| Introduction |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Conventions Used in This Book |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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How This Book Is Organized |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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Delving into Stem Cell Science |
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4 | (1) |
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Discovering How Stem Cells Can Affect the Future |
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5 | (1) |
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Putting Stem Cells to Use Today |
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5 | (1) |
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Understanding the Debate: Ethics, Laws, and Money |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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Part I: Brushing Up on Biology |
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9 | (42) |
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Painting the Broad Strokes of Stem Cell Science |
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11 | (10) |
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Working with Animals and Other Organisms |
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12 | (4) |
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Understanding the mouse's role in stem cell research |
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13 | (1) |
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Using mice in today's labs |
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13 | (3) |
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Exploring What Scientists Know (And Don't Know) About Stem Cells |
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16 | (5) |
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Understanding stem cells' key properties |
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16 | (2) |
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Confirming that cells really are stem cells |
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18 | (1) |
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Figuring out how to use stem cells |
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19 | (1) |
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Looking at some unanswered questions |
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19 | (2) |
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Understanding Cells and Tissues |
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21 | (16) |
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Exploring Cell Structure and Function |
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21 | (8) |
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23 | (2) |
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Decoding cell messages: DNA and RNA |
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25 | (1) |
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Covering entrances and exits: How things get in and out of cells |
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25 | (4) |
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Understanding how cells communicate |
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29 | (1) |
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Building Tissues and Organs |
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29 | (4) |
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Comparing Stem Cells to Other Kinds of Cells |
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33 | (4) |
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Tracing the History of Stem Cell Research |
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37 | (14) |
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Regenerating Body Parts: Legends, Tales, and Truths |
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38 | (3) |
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Taking a look at ancient regeneration myths |
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38 | (1) |
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Looking at animals that can regenerate |
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39 | (1) |
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You do it, too: Regenerating human skin and blood |
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40 | (1) |
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Discovering the Genetic Controls in Cells |
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41 | (5) |
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Comparing ideas about heredity |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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Mapping the genetic library |
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44 | (1) |
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Discovering growth factors |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Recapping Developments Since the 1950s |
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46 | (5) |
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Transplanting organs and tissues |
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46 | (3) |
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Developing in vitro fertilization |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Part II: Delving into Stem Cell Science |
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51 | (70) |
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Starting with Embryonic Stem Cells |
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53 | (18) |
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Exploring the Stages of Embryonic Development |
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54 | (3) |
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Looking at the Role of In Vitro Fertilization in Creating Blastocysts |
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57 | (1) |
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Growing Embryonic Stem Cells from Extra Blastocysts |
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57 | (2) |
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Exploring Embryonic Stem Cell Properties |
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59 | (3) |
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Growing and growing and growing |
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59 | (2) |
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Generating any kind of cell |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (3) |
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Directing cell specialization |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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Touring the Lab: What Scientists Are Doing with Embryonic Stem Cells |
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65 | (3) |
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Looking at examples of current research |
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66 | (1) |
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Creating a basis for future research |
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67 | (1) |
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Understanding the Possibilities and Limitations of Embryonic Stem Cells |
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68 | (3) |
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What embryonic stem cells can do |
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68 | (1) |
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What embryonic stem cells can't do |
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69 | (1) |
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What embryonic stem cells may be able to do |
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69 | (2) |
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Understanding Adult Stem Cells |
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71 | (16) |
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Demonstrating the Existence of Tissue Stem Cells |
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72 | (1) |
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Defining Adult Stem Cells (And the Problem with Definitions) |
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72 | (2) |
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Exploring the Abilities of Adult Stem Cells |
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74 | (3) |
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Understanding how they work |
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75 | (1) |
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Figuring out their uses and limitations |
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76 | (1) |
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Finding Stem Cells in Tissues |
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77 | (7) |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous adult stem cells |
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82 | (2) |
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Exploring Cord Blood Stem Cells |
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84 | (1) |
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Working with Adult Stem Cells |
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85 | (2) |
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Exploring Other Stem Cell Sources |
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87 | (14) |
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87 | (1) |
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Understanding Nuclear Transfer Techniques |
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88 | (5) |
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Getting inside somatic cell nuclear transfer |
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89 | (2) |
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Bringing embryo development to a halt with altered nuclear transfer |
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91 | (2) |
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Exploring Other Techniques for Generating Pluripotent Cells |
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93 | (3) |
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Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis |
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93 | (1) |
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Males need not apply: Parthenogenesis |
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94 | (2) |
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Investigating Other Pluripotent Cell Types |
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96 | (5) |
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Collecting stem cells from tumors |
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96 | (1) |
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Exploring reproductive sources of pluripotent cells |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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Understanding Why Scientists Mix and Match Cells |
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101 | (20) |
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102 | (3) |
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Creating stronger versions of species |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (3) |
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Finding the chimera within |
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106 | (1) |
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Using chimeras to improve medicine |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (6) |
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Using cloning methods to develop therapies |
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109 | (2) |
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Using cloning for research |
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111 | (1) |
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Understanding the difficulties of cloning primates |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (3) |
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Using cybrids to understand development and disease |
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117 | (1) |
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Understanding the Uproar over Cell-Swapping Technology |
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117 | (4) |
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Part III: Discovering How Stem Cells Can Affect the Future |
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121 | (60) |
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Looking into Cancer's Cradle: Cancer Stem Cells |
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123 | (14) |
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Battling the Age-Old War on Cancer |
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123 | (1) |
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Understanding What Cancer Is |
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124 | (5) |
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Changing cells' genetic instructions |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Breaking out of tissue jail |
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128 | (1) |
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Exploring the Idea of Cancer Stem Cells |
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129 | (5) |
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Figuring out differences in cancer cells |
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132 | (1) |
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Discovering similarities in normal and cancerous stem cells |
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133 | (1) |
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Connecting Cancer, Stem Cells, and Possible Therapies |
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134 | (3) |
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Using Stem Cells to Understand and Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases |
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137 | (22) |
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Understanding Neurodegenerative Diseases |
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137 | (1) |
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Attacking Alzheimer's Disease |
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138 | (7) |
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Figuring out what happens in Alzheimer's |
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139 | (1) |
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Testing cause-and-effect theories in clinical trials |
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140 | (1) |
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Exploring genetic causes of Alzheimer's |
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141 | (1) |
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Bringing stem cells into Alzheimer's research |
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142 | (3) |
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Treating Lou Gehrig's Disease (ALS) |
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145 | (4) |
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Understanding why ALS is so difficult to treat |
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146 | (1) |
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Using stem cells to find new drugs and save motor neurons |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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Finding Treatments for Cerebral Palsy |
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150 | (1) |
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Getting a Grip on Huntington's Disease |
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151 | (1) |
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Tackling Niemann-Pick Disease |
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152 | (1) |
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Treating Parkinson's Disease |
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153 | (3) |
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Understanding what happens in the Parkinson's brain |
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154 | (1) |
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Using stem cells to replace critical brain cells and seek drug treatments |
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155 | (1) |
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Creating New Treatments for Spinal Cord Injuries |
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156 | (1) |
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Limiting the Effects of Stroke |
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157 | (2) |
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Improving Therapies for Diseases of the Heart, Liver, and Pancreas |
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159 | (12) |
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Different Diseases, Common Problems |
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159 | (1) |
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Getting to the Core of Heart Disease |
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160 | (4) |
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Using stem cells to look for new treatments |
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161 | (1) |
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Looking at a current clinical trial involving stem cells |
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162 | (1) |
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Considering challenges to using stem cell treatments for heart disease |
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163 | (1) |
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Looking into Potential Treatments for Liver Disease |
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164 | (2) |
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Treating Diseases of the Pancreas |
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166 | (5) |
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Investigating stem cell therapies for Type 1 diabetes |
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167 | (1) |
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Exploring stem cell treatment ideas for Type 2 diabetes |
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168 | (3) |
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Improving Drug Development |
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171 | (10) |
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Weighing the Pros and Cons of Current Drug Treatments |
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172 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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Bringing along unwanted guests |
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173 | (1) |
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Looking at Why Drugs Are So Expensive |
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174 | (5) |
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Finding promising drug-like chemicals |
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175 | (1) |
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Proving a drug's safety and effectiveness |
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176 | (2) |
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Getting the regulatory green light |
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178 | (1) |
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Getting Stem Cells into the Act |
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179 | (2) |
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Part IV: Putting Stem Cells to Use Today |
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181 | (50) |
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Where We Are Now: Stem Cell Treatments, Trials, and Possibilities |
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183 | (18) |
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Looking at Treatments That Work Well Now |
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184 | (3) |
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Using bone marrow transplants in leukemia |
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185 | (1) |
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Grafting skin to treat burns |
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186 | (1) |
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Assessing Treatments Currently Being Tested |
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187 | (6) |
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Going after other cancers |
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187 | (2) |
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Keeping heart disease at bay |
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189 | (1) |
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Treating multiple sclerosis |
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190 | (1) |
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Easing the effects of Type 1 diabetes |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Investigating Promising Leads |
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193 | (3) |
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Improving function in patients with spinal cord injury |
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193 | (2) |
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Finding a treatment for Batten Disease |
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195 | (1) |
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Exploring the Human Potential in Animal Treatments |
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196 | (1) |
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Understanding the Challenges of Clinical Trials and Experimental Treatments |
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197 | (4) |
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Understanding safety issues |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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Understanding the Role of Stem Cells in Transplants |
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201 | (20) |
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Exploring Circumstances When Stem Cell Transplant Is Appropriate |
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202 | (1) |
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Understanding the Challenges in Stem Cell Transplants |
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203 | (8) |
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Choosing a source of stem cells |
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203 | (3) |
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Finding and matching donors |
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206 | (4) |
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Overcoming the body's immune response |
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210 | (1) |
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Preventing disease relapse |
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211 | (1) |
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Going Through the Stages: What Happens in a Stem Cell Transplant |
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211 | (4) |
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Evaluating the potential transplant patient |
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212 | (1) |
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Preparing your body for the procedure |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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Waiting for old and new to work together |
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214 | (1) |
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Seeing How It Works: Becoming a Donor |
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215 | (3) |
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Donating blood-forming stem cells |
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216 | (1) |
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Donating solid organs and tissues |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Understanding the Current State of Transplant Medicine |
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218 | (3) |
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Putting Stem Cells in the Bank |
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221 | (10) |
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Examining Medical Uses of Cord Blood |
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221 | (1) |
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Understanding How Cord Blood Banking Works |
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222 | (5) |
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Weighing the pros and cons of private and public banks |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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Knowing what can go wrong |
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226 | (1) |
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Conducting Due Diligence: What You Need to Know in Choosing to Bank |
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227 | (3) |
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Exploring standards of practice |
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228 | (2) |
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Finding the right bank for you |
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230 | (1) |
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Exploring the Future of Stem Cell Banking |
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230 | (1) |
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Part V: Understanding the Debate: Ethics, Laws, and Money |
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231 | (54) |
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Exploring Ethical, Religious, Philosophical, and Moral Questions |
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233 | (16) |
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Deciding When Personhood Begins |
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234 | (5) |
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Considering definitions of personhood |
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234 | (4) |
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``Living and human'' versus ``living human'' |
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238 | (1) |
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``Cooperating with Evil''---Another Ethical Dilemma |
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239 | (2) |
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Looking at the Ethical Views of Creating Embryos, Clones, and Chimeras |
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241 | (2) |
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Exploring the Questions on Fetal Tissue Research |
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243 | (2) |
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Understanding the Ethical Concerns of Genetic Testing and Manipulation |
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245 | (2) |
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Tracing the history of eugenics |
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245 | (2) |
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Looking at genetic testing |
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247 | (1) |
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Dissecting the Goals of Stem Cell Research |
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247 | (2) |
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Getting a Handle on Current Stem Cell Laws and Policies |
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249 | (20) |
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Exploring the Relationship between Science and Government |
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250 | (12) |
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Looking at the relationship between funding and regulation in the United States |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (4) |
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Encouraging basic research and innovation |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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Restricting questionable practices |
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259 | (3) |
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Undestanding General Political Pressures |
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262 | (2) |
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Exploring Stem Cell Policies in Individual States |
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264 | (2) |
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Looking at What Other Countries Are Doing with Stem Cell Research |
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266 | (1) |
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Exploring the Roles of Science and Medical Societies |
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267 | (2) |
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Following the Money: Understanding Stem Cell Funding and Profits |
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269 | (16) |
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Taking a Look at Funding in the United States |
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269 | (2) |
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Looking at Government Funding |
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271 | (4) |
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Considering arguments for and against government funding |
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273 | (1) |
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Exploring how federal money can advance stem cell research |
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274 | (1) |
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Understanding Academic Funding |
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275 | (1) |
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Getting Private Foundations Involved |
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276 | (1) |
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Understanding the Role of Private Industry |
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277 | (2) |
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Establishing Ownership Through Patents and Licenses |
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279 | (6) |
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Understanding how patents work |
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279 | (1) |
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Exploring patens in stem cell research |
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280 | (1) |
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Looking at objections to the WARF patents |
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281 | (1) |
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Cutting through patent thickets |
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282 | (1) |
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Seeing how patents affect funding |
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283 | (2) |
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Part VI: The Part of Tens |
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285 | (44) |
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Ten (or So) Stem Cell Myths |
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287 | (8) |
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Stem Cells Come Only from Aborted Fetuses |
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287 | (1) |
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Embryos Are Created Just to Be Destroyed |
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288 | (1) |
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Stem Cells from Adults Can Do Everything Embryonic Stem Cells Can |
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289 | (1) |
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Reserachers Don't Need to Create Any More Embryonic Stem Cell Lines |
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289 | (1) |
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Advances in Drug Therapies Eliminate the Need for Stem Cell Research |
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290 | (1) |
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Stem Cell Research Will Lead to Human Cloning |
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291 | (1) |
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If The Research Were Really So Powerful, Private Companies Would Fund It |
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291 | (1) |
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Stem Cells From Adults Are Already Curing Many Diseases |
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292 | (1) |
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Nothing Has Yet Come Out of Embryonic Stem Cell Research |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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President Bush Banned Embryonic Stem Cell Research |
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294 | (1) |
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Ten Hurdles to Stem Cell Use |
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295 | (8) |
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Knowing Whether Stem Cells Can Actually Fix What Ails You |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Getting the Right Cells for the Job |
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297 | (1) |
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Eliminating Unwanted Cells |
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297 | (1) |
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Matching Cells and Patients |
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298 | (1) |
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Delivering Cells to Their Destination |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Setting Up Clinical Trials |
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301 | (1) |
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Figuring Out Healthcare Delivery |
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302 | (1) |
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Ten Possibilities for the Future of Stem Cells |
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303 | (8) |
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Fighting and Winning the War on Cancer |
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303 | (1) |
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Developing Drugs that Tell Your Stem Cells What to Do |
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304 | (1) |
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Growing Replacement Tissues in the Lab |
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305 | (1) |
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Healing Spinal Cord Injuries |
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306 | (1) |
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Improving Treatments for Huntington's, Lou Gehrig's, and Parkinson's Disease |
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306 | (1) |
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|
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307 | (1) |
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Beating Multiple Sclerosis |
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308 | (1) |
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Reversing Retinal Degeneration |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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Assisting Diabetes Patients |
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309 | (2) |
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Ten (or So) things to Do Before you Consider Stem Cell Treatment |
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311 | (12) |
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Look for Independent Oversight and Regulation of the Clinic |
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312 | (1) |
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Understand Your Disease and Why the Treatment Might Work |
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312 | (1) |
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Find Out How the Treatment Was Developed |
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313 | (1) |
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Know What You're Getting with Experimental Treatments |
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314 | (1) |
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Ask About Risks and Side Effects |
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315 | (2) |
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Look for valid Confirmation |
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317 | (1) |
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Beware of Patient Testimonials |
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317 | (1) |
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Watch Out for Hidden Costs |
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318 | (1) |
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Get a Second (and Third) Reputable, Expert Opinion |
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319 | (1) |
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Make Sure That Your Consent Really is Informed |
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319 | (1) |
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Know How to spot Scams and Charlatans |
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320 | (3) |
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Ten (or So) Great Resources to Stay Up to Date |
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323 | (6) |
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National Academies/National Academy of Sciences |
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323 | (1) |
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National Institutes of Health |
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324 | (1) |
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International Society for Stem Cell Research |
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325 | (1) |
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Harvard Stem Cell Institute |
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325 | (1) |
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University of California-San Diego Stem Cell Initiative |
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325 | (1) |
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NIH Clinical Trials Registry |
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326 | (1) |
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National Bone Marrow Program/C.W. Bill Young Cell Transplantation Program |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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American Society of Reproductive Medicine |
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327 | (1) |
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National Bioethics Panels |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
| Glossary |
|
329 | (10) |
| Index |
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339 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta