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E-raamat: Stepping in the Same River Twice: Replication in Biological Research

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  • Formaat: 288 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: Yale University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780300228038
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  • Formaat: 288 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: Yale University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780300228038

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An international team of biologists, philosophers, and historians of science explores the critically important process of replication in biological and biomedical research


An international team of biologists, philosophers, and historians of science explores the critically important process of replication in biological and biomedical research

Without replication, the trustworthiness of scientific research remains in doubt. Although replication is increasingly recognized as a central problem in many scientific disciplines, repeating the same scientific observations of experiments or reproducing the same set of analyses from existing data is remarkably difficult. In this important volume, an international team of biologists, philosophers, and historians of science addresses challenges and solutions for valid replication of research in medicine, ecology, natural history, agriculture, physiology, and computer science.
 
After the introduction to important concepts and historical background, the book offers paired chapters that provide theoretical overviews followed by detailed case studies. These studies range widely in topics, from infectious-diseases and environmental monitoring to museum collections, meta-analysis, bioinformatics, and more. The closing chapters explicate and quantify problems in the case studies, and the volume concludes with important recommendations for best practices.

Arvustused

This book mulls and kneads the concept of replicabilitymoving us toward that point where such a concept is a smooth round pebble, comfortably fitting into our pocket. It is a model for treating the philosophically rich concepts used (and abused) in science."Michael Paul Nelson, Ruth H. Spaniol Chair of Renewable Resources and Professor of Environmental Philosophy and Ethics, Oregon State University

The central themes of this volume are replication, repeatability, and reproducibility, which individually and in concert form a cornerstone in all fields of science and all aspects of scientific enquiry. This volume has no antecedent.James L. Patton, University of California, Berkeley

"The book is a work of surprising breadth, incorporating philosophy and literature and a wide variety of scientific approaches. It provides insights about replication that would not emerge from any single discipline.John H. Porter, University of Virginia

Foreword xi
W. John Kress
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
PART ONE INTRODUCTION: REPLICATION ACROSS DSCIPLINES
1 Toward a Taxonomy of Scientific Replication
3(20)
Ayelet Shavit
Aaron M. Ellison
2 Borges on Replication and Concept Formation
23(14)
Yemima Ben-Menahem
3 The Historical Emergence of Replication: Reifying Geography through Repeated Surveys
37(18)
Haim Goren
PART TWO REPLICATION IN BIOLOGY: OVERVIEWS AND CASE STUDIES
The Value of Natural History Collections
4 Natural History Collections as Dynamic Research Archives
55(9)
Tamar Dayan
Bella Galil
5 Looking to the Past to Plan for the Future: Using Natural History Collections as Historical Baselines
64(19)
Rebecca J. Rowe
Repeatable Monitoring and Observations
6 Monitoring: Repeated Sampling for Understanding Nature
83(11)
Avi Perevolotsky
Naama Berg
Orit Ginzburg
Ron Drori
7 Monitoring the State of Nature in Israel
94(18)
Ron Drori
Naama Berg
Avi Perevolotsky
8 Creating Coherent Time Series through Repeated Measurements in a Marine Monitoring Program
112(13)
Yonathan Shaked
Amatzia Genin
Replication and Experiments
9 Contingent Repeatability of Experiments in Time and Space
125(14)
Aaron M. Ellison
10 The Influence of Variation among Replicates on Repeatability
139(18)
Jacob Pitcovski
Ehud Shahar
Avigdor Cahaner
Meta-analysis and the Need for Repeatability
11 Replication and Repetition in Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in Medicine
157(6)
Leonard Leibovici
Mical Paul
12 Clinical Heterogeneity in Multiple Trials of the Antimicrobial Treatment of Cholera
163(16)
Mical Paul
Ya'ara Leibovici-Weissman
Leonard Leibovici
The Role of Metadata in Creating Reproducible Research
13 Reliable Metadata and the Creation of Trustworthy, Reproducible, and Re-usable Data Sets
179(16)
Kristin Vanderbilt
David Blankman
14 Replication of Data Analyses: Provenance in R
195(20)
Emery R. Boose
Barbara S. Lerner
PART THREE INTEGRATION AND SYNTHESIS
15 Turning Oranges into Apples: Using Detectability Correction and Bias Heuristics to Compare Imperfectly Repeated Observations
215(18)
Morgan W. Tingley
16 Dissecting and Reconstructing Time and Space for Replicable Biological Research
233(17)
Barbara Helm
Ayelet Shavit
17 Best Practices for Creating Replicable Research
250(15)
Aaron M. Ellison
Epilogue: A Chorus's Dance with Replication 265(6)
Ayelet Shavit
Bibliography 271(34)
List of Contributors 305(6)
Index 311
Ayelet Shavit, a philosopher of science, is a senior lecturer and head of the philosophy program at Tel Hai College. She lives at Kibbutz K'far Giladi, Israel. Aaron M. Ellison is the senior research fellow in ecology, Harvard University, Harvard Forest. He lives in Royalston, MA.