Preface |
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xv | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
About the Author |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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2 | (1) |
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Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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Discrete Versus Continuous Variables |
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12 | (1) |
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Independent Variables Versus Dependent Variables |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Required Mathematical Skills for This Course |
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14 | (4) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (4) |
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18 | (4) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Summarizing, Organizing Data, and Measures of Central Tendency |
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27 | (44) |
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27 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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27 | (2) |
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Frequency Distribution Table |
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29 | (7) |
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Organizing and Summarizing Categorical Variables |
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29 | (1) |
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Organizing and Summarizing Numerical Variables |
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30 | (6) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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Bar Graphs and Histograms |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Common Distribution Shapes |
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41 | (4) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Measures of Central Tendency |
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45 | (11) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (2) |
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Locations of Mean, Median, and Mode in Different Shapes of Distribution |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Excel Step-by-Step Instruction for Calculating ΣX From a Frequency Table and Constructing a Bar Graph and a Histogram |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (3) |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Measures of Variability |
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71 | (24) |
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71 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (13) |
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72 | (1) |
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Variance and Standard Deviation for a Population |
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73 | (2) |
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Variance and Standard Deviation for a Sample |
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75 | (10) |
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85 | (1) |
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Discover the Hidden Functions in Excel: Analysis Toolpak Installation Instructions |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (4) |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Standard Z Scores |
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95 | (24) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (11) |
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Z Scores for a Population |
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99 | (6) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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Empirical Rule for Variables With a Normal Distribution |
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108 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (3) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Basic Principles of Probability |
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119 | (38) |
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119 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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119 | (1) |
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Basic Terms and Mathematical Operations in Probability |
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120 | (11) |
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Basic Terms in Probability |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Mathematical Operations of Probabilities |
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122 | (3) |
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Binomial Probability Distribution |
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125 | (6) |
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131 | (5) |
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132 | (4) |
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136 | (1) |
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Linkage Between Probability and ZScore in a Normal Distribution |
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136 | (7) |
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143 | (1) |
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Probabilities, Z Scores, and Raw Scores |
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144 | (5) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (3) |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 The Central Limit Theorem |
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157 | (22) |
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157 | (2) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means and the Central Limit Theorem |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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Relationships Between Sample Means and the Population Mean |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (6) |
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169 | (5) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing |
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179 | (30) |
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179 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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179 | (1) |
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Type I Error and Type II Error |
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180 | (5) |
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185 | (1) |
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The Four-Step Procedure to Conduct a Hypothesis Test |
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185 | (11) |
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Step 1 Explicitly State the Pair of Hypotheses |
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186 | (1) |
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Step 2 Identify the Rejection Zone for the Hypothesis Test |
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187 | (3) |
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Step 3 Calculate the Test Statistic |
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190 | (1) |
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Step 4 Make the Correct Conclusion |
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190 | (2) |
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Examples of the Four-Step Hypothesis Test in Action |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (1) |
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Further Discussions on Directional Versus Nondirectional Hypothesis Tests |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 One-Sample t Test and Dependent-Sample t Test |
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209 | (44) |
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209 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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210 | (1) |
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The Unknown σ and Conducting the One-Sample t Test |
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210 | (1) |
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The f Distribution With a Specific Curve for Every Degree of Freedom |
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211 | (4) |
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The Four-Step Hypothesis Test in One-Sample f Tests |
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215 | (7) |
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222 | (1) |
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Confidence Intervals in One-Sample t Tests |
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222 | (5) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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227 | (1) |
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Introducing Dependent-Sample t Tests |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Calculations and the Hypothesis Testing Process in Dependent-Sample t Tests |
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229 | (10) |
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Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error of the Differences |
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229 | (1) |
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Hypothesis Testing for Dependent-Sample t Tests |
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229 | (7) |
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Confidence Interval of the Differences |
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236 | (1) |
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Effect Size for the Dependent-Sample t Tests |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (8) |
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240 | (7) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Independent-Samples t Tests |
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253 | (44) |
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253 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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253 | (1) |
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Introducing Independent Samples and the Decision Rules on Equal Variances |
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254 | (2) |
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Decision Rules for Equal Variances Assumed Versus Equal Variances Not Assumed |
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256 | (4) |
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260 | (9) |
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260 | (9) |
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269 | (7) |
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Equal Variances Not Assumed |
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269 | (7) |
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276 | (1) |
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Confidence Intervals of the Mean Differences |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (6) |
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282 | (5) |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (6) |
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297 | (44) |
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297 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (14) |
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Pearson's Correlation Formulas |
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298 | (4) |
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Describing and Interpreting Pearson's r |
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302 | (1) |
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The Shape of the Relationship: Linear or Curvilinear |
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303 | (2) |
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The Direction of the Relationship: Positive (+) or Negative (-) |
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305 | (1) |
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The Strength of the Relationship |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Showing Pearson's Correlation in Action |
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307 | (5) |
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312 | (1) |
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Hypothesis Testing for Pearson's Correlation |
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312 | (9) |
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321 | (1) |
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Interpretations and Assumptions of Pearson's Correlation |
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322 | (2) |
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Interpretations of Pearson's Correlation |
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322 | (1) |
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Assumptions of Pearson's Correlation |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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Excel Step-by-Step Instruction for Constructing a Scatterplot |
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326 | (1) |
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Excel Step-by-Step Instruction for Calculating Pearson's r |
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327 | (3) |
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330 | (6) |
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332 | (4) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Simple Regression |
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341 | (38) |
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341 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (1) |
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Hypothesis Testing for Simple Regression |
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346 | (11) |
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Standard Error of the Estimate |
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356 | (1) |
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The Mathematical Relationship Between Pearson's r and the Regression Slope, b |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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Statistical Assumptions for Simple Regression |
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357 | (3) |
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Step-by-Step Instructions of Simple Regression in Excel |
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360 | (5) |
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365 | (7) |
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367 | (5) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 One-Way Analysis of Variance |
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379 | (34) |
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379 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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379 | (1) |
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Introducing One-Way ANOVA |
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380 | (2) |
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Between-Group Variance and Within-Group Variance |
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382 | (6) |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (1) |
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Degrees of Freedom for Between Groups (dfB and Within Groups (dfW) |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (1) |
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Hypothesis Testing for One-Way ANOVA |
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389 | (7) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (1) |
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Effect Size for One-Way ANOVA |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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Step-by-Step Instructions for Using Excel to Run an ANOVA |
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397 | (5) |
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402 | (5) |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence |
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413 | (28) |
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413 | (1) |
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What You Know and What Is New |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (4) |
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Expected Frequency Under a One-Way Frequency Table |
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415 | (1) |
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Expected Frequency Under a Two-Way Contingency Table |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (3) |
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Hypothesis Testing for the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test |
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420 | (3) |
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423 | (1) |
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Chi-Square for Independence Test |
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423 | (10) |
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Hypothesis Test for the Chi-Square for Independence Test |
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424 | (9) |
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433 | (1) |
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433 | (4) |
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434 | (3) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (3) |
Appendix A The Standard Normal Distribution Table (Z Table) |
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441 | (4) |
Appendix B The (-Distribution Table (t Table) |
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445 | (2) |
Appendix C The F Table |
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447 | (2) |
Appendix D The Critical Values of Pearson's Correlation Table (r Table) |
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449 | (2) |
Appendix E The Critical Values for the Chi-Square Tests (Chi;2 Table) |
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451 | (2) |
Odd Answers to the Learning Assessments |
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453 | (28) |
Glossary |
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481 | (8) |
References |
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489 | (2) |
Index |
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491 | |