features. this text brings together the essentials of spinal disease; therefore, it would be of value to all neuroradiologists." (American Journal of Neuroradiology, Vol. 30, March, 2009)

History of Spinal Disorders
Philipp Gruber
Thomas Boeni
Core Messages
1(1)
A Brief Etymology
1(1)
Historical Case Introduction
2(2)
Spinal Anatomy and Physiology
4(2)
Anesthesia and Supportive Techniques
6(2)
Laughing Gas, Chloroform and Cocaine
6(1)
Antisepsis and Antibiotics
6(2)
Diagnostic Imaging
8(1)
Scoliosis
8(5)
Pathogenesis
9(1)
Assessment
9(2)
Non-operative Treatment
11(2)
Scoliosis Surgery
13(1)
Juvenile Kyphosis
13(1)
Spondylolisthesis
14(1)
An Obstetrical Problem
14(1)
Surgery
14(1)
Back Pain and Sciatica
15(7)
A Wrong Mixture of Fluids
15(2)
Disc Herniation
17(4)
The Facet Syndrome
21(1)
Spinal Stenosis
21(1)
Spinal Infections
22(2)
Egyptian Mummies and Sir percival Pott
22(2)
Treatment
24(1)
Ankylosing Spondylitis
24(3)
Discovery of a New Disease
25(2)
Spinal Injuries
27(3)
First Reports
27(1)
Spinal Injuries as a Socioeconomic Problem
28(1)
Traction Table and Laminectomy
29(1)
The Advent of Internal Spinal Fixation
29(1)
Recapitulation
30(1)
Appendix: History of Spinal disorders
31(2)
Key Articles
33(1)
References
34(7)
Basic Science
Biomechanics of the Spine
Stephen Ferguson
Core Messages
41(1)
The Human Spine
41(1)
The Motion Segment
42(6)
Anterior Structures
42(4)
Posterior Elements
46(1)
Ligaments of the Spine
47(1)
Motion Segment Stiffness
48(1)
Muscles
48(6)
Spinal Stability Through Muscular Activity
52(2)
Muscle Activity During Flexion and Extension
54(1)
Muscle Activity During Lateral Flexion and Rotation
54(1)
Spine Kinematics
54(4)
Range of Motion
55(1)
Mechanical Response of the Spinal Motion Segment
55(2)
Clinical Instability
57(1)
Kinetics (Spinal Loading)
58(3)
Static Loading
58(1)
Loads During Lifting
59(1)
Dynamic Loading
60(1)
Recapitulation
61(1)
Key Articles
62(1)
References
63(4)
Spinal Instrumentation
Daniel Haschtmann
Stephen J. Ferguson
Core Messages
67(1)
Goals of Spinal Instrumentation
67(2)
Basic Biomechanics of Spinal Instrumentation
69(10)
Loading and Load Sharing Characteristics
69(2)
Posterior Stabilization Principles
71(3)
Anterior Stabilization Principles
74(4)
Anterior Tension Band Technique
78(1)
Biomechanics of the ``Adjacent Segment''
79(1)
Non-Fusion Principles
80(4)
Disc Arthroplasty
80(2)
Nucleoplasty
82(1)
Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Technique
82(1)
Interspinous Process Distraction Technique
83(1)
Recapitulation
84(1)
Key Articles
85(1)
References
86(5)
Age-Related Changes of the Spine
Atul Sukthankar
Andreas G. Nerlich
Gunther Paesold
Core Messages
91(1)
Epidemiology
91(1)
Case Introduction
92(1)
General Age-Related Changes
92(1)
Functional Spine Unit
93(2)
The Intervertebral Disc and Cartilage Endplate
95(14)
Intervertebral Disc
95(12)
The Cartilage Endplate
107(2)
The Facet Joints
109(1)
Normal Anatomy
109(1)
Age-Related Changes
109(1)
Vertebral Bodies
110(1)
Normal Anatomy and Composition
110(1)
Age-Related Changes
110(1)
Spinal Ligaments
111(1)
Normal Anatomy and Composition
111(1)
Age-Related Changes
111(1)
Spinal Muscles
112(2)
Normal Anatomy and Structure
112(1)
Age-Related Changes
112(2)
Recapitulation
114(1)
Key Articles
115(1)
References
116(7)
Pathways of Spinal Pain
Heike E. Kunzel
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
123(1)
Historical Background
123(2)
Precartesian Theories
123(1)
Cartesian Theory
124(1)
Gate Control Theory
124(1)
Modern Pain Theories
124(1)
Epidemiology of Chronic Pain
125(1)
Definition and Classification
125(3)
Temporal Course
126(1)
Contemporary Pain Classification
126(2)
Pathways of Pain
128(7)
Transduction
129(1)
Conduction
130(1)
Transmission and Modulation
130(3)
Pain Projection
133(1)
Pain Perception
134(1)
Neuroplasticity
135(2)
Peripheral Sensitization
135(1)
Transcriptional DRG Changes
136(1)
Central Sensitization
136(1)
Disinhibition
137(1)
Endogenous and Environmental Influences on Pain Perception
137(1)
Clinical Assessment of Pain
138(1)
Differentiating Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain
138(3)
General Concepts of Pain Treatment
141(3)
Pharmacological Treatment
141(2)
Non-pharmacological Treatment of Spinal Pain
143(1)
Biopsychosocial Interventions
143(1)
Surgical Treatment
144(1)
Recapitulation
144(1)
Key Articles
145(1)
References
146(7)
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Spinal Disorders
Achim Elfering
Anne F. Mannion
Core Messages
153(1)
General Scope
153(2)
Objectives in Spinal Disorders
154(1)
Classification of Spinal Disorders
155(4)
Etiology
155(1)
Time Course
155(1)
Low Back Pain
156(1)
Neck Pain
157(1)
Pain, Impairment and Disability
157(2)
Burden of Spinal Disorders
159(2)
Economic Costs
159(2)
Risk Factors
161(3)
Individual Risk Factors
161(1)
Morphological Risk Factors
162(1)
Psychosocial Factors
162(1)
Occupational Physical Risk Factors
163(1)
Occupational Psychological Risk Factors
163(1)
Absence of Evidence for Certain Risk Factors
164(1)
Geographical Variation
164(1)
Flag System for the Risk Factors
165(2)
Red Flags
165(1)
Yellow Flags
166(1)
Blue Flags
166(1)
Black Flags
166(1)
Direction for Future Epidemiological Research
167(1)
Recapitulation
167(1)
Key Articles
168(1)
References
169(6)
Predictors of Surgical Outcome
Anne F. Mannion
Achim Elfering
Core Messages
175(1)
Epidemiology
175(4)
Outcome Measures
179(3)
What Constitutes a ``Successful Outcome''
180(2)
The Outcome of Common Spine Surgical Procedures
182(1)
Predictors of Outcome of spinal Surgery
183(7)
Meidcal Factors
184(2)
Biolgical and Demograhic Variables
186(1)
Health Behavioral And Lifestyle Factors
187(1)
Psychological Factors
187(2)
Sociolgical Factors
189(1)
Work-Related Factors
189(1)
Risk Factor Assessment in Clinicla Practice
190(2)
Recapitulation
192(1)
Key Articles
193(1)
References
194(7)
Patient Assessment
History and Physical Examination
Clement M.L. Werner
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
201(1)
Epidemiology
201(1)
Case Introduction
202(1)
History
203(8)
Pain
204(6)
Function
210(1)
Spinal Deformity
210(1)
Physical Examination
211(11)
Walking
211(1)
Standing
211(1)
Sitting
211(9)
Lying Supine
220(1)
Lying on Left/Right Side
220(1)
Lying Prone
221(1)
Abnormal Illness Behavior
221(1)
Reporducibility
221(1)
Differential Diagnosis of Spinal Pain Syndrmes
222(1)
Recapitulation
222(1)
Key Articles
223(1)
References
224(3)
Imaging Studies
Marius R. Schmid
Jurg Hodler
Core Messages
227(1)
Imaging Methods
227(20)
Standard Radiographs
227(2)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
229(12)
Computed Tomography
241(3)
Additional Imaging Methods
244(3)
Indications for Spinal Imaging
247(2)
Acute Low Back Pain Without Radicular Symptoms, Without Trauma
247(1)
Acute Low Back Pain With Radicular Symptoms
248(1)
Spinal Cord and Cauda Compression Syndromes
249(6)
Acute Trauma
249(2)
Chronic Low back Pain
251(1)
Postoperative Imaging
251(1)
Whiplash-Associated Disorders
252(1)
Pain Relating to the Sacroiliac Joint
253(2)
Disease of te Spinal Cord
255(1)
Recapitulation
255(1)
Key Articles
256(1)
References
257(4)
Spinal Injections
Massimo Leonardi
Christian W. Peirrmann
Core Messages
261(1)
Rationale for Spinal Injections
261(1)
Lumber and Cervical Nerve Root Blocks
262(5)
Indications
262(1)
Technique
263(2)
Complications
265(1)
Diagnositc and Therapeutic Efficacy
265(2)
Epidural and Caudal Blocks
267(4)
Indications
267(1)
Technique
268(1)
complications
268(1)
Therapeutic Efficacy
268(3)
Provocative Discography
271(4)
Indicaitions
271(1)
Technique
272(1)
Complications
273(2)
Diagnostic Efficacy
275(1)
Facet Joint Blocks
275(5)
Indications
276(1)
Technique
276(1)
Complications
277(1)
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Efficacy
278(2)
Sacroiliac Joint Blocks
280(1)
Indications
280(1)
Technique
280(1)
Complications
280(1)
Diagnostic Efficacy
281(1)
Contraindications for Spinal Injections
281(1)
Algorithm for Spinal Injections
282(1)
Recapitulation
283(1)
Key Articles
284(1)
References
285(6)
Neurological Assessment in Spinal Disorders
Uta Kliesch
Armin Curt
Core Message
291(1)
Epidemiology
291(1)
Case Introduction
292(2)
Anatomy and Somatotopic Background
294(1)
Clasification
295(3)
Neurological Assessment
298(8)
Pain
298(1)
Sensory Deficits
298(1)
Motor Deficits
299(1)
Reflex Deficits
299(2)
Gait Disorders
301(2)
Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction
303(1)
Disorders of the Autonomic System
303(1)
Spinal Cord Injury
304(1)
Spinal Cord Syndrome
304(2)
Differential Diagnosis
306(6)
Differential of Central and Peripheral Paresis
306(1)
Differential of Radicular and Peripheral Nerve Lesions
306(5)
Diffenrenial Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Compression Syndromes
311(1)
Miscellaneous Differential Diagnoses
311(1)
Recapitulation
312(1)
Key Articles
313(1)
References
314(5)
Neurophysiological Investigations
Armin Curt
Uta Kliesch
Core Messages
319(1)
Historical Background
319(1)
Neuroanatomy
320(1)
Neurophysiological Modalities
321(9)
Electromyography
321(1)
Nerve Conduction Studies
322(2)
F-Wave Recordings
324(1)
H-Relfex
325(1)
Somatosenary Evoked Potentials
326(2)
Motor Evoked Potentials (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
328(1)
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
329(1)
Role of Neurophysiology in Specific Disorders
330(2)
Spinal Cord Injury
330(1)
Cervical/Lumbar Radiculopathy
330(1)
Cervical Myelopathy
331(1)
Lumber Spinal Canal Stenosis
331(1)
Neurophysiology in Differential Diagnosis
332(2)
Peripheral Nerve Lesion Versus Radiculopathy
332(1)
Neuropathy Versus Spinal Canal Stenosis
332(1)
Myopathy and Myotonic Disorders
333(1)
Hereditary and Neurodegenerative Disese
333(1)
Recapitulation
334(1)
Key Articles
334(1)
References
335(2)
Surgical Approaches
Norbert Boos
Claudio Affolter
Martin Merke
Frank J. Ruehli
Core Messages
337(1)
Surgery and Planning
337(1)
Anterior Medical Approach to Cervical Spine
337(5)
Indications
338(1)
patient Positioning
339(1)
Surgical Exposure
339(2)
Pitfalls and Complications
341(1)
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine
342(3)
Indications
342(1)
Patient Postitioning
342(1)
Surgical Exposure
343(2)
Pitfalls and Complications
345(1)
Right-Sided Thoracotomy
345(5)
Indications
346(1)
Patient Postioning
346(3)
Surigical Exposure
349(1)
Pitfalls and Complications
349(1)
Left-Sided Thoraco-Phrenico-Lumbotomy
350(3)
Indications
350(1)
Patient Positioning
350(1)
Surgical Exposure
350(3)
Pitfalls and Complications
353(1)
Anterior-Lateral Retropertioneal Approach to L2-L5
353(2)
Indications
353(1)
Patient Postioning
353(1)
Surgical Exposure
353(2)
Pitfalls and Complications
355(1)
Anterior Lumber Retropertioneal Approach
355(3)
Indications
355(1)
Patient Positioning
355(1)
Surgical Exposure
356(2)
Pitfalls and Complications
358(1)
Posterior Approach to the Thoracolumber Spine
358(3)
Indications
358(1)
Patient Postioning
358(1)
Surgical Exposure
359
Pitdfalls and Complications
358(3)
Landmarks for Screw Insertion
361(7)
Cervico-occiptial Spine
361(7)
Recapitulation
368(1)
Key Articles
369(1)
References
369(4)
Peri-and Postoperative Managment
Preoperative Assessment
Stephan Blumenthal
Youri Reiland
Alain Borgeat
Core Messages
373(1)
Aim of Preanesthetic Evaluation
373(1)
Information and Instrucions
374(1)
Patient Assessement
374(2)
History
374(1)
Physical Examinations
375(1)
Laboratory Studies
375(1)
Organ-Specific Assessment
376(3)
Airway Assessment
376(1)
Respriatory System
376(2)
Cardiovascular Assessment
378(1)
Neurological Assessment
379(1)
Periopeartive Drug Therapy
379(3)
What to Stop, to Continue and to Add?
379(1)
Permedication
380(1)
Thromboembolic Prophylaxis
380(2)
Special Conditions Requiring Spinal Surgery
382(3)
Spinal Deformity
382(1)
Neuromuscular Disease
383(1)
Cerebral Palsy
383(1)
Malignacy
384(1)
Spinal Cord Injury
384(1)
Recapitulation
385(1)
Key Articles
386(1)
References
387(2)
Intraoperative Anesthesia Management
Juan Francisco Asenjo
Core Messages
389(1)
Historical Background
389(1)
Goals of Anesthesia in Spinal Surgery
389(1)
Preperative Patient Assessment
390(1)
Induction of Anesthesia
390(7)
Airway Control and Endotacheal Intubation
391(2)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
393(1)
Patient Positioning
394(2)
Maintenance of Anesthesia
396(1)
Intraoperative Monitoring Techniques
397(3)
Advanced Monitoring of Vital Functions
397(3)
Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia (Consciousness)
400(1)
Intraoperative Blood Preserving Techniques
400(5)
Conrolled Hypotensive Anesthesia
401(1)
Intrathecal Opiates
402(1)
Blood Predeposit and Erythropietin Injection
402(1)
Cell Salvage
402(1)
Pharmacological Mesures
403(1)
Blood Transfusion and Cogulation Factor Substitution
403(2)
Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring
405(4)
Anesthetic Effects on SSEPs
406(1)
Anesthetic Effects on MEPs
407(1)
Nerve Root Monitoring
408(1)
Wake-up Test
408(1)
End of Anesthesia
409(1)
Postoperative Pain Management
409(2)
Recapitulation
411(1)
Key Articles
411(1)
References
412(5)
Postoperative Care and Pain Management
Stephan Blumenthal
Alain Borgeat
Core Messages
417(1)
Postoperative Care
417(3)
Postoperative Ventilation or Extubation
418(1)
Hemodynamic Assessment
419(1)
Neurological Assessment
419(1)
Gastrointestinal Function
420(1)
Thromboembolic Prophylaxis
420(1)
Postoperative Pain Management
420(3)
Consequences of Pain
420
Non-narcotics
421(1)
Non-Steroidal Drugs
421(1)
Opioids
421(1)
Local Anesthetics
422(1)
N-Methyl-D-aspartate Antagonists
422(1)
Recapitulations
423(1)
Key Articles
423(1)
References
424(5)
Degenerative Disorders
Degenerative Disorder of the Cervical Spine
Massimo Leonardi
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
429(1)
Case Introduction
430(1)
Epidemiology
430(2)
Pathogenesis
432(3)
Neck Pain
432(1)
Cervical Disc Herniation
432(1)
Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopthy
433(1)
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
433(2)
Clinical Presentation
435(4)
History
436(1)
Physical Findings
437(2)
Functional Assessment
439(1)
Diagnostic Work-Up
439(5)
Imaging Studies
439(5)
Neurophysiological Assessment
444(1)
Differential Diagnosis
444(1)
Non-operative Treatment
444(4)
Natural History
445(1)
Conservtive Treatment Modalities
446(2)
Operative Treatment
448(16)
General Principles
448(1)
Surgical Techniques
449(2)
Case Study 1
451(3)
Case Study 2
454(2)
Case Study 3
456(3)
Surgical Decision-Making
459(4)
Complications
463(1)
Recapitulation
464(2)
Key Articles
466(2)
References
468(13)
Disc Herniation and Rediculopathy
Masimo Leonardi
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
481(1)
Epidemiology
481(2)
Case Introduction
483(1)
Pathogenesis
483(3)
Risk Factors
483(1)
Radiculopathy
484(2)
Clincial Presentation
486(2)
History
486(1)
Physical Findings
487(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
488(3)
Imaging Studies
488(2)
Neurophysiologic Assessment
490(1)
Urologic Assessment
490(1)
Differential Diagnosis
491(1)
Classification
491(2)
Non-operative Treatment
493(3)
Natural History
494(1)
Conservative Measures
494(2)
Operative Treatment
496(9)
General Principles
496(1)
Case Study 1
497(1)
Surgical Techniques
497(2)
Case Study 2
499(4)
Conservative Versus Operative Treatment
503(1)
Complications
504(1)
Recapitulation
505(1)
Key Articles
506(1)
Referneces
507(6)
Lumber Spinal Stenosis
Patrick O. Zingg
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
513(1)
Epidemiology
513(2)
Case Introdcution
515(1)
Pathogensis
515(2)
Anatomy
515(1)
Pathogenesis
515(2)
Spinal Claudication Syndrome
517(1)
Classification
517(2)
Clinical Presentation
519(1)
History
519(1)
Physical Findings
520(1)
Diagnostic Wrok-Up
520(4)
Imaging Studies
520(3)
Neurophysiologic Studies
523(1)
Differential Diagnosis
524(1)
Non-operative Treatment
524(2)
Natural History
525(1)
Non-opertive Options
525(1)
Opeative Treatment
526(5)
General Principles
526(1)
Surgical Techniques
526(1)
Case Study 1
527(2)
Case Study 2
529(1)
Operative Risks and Complications
530(1)
Recapitulation
531(1)
Key Articles
532(1)
References
533(6)
Degenerative Lumber Spondylosis
Martin Merkle
Beat Walchli
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
539(1)
Epidemiology
539(1)
Case Introduction
540(1)
Pathogenesis
541(4)
Disc Degeneration and Discogenic Back Pain
542(1)
Facet Joint Osteoarthritis
543(1)
Segmental Instability
544(1)
Clinical Presentation
545(3)
History
546(1)
Case Study 1
547(1)
Physical Findings
548(1)
Diagnostic Work-Up
548(5)
Imaging Studies
549(1)
Case Study 2
550(1)
Injection Sudies
551(1)
Temporary Stabilization
552(1)
Patient Selection for Treatment
552(1)
Non-operative Treatment
553(1)
Operative Treatment
554(16)
General Principles
554(1)
Biology of Spinal Fusion
555(3)
Surgical Techniques
558(10)
Comparison of Treatment Modalities
568(1)
Complcations
569(1)
Recapitulation
570(1)
Key Articles
571(2)
References
573(12)
Non-specific Low Back Pain
Florian Brunner
Sherri Weiser
Annina Schmid
Margareta Nordin
Core Messages
585(1)
Epidemiology
585(1)
Case Introduction
586(1)
Classification of Back Pain
587(1)
Pathogenesis of NSLBP
587(1)
Patient Assessment and Trige for Non-Operative Treatment
588(2)
Mangement of NSLBP
590(1)
Management of Acute NSLBP(< 4 weeks)
590(6)
Managemnet of Subacute NSLBP (4-12 weeks)
592(3)
Management of Chronic Non-specific LBP (>12 weeks)
595(1)
Recapitulation
596(1)
Key Articles
596(2)
References
598(5)
Postoperative Rehabilitation
Florian Brunner
Shira Scheecter-Weiner
Annina Schmid
Rudolf Kissling
Core Messages
603(1)
Epidemiology
603(1)
Conceptional Background
604(2)
Theoretical Considerations
604(1)
Anatomical and Surgical Considerations
605(1)
Individual and Societal Considerations
606(1)
Indications for Postoperative Spinal Rehabilitation
606(1)
General Goals
607(1)
Specific Goals
607(1)
Principles of Postopertive Rehabilitation
607(9)
Preoperative Assessment
607(1)
Postopertive Rehabilitation
608(8)
Obstaclees for Rehabilitation
616(1)
Morphological Obstacles and General Medical Obstacles
616(1)
Psychosocial Obstacles
617(1)
Work-Related Obstacles
617(1)
Recapitulation
617(1)
Key Articles
618(1)
References
619(4)
Spinal Deformities and Malformations
Idiopathic Scoliosis
Mathias Haefeli
Kan Min
Core Messages
623(1)
Epidemiology
623(1)
Cse Introduction
624(1)
Pathogenesis
625(1)
Genetic Factors
625(1)
Connective Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities
625(1)
Thrombocyte Abnormalities, Calmodulin and Melatonin
626(1)
Classificaition
626(1)
Age-Related Clasification
626(1)
Radiological Classification
627(1)
Clincial Presentation
627(5)
History
627(2)
Physical Examination
629(3)
Diagnostic Work-up
632(5)
Imaging Studies
632(5)
Neurophysiologic Evalution
637(1)
Treatment
637(4)
General Considertions
637(1)
Natural History
637(2)
Non-Operative Options
639(2)
Operative Treatment
641(11)
Indications for Surgery
641(1)
General Principles
642(4)
Case Study 1
646(1)
Surgicla Decision Making
647(4)
Case Study 2
651(1)
Complications
651(1)
Recapitulation
652(1)
Key Articles
653(1)
References
654(9)
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Jean A. Ouellet
Vincent Arlet
Core Messages
663(1)
Epidemiology
663(4)
Case Introduction
664(2)
Disease Specific Spinal Deformity
666(1)
Pathogenesis
667(1)
Classification
667(2)
Clinical Presentation
669(4)
History
669(1)
Physical Examination
670(1)
Case Study 1
671(2)
Diagnotic Work-Up
673(4)
Medical Assessment
673(1)
Case Study 2
674(1)
Imging Studies
675(2)
Non-operative Treatment
677(1)
Natural History
677(1)
Non-operative Treatment Options
677(1)
Operative Treatment
678(11)
Surgical Indications
678(1)
General Principles
679(1)
Surgical Techniques
680(1)
Case Study 3
680(6)
Case Study 4
686(3)
Recapitulation
689(1)
Key Articles
690(1)
References
691(2)
Congential Scoliosis
Francis H. Shen
Vincent Arlet
Core Messages
693(1)
Epidemiology
693(1)
Case Introduction
694(1)
Pathogenesis
694(1)
Classification
695(1)
Clinical Presentation
696(1)
History
696(1)
Physical Findings
697(1)
Diagonstic Work-up
698(2)
Imaging Studies
698(2)
Specific Investigations
700(1)
Non-oprative Treatment
700(1)
Natural History and Progression
700(1)
Operative Treatment
701(7)
General Principles
701(1)
Surgical Techniques
702(1)
Corrective Surgery Procedures
702(1)
Case Study 1
703(1)
Case Study 2
704(3)
Miscellaneous Surgical Techniques
707(1)
Recaptulation
708(1)
Key Articles
709(1)
References
710(3)
Degenerative Scoliosis
Max Aebi
Core Messages
713(1)
Epidemiology
713(1)
Case Introduction
714(1)
Pathogenesis
715(1)
Classification
716(1)
Clinical Pressentation
717(3)
History
717(2)
Physical Findings
719(1)
Diagnnostic Workup
720(2)
Imaging Studies
720(1)
Interventional Radiological Procedure
721(1)
Additional Diagnostic Tools
722(1)
Non-opertive Treatment
722(1)
Operative Treatment
723(6)
Decompression Procedure
724(1)
Correction Procedures
724(1)
Surgical Techniquews
725(3)
Case Study 1
728(1)
Case Study 2
729(1)
Recapitulation
729(1)
Key Articles
730(1)
References
731(2)
Spondylolisthesis
Clayton N. Kraft
Rudiger Krauspe
Core Messages
733(1)
Epidemiology
733(1)
Case Introduction
734(1)
Pathogensis
735(1)
Clasification
735(1)
Clincial Presentation
736(3)
History
736(2)
Physical Findings
738(1)
Differential Diagnosis
739(1)
Imaging
739(6)
Case Study 1
742(1)
Invasive Imaging Studies
743(2)
Non-operative Treatment
745(2)
Natural History
745(1)
Conservative Treatment Options
745(2)
Operative Treatment
747(10)
General Principles
747(1)
Surgical Techniques
748(3)
Case Study 2
751(5)
Complications
756(1)
Recapitulation
757(1)
Key Articles
758(1)
References
759(6)
Juvenile Kyphosis (Scheuermann's Disease)
Dietrich Schlenzka
Vincent Arlet
Core Messages
765(1)
Epidemiology
765(1)
Case Introduction
766(1)
Pathogenesis
767(1)
Normal Sagittal Profile
768(3)
Definition and Classification
771(2)
Clinical Presentation
773(2)
History
773(1)
Physical Findings
774(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
775(4)
Imaging Studies
775(2)
Neurophysiological Tests
777(1)
Lung Function Test
777(1)
Differntial Diagnosis
777(2)
Non-operative Treatment
779(3)
Natural History
779(1)
Bracing and Casting
780(1)
Case Study 1
780(2)
Operative Treatment
782(9)
Preoperative Assessment
782(1)
General Principles
783(1)
Operative Technique
784(2)
Case Study 2
786(2)
Results of Operative Treatment
788(2)
Complications
790(1)
Recapitulation
791(1)
Key Articles
792(1)
References
793(4)
Malformations of the Spinal Cord
Dilek Konu-Leblebicioglu
Yasuhiro Yonekawa
Core Messages
797(1)
Epidemiology
797(1)
Case Introduction
798(1)
Pathogenesis
799(3)
Embryological Aspects
799(1)
Relevant Embryogenetic Steps
800(1)
Risk Factors
801(1)
Pathophysiology of Tethered Cord Syndrome
802(1)
Terminology and Classification
802(10)
Classification of Spinal Malformation
803(2)
Case Study 1
805(6)
Classificaiton of Tethered Spinal Cord
811(1)
Clinical Presentation
812(2)
History
812(1)
Physical Findings
813(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
814(1)
Prenatal Diagnosis
814(1)
Postnatal Diagnostic Tests
815(1)
Treatment
815(3)
In Utero Treatment
816(1)
Postnatal Surgery
816(2)
Recapitulation
818(1)
Key Articles
819(1)
References
819(6)
Fractures
Cervical Spine Injuries
Michael Heinzelmann
Karim Eid, Norbert Boos
Core Messages
825(1)
Case Introduction
826(1)
Epidemiology
827(1)
Pathomechanisms
828(6)
Normal Anatomy
828(2)
Biomechanics of Cervical Spine Trauma
830(2)
Spinal Cord Injury
832(1)
Pathomechanism of Whiplash-Associated Disorders
833(1)
Clinical Presentation
834(1)
History
834(8)
Physical Findings
835(1)
Classification of Whiplash-Associated Disorders
836(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
836(1)
Imaging Studies
836(6)
Neurophysiology
842(3)
Vascular Assessment
842(1)
Synopsis of Assessment Recommendations
842(2)
General Treatment Principles
844(1)
Whiplash-Associated Disorders
844(1)
Non-operative Treatment Modalities
845(6)
Spinal Cord Injuries
848(2)
Specific Treatment of Upper Cervical Spine Injuries
850(1)
Fractures of the Occipital Condyle
850(1)
Atlanto-occipital Dislocation
851(12)
Fractures of the Atlas
852(1)
Atlantoaxial Instabilities
853(1)
Dens Fractures
854(4)
Case Study 1
858(2)
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis
860(2)
Case Study 2
862(1)
Combined Atlas/Axis Fractures
863(1)
Classification and Treatment of Subaxial Injuries
863(8)
Classification
864(2)
Treatment
866(4)
Case Study 3
870(1)
Complications
871(1)
Recapitulations
871(2)
Key Articles
873(1)
References
874(9)
Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries
Michael Heinzelmann
Guido A. Wanner
Core Messages
883(1)
Epidemiology
883(1)
Case Introduction
884(1)
Pathomechanisms
885(2)
Axial Compression
885(1)
Flexion/Distraction
886(1)
Hyperextension
886(1)
Rotational Injuries
886(1)
Shear
887(1)
Classification
887(5)
Denis Classification
888(1)
AO Classification
888(4)
Clinical Presentation
892(3)
Spinal Injuries
892(1)
Neurological Deficit
892(1)
Concomitant Non-spinal Injuries
893(1)
History
893(1)
Physical Findings
894(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
895(3)
Imaging Studies
895(3)
Non-operative Treatment
898(5)
Steroid Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
899(1)
Non-operative Treatment Modalities
899(1)
Case Study 1
900(3)
Operative Treatment
903(15)
General Principles
903(2)
Surgical Techniques
905(1)
Case Study 2
906(5)
Case Study 3
911(3)
Outcome of Operative Versus Non-operative Treatment
914(4)
Recapitulation
918(1)
Key Articles
919(1)
Referneces
920(5)
Osteoporotic Spine Fractures
Paul F. Heini
Albrecht Popp
Core Messages
925(1)
Epidemiology
925(1)
Case Introduction
926(1)
Pathogenesis and Definition
926(3)
Classification of Vertebral Body Compression Fractures
929(1)
Clinical Presentation
930(3)
History
930(3)
Physical Findings
933(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
933(3)
Imaging Studies
934(1)
Radionuclide Studies
934(1)
Densitometry
934(1)
Bone Biopsy
935(1)
Laboratory Investigations
935(1)
Non-operative Treatment
936(1)
Conservative Fracture Management
936(1)
Medical Treatment
936(1)
Operative Treatment
937(1)
General Principles
937(6)
Surgical Principles
937(5)
Recaptiulation
942(1)
Key Articles
943(1)
References
944(7)
Tumors and Inflammation
Primary Tumors of the Spine
Bruno Fuchs
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
951(1)
Epidemiology
951(1)
Case Introduction
952(1)
Tumor Biology
953(4)
Molecular Tumor Biology
953(1)
Pathways of Metastasis
954(2)
Histology and Biology of Spinal Tumors
956(1)
Clinical Persentation
957(1)
History
957(1)
Physical Findings
957(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
958(6)
Imaging Studies
958(2)
Case Study 1
960(1)
Case Study 2
961(3)
Biopsy
964(1)
Laboratory Investigations
964(1)
Tumor Staging
964(3)
Benign Tumors
965(1)
Malignant Tumors
966(1)
Non-operative Treatment
967(1)
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
967(1)
Adjuvant Therapy
967(1)
Operative Treatment
968(5)
General Principles
968(1)
Surgical Techniques
969(2)
Case Study 3
971(2)
Recapitulation
973(1)
Key Articles
974(1)
Referneces
974(3)
Spinal Metastasis
Dante G. Marchesi
Core Messages
977(1)
Epidemiology
977(1)
Case Introduction
978(1)
Pathogenesis
978(2)
Clinical Presentation
980(1)
History
980(1)
Physical Findings
980(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
981(3)
Imaging Studies
981(2)
Biopsy
983(1)
Laboratory Investigation
983(1)
Classification
984(1)
Non-operative Treatment
985(1)
Steroids
985(1)
Radiotherapy
985(1)
Operative Treatment
986(8)
General Principles
986(1)
General Surgical Techniques
987(1)
Specific Surgical Techniques
988(1)
Case Study 1
989(3)
Case Study 2
992(1)
Case Study 3
993(1)
Postoperative Patient Management
993(1)
Recapitulation
994(1)
Key Articles
995(1)
References
995(2)
Intradural Tumors
Yashuhiro Yonekawa
Richard Marugg
Core Messages
997(1)
Epidemiology
997(1)
Case Introduction
998(1)
Etiology and Pathogenesis
998(1)
Classification of Intradural Tumors
999(6)
Intradural-Extramedullary Tumors
999(1)
Differential Diagnosis
1000(1)
Case Study 1
1001(1)
Intradural-Intramedullary Tumors
1002(2)
Case Study 2
1004(1)
Clinical Presentation
1005(1)
History
1005(1)
Physical Findings
1006(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
1006(3)
Imaging Studies
1007(1)
Lumbar Puncture
1008(1)
Treatment
1009(7)
Non-surgical Treatment
1009(1)
Surgical Techniques
1010(2)
Intrinsic Spinal Cord Tumor Resection
1012(1)
Case Study-3
1013(3)
Recapitulation
1016(1)
Key Articles
1017(1)
References
1018(3)
Infections of the Spine
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
1021(1)
Epidemiology
1021(1)
Case Introduction
1022(1)
Pathogenesis
1023(1)
Classification
1023(1)
Clinical Presentation
1024(1)
History
1024(1)
Physical Findings
1025(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
1025(4)
Labaratory Investigations
1025(1)
Imaging Studies
1026(2)
Biopsy
1028(1)
Nonoperative Treatment
1029(2)
Case Study 1
1030(1)
Operative Treatment
1031(5)
General Principles
1031(1)
Surgical Techniques
1031(4)
Case Study 2
1035(1)
Recapitulation
1036(1)
Key Articles
1037(1)
References
1037(4)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Dieter Grob
Core Messages
1041(1)
Epidemiology
1041(1)
Pathogenesis
1041(1)
Case Introduction
1042(2)
Classification
1044(1)
Clinical Presentation
1045(1)
History
1045(1)
Physical Findings
1045(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
1045(3)
Imaging Studies
1045(2)
Case Study 1
1047(1)
Injection Studies
1048(1)
Neurophysiological Investigations
1048(1)
Non-operative Treatment
1048(1)
Operative Treatment
1048(6)
General Principles
1048(1)
Indications
1049(1)
Surgical Techniques
1050(3)
Case Study 2
1053(1)
Recapitulation
1054(1)
Key Articles
1054(1)
References
1055(2)
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Thomas Liebscher
Kan Min
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
1057(1)
Epidemiology
1057(1)
Case Introduction
1058(2)
Pathogenesis
1060(1)
Clinical Presentation
1061(2)
History
1061(1)
Physical Findings
1062(1)
Diagnostic Work-up
1063(4)
Laboratory Investigations
1063(1)
Imaging Studies
1063(3)
Diagnostic Criteria
1066(1)
Non-operative Treatment
1067(3)
Natural History
1067(1)
Non-operative Management
1068(1)
Physiotherapy
1069(1)
Treatment Recommendations
1069(1)
Operative Treatment
1070(10)
General Principles
1070(1)
Planning of Osteotomies
1071(1)
Surgical Techniques
1072(4)
Case Study 1
1076(2)
Case Study 2
1078(2)
Complications
1080(1)
Recapitulation
1080(1)
Key Articles
1081(1)
References
1082(5)
Treatment of Postoperative Complications
Martin Krismer
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
1087(1)
Frequency of Complications
1087(3)
Cervical Spine Surgery
1087(1)
Case Introduction
1088(1)
Anterior Spinal Surgery
1089(1)
Disc Herniation and Spinal Stenosis
1089(1)
Lumbar Spinal Fusion
1090(1)
Comparison of Complications
1090(1)
Preventive Measures
1090(5)
Screening of Risk Factors
1091(2)
Preoperative Planning
1093(1)
Profound Knowledge of Anatomy
1094(1)
Patient Positioning
1094(1)
Neuromonitoring
1095(1)
Approach-Related Complications
1095(9)
Anteromedial Cervical Approach
1096(1)
Case Study 1
1097(1)
Anterior Approach to the Cervicothoracic Junction
1098(1)
Thoracotomy
1098(2)
Thoracolumbar Approach
1100(1)
Anterior Lumbar and Lumbosacral Approach
1100(3)
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine
1103(1)
Posterior Approaches to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
1104(1)
Procedure Related Complications
1104(5)
Decompressive Cervical and Lumbar Surgery
1104(2)
Deformity Correction
1106(2)
Reduction of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis
1108(1)
Corpectomy/Osteotomy
1108(1)
Postoperative Complications
1109(6)
Homeostasis Related Complications
1109(1)
Neurological Complications
1110(1)
Postoperative Wound Problems
1110(2)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula
1112(1)
Vascular Complications
1112(1)
Pulmonary Problems
1113(1)
Gastrointestinal Problems
1113(1)
Urogenital Complications
1114(1)
Retrograde Ejaculation
1114(1)
Recapitulation
1115(1)
Key Articles
1116(1)
References
1117(6)
Outcome Assessment in Spinal Surgery
Mathias Haefeli
Norbert Boos
Core Messages
1123(1)
General Concepts of Outcome Assessment
1123(2)
Pain
1125(3)
General Aspects
1125(1)
Instruments
1126(2)
Disability
1128(2)
General Aspects
1128(1)
Instruments
1128(2)
Quality of Life
1130(3)
General Aspects
1130(1)
Instruments
1130(3)
Psychosocial Aspects, Work Situation and Fear Avoidance Beliefs
1133(1)
General Aspects
1133(1)
Instruments
1133(1)
Clinical Feasibility and Practicability
1134(1)
Recapitulation
1135(1)
References
1136(7)
Subject Index 1143(20)
The Editors 1163(1)
The Medical Illustrator 1164(1)
The Artist 1165